A hierarchical view of the interactions of runoff and infiltration with vegetation and microtopography in semiarid shrublands   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ger Bergkamp 《CATENA》1998,33(3-4)

Measurements of runoff and infiltration were made at five spatial scales, terracette (<1 m), hummock (10–20 m²), part-slope (1000–2000 m²), slope (1 ha) and catchment (50 ha), on a shrubland and an open forest site. The study was aimed at understanding the relationships between runoff production, vegetation patterns and microtopography at different spatial scales within a sparsely vegetated, semiarid area. The results of runoff monitoring and rainfall simulation experiments showed that runoff did not occur at the slope scale. It was buffered at the terracette level by nonuniform infiltration at the rims of terracettes and at the hummock scale by rapid infiltration under oak shrubs and trees. Slope and catchment runoff were not connected to runoff at these fine scales. The field evidence is discussed within the context of hierarchy theory, and the implications for management of these shrublands are related to maintaining both the vegetation mosaic and runoff on these slopes.  相似文献   

新型猪伪狂犬病流行情况及净化措施   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁红  练斯南  张衡  白挨泉 《中国动物检疫》2016,33(3):58-62

2011年11月份我国发生新型猪伪狂犬病疫情,导致中大猪、母猪出现典型的伪狂犬症状而死亡。目前,各地分离到的猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)流行毒株基因组同源性非常接近。通过PCR检测新分离的伪狂犬病毒,测序后发现毒株出现基因变异,与Bartha株比较,其毒力相关基因RR基因第31~36位出现6个连续碱基的缺失,免疫原g B基因的第224~232位发生9个碱基GCCCCGGCC的缺失。毒力基因的变化导致PRV毒株的毒力明显增强。针对我国新型猪伪狂犬病的流行情况、发生原因以及该病对我国养猪业造成的危害进行了分析讨论,对新型伪狂犬病的毒株变异现象、临床新表现、病理新变化以及诊断方法作了阐述,并提出了新型伪狂犬病的防制和净化措施。  相似文献   

Population genetic structure of Orchesella cincta (Collembola; Hexapoda) in NW Europe, as revealed by microsatellite markers     

Andr W.G. van der Wurff  Rieta Gols  Ger Ernsting  Nico M. van Straalen 《Pedobiologia》2005,49(2):167-174

We studied genetic variation and population differentiation in the springtail Orchesella cincta L. An earlier approach, using allozymes, revealed extremely low variation among and within populations from NW Europe. Microsatellite marker analysis showed higher genetic variation than allozymes, and agreed with the previously reported low population differentiation in the species. Analysis of molecular variance showed that genetic variation within populations amounted to 96.5% of the total variation, whereas the remaining 3.5% is accounted for by population differentiation. Population differentiation, as described by microsatellite markers and with the exception of one population, can be explained by an isolation by distance. Although the microsatellites are short, viz. only up to 12 repeat units, they appear to be useful tools in revealing population genetic structures in O. cincta.  相似文献   

1980-2017年孟加拉国城市扩张的景观格局变化特征及其模式     

石小倩  赵筱青  Jakariya M D  李思楠  普军伟 《水土保持通报》2021,41(2):275-283

[目的] 对1980—2017年孟加拉国城市扩张的景观格局变化特征及其模式进行研究，为该国及发展中国家的城市土地利用与管理提供差异化发展建议。[方法] 以“一带一路”沿线孟加拉国的4个主要城市Dhaka，Chittagong，Khulna和Sylhet为研究对象，分析1980，1990，2000，2010和2017年5期4个城市扩张过程中的景观格局变化特征，识别城市扩张模式。[结果] 1980—2017年，孟加拉国4个主要城市的扩张规模表现为：Dhaka > Chittagong > Khulna > Sylhet，扩张速度表现为：Sylhet > Dhaka > Chittagong > Khulna；4个城市扩张的景观格局变化趋势均表现为面积持续增加，优势度加强，破碎化程度波动上升。空间格局向复杂化和不规则化方向发展，空间形态逐渐多样化。1980—1990年，Dhaka，Chittagong和Sylhet这3个城市扩张的主要模式为外部扩张式，Khulna主要为邻接扩张式，1990—2017年，邻接扩张式成为4个城市扩张的主要模式，城市连片度逐渐增高。[结论] 1980年以来，孟加拉国城市持续扩张，景观格局发生显著变化，扩张模式总体呈由外部扩张式向邻接扩张式转变的趋势。  相似文献   

