The temperature of storage of a batch of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles samples on their nutritive value for broilers     

I. Whiting  S. P. Rose  F. Karadas  M. W. Mirza  A. Sharpe 《British poultry science》2018,59(1):76-80

1. A batch of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) was obtained immediately after production and was separated into 5 equal parts and placed in woven polypropylene sacks. The samples were stored under 5 different temperature conditions for 1 year as follows: kept at a constant ?20°C; kept at ?20°C for 24 h period and after that kept at a constant +4°C; kept at a constant +4°C only; kept at a constant +15°C; stored at ambient temperature (range of weekly mean temperatures was from +4 to +22°C).

2. Each of the 5 wheat DDGS samples was included (200 g/kg) in a nutritionally complete diet and fed to broiler chickens from 7 to 21 d of age. The chemical composition of the DDGS samples was determined at the beginning and at the end of the 1-year storage period.

3. The nitrogen corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) and the nutrient availability of each sample was measured using a total collection technique. The growth performance of birds was also determined.

4. The DDGS samples kept at a constant ?20°C had higher dry matter, lower oxidation value and lower antioxidant contents. The DDGS sample that was stored at ambient temperatures had a higher AMEn than the rest of the DDGS samples.

5. The results of this experiment have shown that there can be changes in the AMEn of wheat DDGS during storage at ambient temperatures. In general, there were no serious effects of storage of DDGS on its feeding value to broiler chickens.  相似文献   

A cross-sectional study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the equine-human interface     

Waqar  Namra  Amin  Quratulain  Munir  Tariq  Ikram  Muhammad Sohaib  Shahzad  Naveed  Mirza  Arkim  Ali  Arshad  Arshad  Muhammad Imran 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(7):1927-1933

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The present study aimed at investigating the percent prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in equines and associated personnel. A...  相似文献   

炎热季节不同代谢能和粗蛋白水平对肉鸡生产性能的影响     

Zaman Q U  Mushtaq T  Nawaz H  Mirza M A  Mahmood S  Ahmad T  Babar M E  Mushtaq M M H 《饲料博览》2008,(10):38-39

试验旨在研究炎热夏季不同代谢能（ME）和粗蛋白（CP）水平对肉鸡生产性能的影响。选择1日龄宝星肉仔鸡600只（公母比例为1：1）,并平均分配到30个试验组（公母比例为1：1）。试验采用2x3因素设计,代谢能水平分别为12．13和12．55MJ·k^-1,粗蛋白水平分别为190、210和230g·kg^-1共6个处理。低蛋白饲粮补充晶体氨基酸以满足其必需氨基酸的需求。每个处理设5个重复,试验期为1～28日龄。试验结束时,从每个重复中随机选择两只鸡测定屠体重、胸肌重、腹脂、肝和胃的重量。随着饲粮ME水平的升高,体重、腹脂和肝脏重量、屠体蛋白质和脂肪含量均显著升高：然而屠体干物质含量降低。饲粮CP对体重、饲料增重比、屠体重、肉中干物质和蛋白含量有二次效应。随着饲粮CP水平的升高,胸肌重和肉中脂肪含量线性升高。低CP（190g·kg^-1）高ME（12．55MJ·kg^-1）饲粮提高体重、采食量、屠体重,并改善饲料增重比;中CP（210g·kg^-1）、低ME（12．13MJ·kg^-1）组饲料增重比最低。高CP、高ME组屠体蛋白质和脂肪含量升高,然而高CP、低ME组肉中干物质含量高。结果表明了饲粮蛋白质和能量之间的相互联系,在不考虑其他因素的情况下不能预测其最适宜水平。总之,在32～39℃环境条件下低CP高ME饲粮能提高肉仔鸡的总体生产性能。  相似文献   

Effect of wheat processing on rumen characteristics and rumen parameters in Holstein‐Friesian calves     

S. S. Mirghaffari  K. Karkoodi  A. Mirza‐aghazadeh  N. Maheri‐sis 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(5):911-918

In this experiment, effect of wheat processing on rumen conditions and development were investigated. Fifty‐six neonatal Holstein‐Friesian calves (22 male and 34 female) were fed calf starters and post‐weaning diets containing 35 (pre‐weaning) and 21.90% (post‐weaning) popped wheat (PW), steam‐flaked wheat (SFW), dry‐rolled wheat (DRW) or ground wheat (GW) till 12 weeks of age. Calves were weaned at the end of 9th week, and a post‐weaning‐specific starter diets were fed for 1 month. Rumen liquor was analysed in days 30, 60 and 90 of the experiment to determine volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH and ammonia nitrogen concentrations. Twelve male calves (three calves/treatment) were slaughtered, and digestive tract was emptied. Forestomach empty weight and rumen parameters were assessed. Results indicated that calves received PW had the highest total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, ammonia nitrogen, rumen wall thickness, papilla width and density. Calves fed DRW experienced the lowest rumen pH throughout the experiment probably because high proportion of fine particles in GW. Calves consuming PW apparently had more functional rumen in comparison with other groups.  相似文献   

