Rate of degradation of alpha-tocopherol,squalene, phenolics,and polyunsaturated fatty acids in olive oil during different storage conditions     

Rastrelli L  Passi S  Ippolito F  Vacca G  De Simone F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(20):5566-5570

Changes in the concentration of tocopherol, monophenols, o-diphenols, squalene, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in olive oil were evaluated during 1 year at various storage conditions. Samples of two different extra virgin olive oil (EOO), produced in Calabria (Italy), were stored in dark and in colorless bottles, filled up completely or to half, in order to simulate the domestic storage conditions. The extent of oxidation or photooxidation was monitored by periodic measurements of peroxide values and the rate of degradation of alpha-tocopherol, o-diphenols, squalene, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The quantitative analysis of the constituents has been performed by HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS, and GC-MS. The main changes in the concentrations of the analyzed compounds were associated with the major oxygen level in the half-empty glass bottles. alpha-Tocopherol was the first molecule to be oxidized (-20% after 2 months, -92% after 12 months). Squalene and o-diphenols were protected in the first months by the presence of alpha-tocopherol, and their content decreased significantly only after 6 and 8 months, respectively, in the half-empty bottles. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids remained almost constant during 8 months for all four different storage conditions; their oxidation started when the level of the antioxidants decreased.  相似文献   

Transmission of chronic nociception by spinal neurons expressing the substance P receptor     

Nichols ML  Allen BJ  Rogers SD  Ghilardi JR  Honore P  Luger NM  Finke MP  Li J  Lappi DA  Simone DA  Mantyh PW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5444):1558-1561

Substance P receptor (SPR)-expressing spinal neurons were ablated with the selective cytotoxin substance P-saporin. Loss of these neurons resulted in a reduction of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia associated with persistent neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. This loss appeared to be permanent. Responses to mildly painful stimuli and morphine analgesia were unaffected by this treatment. These results identify a target for treating persistent pain and suggest that the small population of SPR-expressing neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord plays a pivotal role in the generation and maintenance of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain.  相似文献   

Comment on "Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009"     

Samanta A  Costa MH  Nunes EL  Vieira SA  Xu L  Myneni RB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1093; author reply 1093

Zhao and Running (Reports, 20 August 2010, p. 940) reported a reduction in global terrestrial net primary production (NPP) from 2000 through 2009. We argue that the small trends, regional patterns, and interannual variations that they describe are artifacts of their NPP model. Satellite observations of vegetation activity show no statistically significant changes in more than 85% of the vegetated lands south of 70°N during the same 2000 to 2009 period.  相似文献   

Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology     

Scherer SW  Cheung J  MacDonald JR  Osborne LR  Nakabayashi K  Herbrick JA  Carson AR  Parker-Katiraee L  Skaug J  Khaja R  Zhang J  Hudek AK  Li M  Haddad M  Duggan GE  Fernandez BA  Kanematsu E  Gentles S  Christopoulos CC  Choufani S  Kwasnicka D  Zheng XH  Lai Z  Nusskern D  Zhang Q  Gu Z  Lu F  Zeesman S  Nowaczyk MJ  Teshima I  Chitayat D  Shuman C  Weksberg R  Zackai EH  Grebe TA  Cox SR  Kirkpatrick SJ  Rahman N  Friedman JM  Heng HH  Pelicci PG  Lo-Coco F  Belloni E  Shaffer LG  Pober B  Morton CC  Gusella JF  Bruns GA  Korf BR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5620):767-772

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Laser-induced ferroelectric structural order in an organic charge-transfer crystal     

Collet E  Lemée-Cailleau MH  Buron-Le Cointe M  Cailleau H  Wulff M  Luty T  Koshihara SY  Meyer M  Toupet L  Rabiller P  Techert S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5619):612-615

We report the direct observation by x-ray diffraction of a photoinduced paraelectric-to-ferroelectric structural phase transition using monochromatic 100-picosecond synchrotron pulses. It occurs in tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil, a charge-transfer molecular material in which electronic and structural changes are strongly coupled. An optical 300-femtosecond laser pulse switches the material from a neutral to an ionic state on a 500-picosecond time scale and, by virtue of intrinsic cooperativity, generates self-organized long-range structural order. The x-ray data indicate a macroscopic ferroelectric reorganization after the laser irradiation. Refinement of the structures before and after laser irradiation indicates structural changes at the molecular level.  相似文献   