Prevalence of Mitral Valve Prolapse in Residents Living at Moderately High Altitude     

Tolga Sinan Güvenç  Yiğit Çanga  Yavuz Karabağ  Kaya Özen  Bahattin Balcı 《The Forestry Chronicle》2012,23(4):300-306

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Standing surgical removal of inspissated guttural pouch exudate (chondroids) in ten horses     

Perkins JD  Schumacher J  Kelly G  Gomez JH  Schumacher J 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(7):658-662

OBJECTIVE: To report use of a modified Whitehouse approach in standing horses for management of inspissated guttural pouch empyema. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Adult horses (n=10) with guttural pouch empyema. METHODS: Inspissated exudate in 1 or both guttural pouches was removed surgically through a modified Whitehouse approach, with the horses standing and sedated. Medical records of affected horses were reviewed to determine history; physical, endoscopic, and radiological examination findings; surgical technique; complications, and outcome. RESULTS: All horses had purulent nasal discharge; 3 horses had dysphagia, 2 had recurrent laryngeal neuropathy on the side affected by guttural pouch empyema, and 1 had persistent soft palate displacement. Inspissated exudate was removed safely without causing apparent discomfort. Eight horses returned to their previous level of athletic activity after surgery; 1 horse dysphagic before surgery, was euthanatized because of persistent dysphagia after surgery, and 1 horse died 1 week after surgery for unknown reasons. Streptococcus equi subsp equi was isolated from the affected guttural pouch of 3 horses. CONCLUSIONS: Inspissated exudate can be removed surgically from the guttural pouch in standing horses through a modified Whitehouse approach. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To eliminate risks associated with general anesthesia and avoid surgical suite contamination, removal of chondroids can be performed in standing sedated horses through a modified Whitehouse approach.  相似文献   

三种糖在不同饱和蒸汽压下对双歧杆菌喷雾干燥菌粉稳定性的影响     

刘思南  孟祥晨  张久龙 《东北农业大学学报》2008,39(10)

研究糖在不同饱和蒸汽压以及4℃储藏温度条件下,对喷雾干燥法制取的双歧杆菌菌粉的保护作用。分别以含有海藻糖、山梨醇和蔗糖的脱脂乳粉为喷粉基质,在进风温度为(140±2)℃、出风温度为(80±2)℃条件下,利用喷雾干燥法制备含有双歧杆菌的菌粉,根据不同饱和蒸汽压下菌粉活菌数的变化情况来评价3种糖对菌体的保护作用。结果表明,海藻糖为保护剂,11.4%饱和蒸汽压作为储藏条件对菌体的保护作用最好,其菌粉的水分含量为4.55%,喷粉后菌体的存活率为4.3%,储藏40 d后菌落下降不足一个数量级。制备的菌粉在上述条件下有良好的储藏稳定性,为高稳定性菌粉的工业化生产提供了参考。  相似文献   