Floristic composition and management of cropland agroforest in southwestern Bangladesh     

Md. Hasanuzzaman  Mahmood Hossain  Mustafa Saroar 《林业研究》2014,25(3):597-604

Cropland agroforest is an important production system in the southwest region of Bangladesh. This study focused on the floristic composition and management of existing cropland agroforests. A total of 313 cropland agroforests were surveyed and 83%respondents practiced pure agroforestry while the remaining 17% practiced agroforestry with fisheries. A total of 18 forest trees and 2 shrubs were recorded from 11 families and 59 species of agricultural crops were from 28 families. A higher proportion （79%） of cropland agroforests were occupied small land areas （0.12-0.80 ha）. About 63% of respondents planted trees for fruit production and 47%for timber production, and 35%of respondents engaged in commercial production （35%）. Swietenia macrophylla was the most prevalent species （relative prevalence 20.83） followed by Man-gifera indica （relative prevalence 15.57） and Cocos nucifera （relative prevalence 7.08）. Shorter spacing was used for timber and fuel wood species and wider spacing for fruit trees. A wide range of rotation periods, from 5 to 25 years, was observed for both cases. The use of chemical fertilizer was highest followed by cow dung and compost in cropland agroforests. Overall management practices of cropland agroforest in southwest Bangladesh were determined by the end product and local demand.  相似文献   

Effect of different non-chloride sodium sources on the performance of heat-stressed broiler chickens     

Ahmad T  Mushtaq T  Mahr-Un-Nisa  Sarwar M  Hooge DM  Mirza MA 《British poultry science》2006,47(3):249-256

1. One hundred and eighty 1-d-old broiler chicks were used to evaluate the effect upon broiler performance during severely hot summer months of three different sodium salts: sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), in starter and finisher diets having an identical electrolyte balance (DEB) of 250 mEq/kg. 2. The non-chloride sodium salts were added to contribute the same amount of sodium and were substituted at the expense of builder's sand in the basal diets containing common salt (NaCl) as Na and Cl source. 3. Each diet was fed to three experimental units having 15 chicks each until 42 d of age. Severe heat-stress conditions, maintained in the rearing room, were indicated by high average weekly room temperature (minimum 29.3 degrees C; maximum 38.0 degrees C). 4. Diets containing sodium salts gave better body weight gain, feed intake and feed to gain ratio than the control diet. Sodium salts also enhanced water intake as well as water to feed intake ratio. This effect was more pronounced in broilers fed NaHCO3 supplement (with NaCl in the basal diets). 5. The increased water intake resulted in lower body temperature in heat-stressed birds fed NaHCO3 supplemented diet than in birds fed other sodium salts. A lower mortality rate was noted with NaHCO3 (15.15%), Na2CO3 (13.64%) and Na2SO4 (15.15%) supplements than with the control (33.33%) treatment. 6. Better carcase and parts yield were observed in sodium supplemented broilers. Sodium salts reduced the alkalotic pH and enhanced the blood sodium content, which ultimately improved the blood electrolyte balance and overall performance of heat-stressed broilers. 7. Supplementing broiler diets with sodium salts improved the live performance of heat-stressed broilers and better productive performance was noted with NaHCO3 than other sodium supplements.  相似文献   

Clenbuterol toxicosis in three Quarter Horse racehorses after administration of a compounded product     

Thompson JA  Mirza MH  Barker SA  Morgan TW  Bauer RW  McConnico RS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,239(6):842-849

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Application of the CSM-CERES-Rice model for evaluation of plant density and nitrogen management of fine transplanted rice for an irrigated semiarid environment     

Shakeel Ahmad  Ashfaq Ahmad  Cecilia Manuela Tojo Soler  Hakoomat Ali  Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq  Jakarat Anothai  Abid Hussain  Gerrit Hoogenboom  Mirza Hasanuzzaman 《Precision Agriculture》2012,13(2):200-218

