Legume residue influence arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation and P uptake by wheat     

Hasbullah  Petra Marschner  Ann McNeill 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(6):701-707

Legumes have been shown to increase growth and P uptake of the following cereal. This could, in part, be due to nutrients released by the decomposing legume residues. To investigate the effect of P added with legume residues on wheat growth, P uptake and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation, a number of experiments were conducted with different legume residues added to a soil with low P availability under conditions in which N was not limiting. Young and mature faba bean shoots (FYS, FMS) and mature chickpea shoots (CP) were added to soil at different rates (0.5–2%, w/w) with the P concentration being the greatest in the young faba bean shoots and least in the mature chickpea residues. Other treatments included addition of inorganic P at different rates (0–80 mg P kg⁻¹). Available P, growth and P uptake and AM colonisation of wheat were measured after 6 weeks. As expected, inorganic P addition increased growth and P uptake but decreased AM colonisation. The effect of the residues was more complex. AM colonisation was not correlated with available P in the soil amended with residues, whereas there was significant negative correlation between available P and AM colonisation in the treatments with inorganic P. Addition of FYS increased wheat shoot growth and P uptake and decreased AM colonisation. However, FMS and CP addition not only decreased wheat growth and P uptake but also AM colonisation despite low soil P availability. It is concluded that addition of some legume residues can improve the growth of subsequent cereals, but others have a negative effect on wheat growth and AM colonisation which cannot be explained solely by soil P availability.  相似文献   

Effect of mono- and divalent cations on sorption of water-extractable organic carbon and microbial activity     

Setia  Raj  Rengasamy  Pichu  Marschner  Petra 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(5):727-734

Biology and Fertility of Soils - Sorption is an important process for retention of organic carbon (C) in soils. The effect of Na+ and Ca2+ on sorption of organic C has been studied in salt-affected...  相似文献   

Previous water content influences the response of soil respiration to changes in water content in non-saline and saline soils     

Nan Yan  Petra Marschner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(7):1129-1140

Three incubation experiments were carried out with a non-saline soil (electrical conductivity in a saturation paste (ECe) 1 dS m^?1) to which NaCl was added to achieve ECe 10 and 30 dS m^?1; pea straw was added at 20 g kg^?1 as a nutrient source. Experiment 1 showed that cumulative respiration was highest in soil EC 1 and lowest in soil EC 30. The optimal water content for respiration was 60–70 % of WHC in all soils. There were two periods (days 1–7 and days 8–17) in Experiment 2. In the treatments with the same water content in both periods [optimal (O-O) and medium (M-M)], respiration rates decreased over time and were lower in M-M than in O-O. Cumulative respiration at medium water content did not differ between slow (L-SM) or rapid rewetting (L-RM) from low to medium water content. There were two periods in Experiment 3 with the water content in the first period 50, 40 or 30 % of WHC adjusted from 60 % during pre-incubation either slowly or rapidly. The water content in the second period was maintained or adjusted slowly to 30–60 %. Cumulative respiration differed between water contents but was not consistently different between rapid and slow drying in the first period. We conclude that the response of microbial activity to a certain water content is influenced by the previous water content whereas the speed at which the water content is adjusted had little effect on respiration at target water content.  相似文献   

Quantitative resistance to Botrytis cinerea from Solanum neorickii     

Richard Finkers  Yuling Bai  Petra van den Berg  Ralph van Berloo  Fien Meijer-Dekens  Arjen ten Have  Jan van Kan  Pim Lindhout  Adriaan W. van Heusden 《Euphytica》2008,159(1-2):83-92

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is susceptible to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Quantitative resistance to B. cinerea was previously identified in a wild relative, S. neorickii G1.1601. The 122 F₃ families derived from a cross between the susceptible S. lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker and the partially resistant S. neorickii G1.1601 were tested for susceptibility to B. cinerea using a stem bioassay. Three putative quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were detected: pQTL3 and pQTL9 reducing lesion growth (LG) and pQTL4 reducing disease incidence (DI). For each pQTL, a putative homologous locus was identified recently in another wild tomato relative, S. habrochaites LYC4. pQTL3 was confirmed by assessing disease resistance in BC₃S₁ and BC₃S₂ progenies of S. neorickii G1.1601. pQTL4 was not statistically confirmed but the presence of the S. neorickii resistance allele reduced DI in all three tested populations. The reduction in LG of pQTL9 was not confirmed but rather, this locus conferred a reduced DI, similar to observations in the QTL study using S. habrochaites. The results are discussed in relation to other disease resistance loci identified in studies with other wild tomato relatives.  相似文献   