杞麓湖流域生态安全性及在各因子中的变化特征     

赵筱青  谭琨  易琦  李思楠  苗培培  普军伟 《水土保持研究》2019,26(3):285-292

以杞麓湖流域主要生态环境问题为出发点,利用综合指数法、熵值法和GIS技术,选取坡度、海拔、植被覆盖度、土地覆盖类型、距水体距离、距其他建设用地距离、距居民点距离、距道路距离8个生态安全评价指标,对流域生态安全进行了评价,并分析了各单因子对生态安全影响的空间变化特征与形成机理。结果表明:（1）杞麓湖流域平均生态安全指数为2.59,生态安全以较低安全为主,占流域总面积的36.33%,中度安全和不安全次之,分别占流域总面积的23.36%和22.53%,高度安全面积最少,仅占17.77%。较低安全区主要分布在西北部、东南部和西南部,应加强对这些地区的生态保护建设;（2）通过对流域生态安全性及在各因子中的变化特征研究,表明在坡度较小和海拔较低区域以较低安全为主;有林地主要以高度安全为主,建设用地区不安全面积比例最大;距其他建设用地距离、距居民点距离和距道路距离越近生态不安全区面积越大,生态安全性越低;（3）流域生态安全性受多种因素综合影响,各因子间存在相互促进与相互抑制关系,植被覆盖度、土地覆盖类型、距其他建设用地距离、距居民点距离和距离道路远近因子对流域生态安全性有较大影响。  相似文献   

The effect of dietary n‐3 series fatty acids on the number of pleopadal egg and stage 1 juvenile in freshwater crayfish,Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz     

Muzaffer Mustafa Harlioğlu  Mehmet Nuri Çakmak  Kenan Köprücü  Önder Aksu  Ayşe Gül Harlioğlu  Serpil Mişe Yonar  Tuba Çakmak Duran  Sinan Özcan  Hande Gündoğdu 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(6):860-868

The effect of dietary n‐3 series fatty acids on the number of pleopadal egg and stage 1 juvenile in freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus was investigated. Crayfish were fed with n‐3 series fatty acids supplemented diets and a control diet for 251 days. Control diet did not comprise additional n‐3 series fatty acids. However, D2, D3 and D4 groups were supplemented with n‐3 series fatty acids at 1%, 2% and 3% level respectively. Results showed the beneficial effects of dietary n‐3 series fatty acids on the production of pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile number. At the end of the experiment, pleopodal egg (from 177 to 234) and stage 1 juvenile number (from 167 to 225) increased significantly with increased dietary n‐3 series fatty acid level. In addition, an increase in dietary n‐3 series fatty acids led to an increase in number of pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile produced per gram of female crayfish weight. It can be concluded that the reproductive efficiency of A. leptodactylus (i.e., pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile number) can be improved in controlled hatchery conditions by adding n‐3 series fatty acid into the diet of this species.  相似文献   

伪狂犬病病毒FS-2015株gE和gB基因序列分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庞旋飞  练斯南  伍建敏  万曾培  王征帆  李中圣  白挨泉 《中国畜牧兽医》2018,45(12):3524-3534

为了解猪伪狂犬病病毒（porcine pesudorabies virus,PRV）gB和gE基因变异及遗传演化情况,本研究针对PRV FS-2015野毒株,应用"蚀斑法"对组织病料中病毒进行三轮纯化,应用全长扩增引物对FS-2015株gB和gE基因进行全基因扩增,并对PCR产物进行测序和序列分析。结果显示,PRV FS-2015株的gB、gE基因与国内外PRV参考毒株的核苷酸同源性分别为97.0%~100.0%和97.5%~99.7%,氨基酸同源性分别为96.4%~100.0%和95.3%~99.7%。氨基酸变异位点分析表明,FS-2015株的gB和gE基因均有位点突变和缺失。遗传进化分析表明,FS-2015株与国内近几年分离的PRV变异株GY、ZJ01、HB1201、HN1201、JS2012、BJ-YT和BP属于同一分支,同源性较高,亲缘关系较近;与PRV经典株Kaplan、Becker、NIA3、Kolchis、Bartha和Yangsan株属于不同分支,同源性较低,亲缘关系较远。从PRV FS-2015毒株与国内外经典毒株和当前国内流行的变异毒株的分析结果可知,PRV FS-2015毒株发生了一定的变异,属于当前国内流行变异毒株。本研究结果为广东省伪狂犬病分子流行病学调查、伪狂犬病的防控和疫苗株挑选工作提供参考数据。  相似文献