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the cropping system model (CSM)-CERES-Rice to simulate growth and development of an aromatic rice variety under irrigated conditions in a semiarid environment of Pakistan and to determine the impact of various plant densities and nitrogen (N) application rates on grain yield and economic return. The crop simulation model was evaluated with experimental data collected in experiments that were conducted in 2000 and 2001 in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications and included three plant densities (one seedling hill⁻¹, PD₁; two seedlings hill⁻¹, PD₂; and three seedlings hill⁻¹, PD₃) and five N fertilizer regimes (control, N₀; 50 kg ha⁻¹, N₅₀; 100 kg ha⁻¹, N₁₀₀; 150 kg ha⁻¹, N₁₅₀; and 200 kg ha⁻¹, N₂₀₀). To determine the most appropriate combination of plant density and N levels, four plant densities from one seedling hill⁻¹ to four seedlings hill⁻¹ and 13 N levels ranging from 0 to 300 kg N ha⁻¹ (52 scenarios) were simulated for 35 years of historical daily weather data under irrigated conditions. The evaluation of CSM-CERES-Rice showed that the model was able to simulate growth and yield of irrigated rice in the semiarid conditions, with an average error of 11% between simulated and observed grain yield. The results of the stimulation analysis result showed that two seedlings hill⁻¹ along with 200 kg N ha⁻¹ (PD₂N₂₀₀) produced the highest yield as compared to all other scenarios. Furthermore, the economic analysis through the mean gini dominance also showed the dominance of this treatment (PD₂N₂₀₀) compared to the other treatment combinations. Thus, the management scenario that consisted of two seedlings hill⁻¹ and 200 kg N ha⁻¹ was the best for high yield and monitory return of irrigated rice in the semiarid environment. The mean monetary returns ranged from 291 US $ ha⁻¹ to 1 460 US $ ha⁻¹ to 1 460 US  ha⁻¹ among the 52 production options that were simulated. This approaching was demonstrated as effective way to optimize the density and N management for high yield and monetary return. It will help the rice production.  相似文献   

Role of selenium in mitigation of cadmium toxicity in pepper grown in hydroponic condition     

Leila Shekari  Maryam Mozafariyan  Mirza Hasanuzzaman  Farshad Sadeghi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(6):761-772

Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans but is not considered as essential for plants. However, its beneficial role in improving plant growth and stress tolerances is well established. In order to study the role of Se in cadmium (Cd) toxicity in pepper (Capsicum frutescens cv. Suryankhi Cluster), this experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions. Treatments comprised Cd [0, 0.25, and 0.5 mM cadmium chloride (CdCl₂)] and Se [0, 3, and 7 µM sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃)] with three replications. The result showed that Cd decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, whereas Se supplementation diminished Cd toxicity on photosynthetic pigment. Selenium at 7 µM significantly increased the leaf area in the plants grown at 0.25 mM Cd. The application of Se at 3 µM with 0.25 mM Cd and Se at 3 µM and Se at 7 µM with 0.5 mM Cd increased the activity of catalase (CAT). Selenium at 7 µM decreased the proline content of pepper leaves exposed to Cd at 0.5 mM (30%). Selenium significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of leaves, which was diminished by Cd toxicity. In general, Se has a beneficial effect on plant growth and is an antioxidant enzyme of pepper cv. Suryankhi Cluster under Cd stress and non-stress conditions.  相似文献   

Significant effect of NSP‐ase enzyme supplementation in sunflower meal‐based diet on the growth and nutrient digestibility in broilers          下载免费PDF全文

M. Bilal  M. A. Mirza  M. Kaleem  M. Saeed  Md. Reyad‐ ul‐ferdous  M. E. Abd El‐Hack 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(2):222-228

The response of broiler chickens to 3 levels of sunflower meal and 2 levels of NSP‐ase enzyme combination (with and without) was investigated in 3 × 2 factorial arrangement under complete randomized design (CRD). A total of 240 Hubbard broiler chicks were fed on practical mash diets having 2950 kcal of ME and 21% CP from 1 to 42 days of age. The BW gain was not significantly reduced when 25% SFM was added in the diets during 1 to 42 days of age. Supplementation of NSP‐ase in broiler diets (day 1–42 overall) demonstrated non‐significant differences (p < 0.05) across the treatments in terms of FI and BWG. The difference in feed:gain at 15% or 20% SFM was observed to be non‐significant. Replacement of SBM with SFM or inclusion of SFM at higher level (25%) increased/deteriorated FCR. The addition of exogenous NSP‐ase showed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) in feed:gain. The improvement was clearly demonstrated when SFM was added to the experimental diet at 15% or even 20%. Supplementation of NSP‐ase at the 25% inclusion level could not, however, sustain the beneficial effect, which was possibly due to excessively high dietary CF. No difference was noted across the treatments regarding carcass response. Relative gizzard weight and intestinal weight were observed to be improved in birds consuming higher levels of SFM (p = 0.00). The digestibility of CF was observed to improve when SFM was used at 20% and 25% in the diets. No improvement in the digestibility of CF was observed with NSP‐ase supplementation, which meant other factors were clearly involved. Supplementation of NSP‐ase improved FCR up to 20% SFM. At 25% SFM, no improvement in the digestibility of CF was observed with NSP‐ase supplementation.  相似文献