Map- vs. homology-based cloning for the recessive gene ol-2 conferring resistance to tomato powdery mildew     

Stefano Pavan  Zheng Zheng  Mariya Borisova  Petra van den Berg  Concetta Lotti  Claudio De Giovanni  Pim Lindhout  Hans de Jong  Luigi Ricciardi  Richard G. F. Visser  Yuling Bai 《Euphytica》2008,162(1):91-98

The recessive gene ol-2 confers papilla-associated and race-non-specific resistance to tomato powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici. In order to facilitate marker assisted selection (MAS) in practical breeding programmes, we identified two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and one cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker which are linked to the resistance locus and co-dominantly inherited. Aiming to provide a base for ol-2 positional cloning, we used a large segregating F₂ population to merge these markers with all the ol-2 linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP^®) markers previously identified in an integrated genetic map. By screening a tomato bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, we detected two BAC clones containing two expressed sequence tags (ESTs) homologous to the gene mlo, responsible for powdery mildew resistance in barley, as well as an ol-2-linked marker. Chromosomal mapping by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) revealed major signals of the two BAC DNAs in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of the short arm of chromosome 4, in the same region where the ol-2 gene was previously mapped. The genetic and cytogenetic co-localisation between ol-2 and tomato mlo-homologue(s), in addition to the similarity of ol-2 and mlo resistances for both genetic and phytopathological characteristics, suggests that ol-2 is likely a mlo-homologue. Thus, a homology-based cloning approach could be more suitable than positional cloning for ol-2 isolation.  相似文献   

Residues of diflubenzuron on horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) leaves and their efficacy against the horse chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella     

Nejmanová J  Cvacka J  Hrdý I  Kuldová J  Mertelík J  Muck A  Nesnerová P  Svatos A 《Pest management science》2006,62(3):274-278

Residues of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron were quantified on horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves treated with a diflubenzuron 480 g litre^?1 SC, Dimilin. To analyse the samples, an analytical procedure was developed involving a simple extraction step followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography on an octadecyl‐modified silica column with methanol + 0.01 M ammonium acetate mobile phase. The results showed diflubenzuron to be highly stable on horse chestnut leaves; more than 4 months (127 days) after application, 38% (on average) of the insecticide still remained on/in the leaves. The data confirmed biological observations showing diflubenzuron's long‐term efficacy against the horse chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimi?, which is the most important pest of the horse chestnut in Europe. The hypothesis of possible penetration of diflubenzuron into the leaf mass is explored and discussed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Ring Test with the Models LEACHP,PRZM-2 and VARLEACH: Variability between Model Users in Prediction of Pesticide Leaching Using a Standard Data Set     

Colin D. Brown  Ulrike Baer  Petra Günther  Marco Trevisan  Allan Walker 《Pest management science》1996,47(3):249-258

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Comparison of Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Essential Oils Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Steam Distillation of Laurus nobilis L.     

Řebíčková  Kristýna  Bajer  Tomáš  Šilha  David  Ventura  Karel  Bajerová  Petra 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(4):495-504

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The purpose of this study was to compare the yield, chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of essential oils isolated from leaves of Laurus...  相似文献   

Landscape capability models as a tool to predict fine-scale forest bird occupancy and abundance     

Zachary G. Loman  William V. Deluca  Daniel J. Harrison  Cynthia S. Loftin  Brian W. Rolek  Petra B. Wood 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(1):77-91

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Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis due to PNPLA1 mutation in a golden retriever–poodle cross‐bred dog and the effect of topical therapy          下载免费PDF全文

Chie Tamamoto‐Mochizuki  Frane Banovic  Petra Bizikova  Aurore Laprais  Keith E. Linder  Thierry Olivry 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(4):306-e75

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