PAMELA measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra     

Adriani O  Barbarino GC  Bazilevskaya GA  Bellotti R  Boezio M  Bogomolov EA  Bonechi L  Bongi M  Bonvicini V  Borisov S  Bottai S  Bruno A  Cafagna F  Campana D  Carbone R  Carlson P  Casolino M  Castellini G  Consiglio L  De Pascale MP  De Santis C  De Simone N  Di Felice V  Galper AM  Gillard W  Grishantseva L  Jerse G  Karelin AV  Koldashov SV  Krutkov SY  Kvashnin AN  Leonov A  Malakhov V  Malvezzi V  Marcelli L  Mayorov AG  Menn W  Mikhailov VV  Mocchiutti E  Monaco A  Mori N  Nikonov N  Osteria G  Palma F  Papini P  Pearce M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6025):69-72

Protons and helium nuclei are the most abundant components of the cosmic radiation. Precise measurements of their fluxes are needed to understand the acceleration and subsequent propagation of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. We report precision measurements of the proton and helium spectra in the rigidity range 1 gigavolt to 1.2 teravolts performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA (payload for antimatter matter exploration and light-nuclei astrophysics). We find that the spectral shapes of these two species are different and cannot be described well by a single power law. These data challenge the current paradigm of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants followed by diffusive propagation in the Galaxy. More complex processes of acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays are required to explain the spectral structures observed in our data.  相似文献   

Horticultural performance of ‘Folha Murcha’ sweet orange onto twelve rootstocks     

Tatiana Cantuarias-Avilés  Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho  Eduardo Sanches Stuchi  Simone Rodrigues da Silva  Erick Espinoza-Nuñez 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Despite its outstanding position, the Brazilian citriculture is established on a very limited pool of varieties that limits its expansion and restricts the fruit availability throughout the year. This situation determines the urgent necessity of developing alternative scion and rootstock cultivars, with good performance under local conditions. ‘Folha Murcha’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is a late-harvest cultivar, suitable both for the juice processing industry and the fresh fruit market, being described as tolerant to citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Schaad et al.), and less affected by citrus variegated chlorosis (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.). A study was conducted in Bebedouro, São Paulo State, Brazil, to evaluate the horticultural performance of ‘Folha Murcha’ sweet orange budded onto 12 rootstocks: the citrandarin ‘Changsha’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) × Poncirus trifoliata ‘English Small’; the hybrid ‘Rangpur’ lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) × ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus paradisi Macfad.); the trifoliates (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.) ‘Rubidoux’, ‘FCAV’, and ‘Flying Dragon’ (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa); the ‘Sun Chu Sha Kat’ mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco); the ‘Sunki’ mandarin (Citrus sunki (Hayata) Hort. ex. Tanaka); the ‘Rangpur’ limes (C. limonia Osbeck) ‘Cravo Limeira’ and ‘Cravo FCAV’; ‘Carrizo’ citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (P. trifoliata × C. paradisi), and ‘Orlando’ tangelo (C. paradisi × Citrus tangerina cv. ‘Dancy’). The experimental grove was planted in 2001, using a 7 m × 4 m spacing, in a randomized block design, with five replications and two plants per plot. No supplementary irrigation was applied. Fruit yield, canopy volume, tree tolerance to drought and to citrus variegated chlorosis, and fruit quality were assessed for each rootstock. Trees grafted onto the ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate were smaller in size, but had largest yield efficiency when compared to those grafted onto other rootstocks. Lower alternate bearing index was observed on trees budded onto ‘Cravo FCAV’ ‘Rangpur’ lime. Both ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstocks and the ‘Sunki’ mandarin induced higher tree tolerance to drought. The ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate induced better fruit quality and higher tolerance to citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) to ‘Folha Murcha’ trees. A cluster multivariate analysis identified three groups of rootstocks with similar effects on ‘Folha Murcha’ tree performance. Among the 12 evaluated rootstocks, the ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate has a unique effect on plant growth, tolerance to drought and CVC, fruit yield and fruit quality of ‘Folha Murcha’ trees, and may be better suited for high-density plantings.  相似文献   

Characterization of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown with biopesticides and deltamethrin     

Simone Palma Favaro  Yardlei Carlos AlbaAnderson Dias Vieira de Souza  Antonio Camilo Arguelho ViannaAntonia Railda Roel 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics and the post-harvest loss of mass of curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Verônica that was grown in a protective environment with applications of biopesticides. The curly lettuce was treated by spraying with neem oil, cassava flour wastewater (manipueira), biofertiliser or the control treatment of deltamethrin. We determined the weight, circumference, dry matter, ash, crude protein, total phenols and minerals profile for the heads of lettuce. After harvesting, the lettuce was packed into opened plastic bags and kept at 5 °C for 5 days to evaluate its weight loss. No differences were observed among the treatments for the physico-chemical parameters. The lettuce that was sprayed with manipueira or biofertiliser had the greatest weight loss during storage. The achievement of similar yields with cheaper products suggests a benefit of using organic bioinsecticides.  相似文献   

Duodenal perforation caused by Rhizomucor species in a cat     

Cunha SC  Aguero C  Damico CB  Corgozinho KB  Souza HJ  Pimenta AL  Marassi CD 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(3):205-207

CLINICAL SUMMARY: A 7-month-old female Persian cat presented with gastrointestinal (GI) necrosis and perforation caused by Rhizomucor species. Unfortunately, the cat died of bacterial peritonitis and sepsis before a definitive diagnosis, based on histopathology and fungal culture, was achieved. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: This appears to be the first reported case of GI disease caused by Rhizomucor species in a cat. Mucorales infections typically cause acute and rapidly progressive disease. As illustrated by this case, clinicians should be alert to the potentially fatal consequences of an opportunistic Rhizomucor species infection in their feline patients.  相似文献   

A clinical study on the effect in horses during medetomidine-isoflurane anaesthesia, of butorphanol constant rate infusion on isoflurane requirements, on cardiopulmonary function and on recovery characteristics     

Bettschart-Wolfensberger R  Dicht S  Vullo C  Frotzler A  Kuemmerle JM  Ringer SK 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(3):186-194

ObjectiveTo test if the addition of butorphanol by constant rate infusion (CRI) to medetomidine–isoflurane anaesthesia reduced isoflurane requirements, and influenced cardiopulmonary function and/or recovery characteristics.Study designProspective blinded randomised clinical trial.Animals61 horses undergoing elective surgery.MethodsHorses were sedated with intravenous (IV) medetomidine (7 μg kg^?1); anaesthesia was induced with IV ketamine (2.2 mg kg^?1) and diazepam (0.02 mg kg^?1) and maintained with isoflurane and a CRI of medetomidine (3.5 μg kg^?1 hour^?1). Group MB (n = 31) received butorphanol CRI (25 μg kg^?1 IV bolus then 25 μg kg^?1 hour^?1); Group M (n = 30) an equal volume of saline. Artificial ventilation maintained end-tidal CO₂ in the normal range. Horses received lactated Ringer’s solution 5 mL kg^?1 hour^?1, dobutamine <1.25 μg kg^?1 minute^?1 and colloids if required. Inspired and exhaled gases, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were monitored continuously; pH and arterial blood gases were measured every 30 minutes. Recovery was timed and scored. Data were analyzed using two way repeated measures anova, independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test (p < 0.05).ResultsThere was no difference between groups with respect to anaesthesia duration, end-tidal isoflurane (MB: mean 1.06 ± SD 0.11, M: 1.05 ± 0.1%), MAP (MB: 88 ± 9, M: 87 ± 7 mmHg), heart rate (MB: 33 ± 6, M: 35 ± 8 beats minute^?1), pH, PaO₂ (MB: 19.2 ± 6.6, M: 18.2 ± 6.6 kPa) or PaCO_2. Recovery times and quality did not differ between groups, but the time to extubation was significantly longer in group MB (26.9 ± 10.9 minutes) than in group M (20.4 ± 9.4 minutes).Conclusion and clinical relevanceButorphanol CRI at the dose used does not decrease isoflurane requirements in horses anaesthetised with medetomidine–isoflurane and has no influence on cardiopulmonary function or recovery.  相似文献