New isoflavonoid glycosides and related constituents from astragali radix ( Astragalus membranaceus ) and their inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhang LJ  Liu HK  Hsiao PC  Kuo LM  Lee IJ  Wu TS  Chiou WF  Kuo YH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(4):1131-1137

Twenty-four secondary metabolites, including 16 isoflavonoids, 7 astragalasides, and 1 benzoquinone, have been isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Astragali radix). Among these isolated isoflavonoids, (-)-methylinissolin 3-O-β-d-(6'-acetyl)-glucoside (1), (-)-methylinissolin 3-O-β-d-{6'-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]}-glucoside (2), and calycosin 7-O-β-d-(6'-acetyl)-glucoside (3) have been identified as new compounds on the basis of spectroscopic analysis; (-)-methylinissolin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (4) was isolated from the natural products for the first time. The nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity of the major compounds has been assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. To identify A. membranaceus, a fingerprint method was developed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method. Furthermore, characteristic peaks for the 11 major compounds in the chromatogram were unambiguously confirmed.  相似文献   

Metabolite profiles for Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting bodies harvested at different culture ages and from different wood substrates     

Lin TY  Chen CY  Chien SC  Hsiao WW  Chu FH  Li WH  Lin CC  Shaw JF  Wang SY 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(14):7626-7635

Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious edible fungus endemic to Taiwan that has long been used as a folk remedy for health promotion and for treating various diseases. In this study, an index of 13 representative metabolites from the ethanol extract of A. cinnamomea fruiting body was established for use in quality evaluation. Most of the index compounds selected, particularly the ergostane-type triterpenoids and polyacetylenes, possess good anti-inflammation activity. A comparison of the metabolite profiles of different ethanol extracts from A. cinnamomea strains showed silmilar metabolites when the strains were grown on the original host wood (Cinnamomum kanehirai) and harvested after the same culture time period (9 months). Furthermore, the amounts of typical ergostane-type triterpenoids in A. cinnamomea increased with culture age. Culture substrates also influenced metabolite synthesis; with the same culture age, A. cinnamomea grown on the original host wood produced a richer array of metabolites than A. cinnamomea cultured on other wood species. We conclude that analysis of a fixed group of compounds including triterpenoids, benzolics, and polyacetylenes constitutes a suitable, reliable system to evaluate the quality of ethanol extract from A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies. The evaluation system established in this study may provide a platform for analysis of the products of A. cinnamomea.  相似文献   

Antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of Antrodia camphorata extract   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Hsiao G  Shen MY  Lin KH  Lan MH  Wu LY  Chou DS  Lin CH  Su CH  Sheu JR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(11):3302-3308

Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is well-known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of A. camphorata extracts to protect against oxidative stress in vitro and against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic injury in vivo. An extract of A. camphorata inhibited nonenzymatic iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates with an IC(50) value about 3.1 mg/mL. It also scavenged the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The dose of the A. camphorata extract resulting in a decrease of 0.20 in the absorbance of DPPH was about 31 +/- 0.7 microg/mL. Furthermore, an A. camphorata extract dose-dependently (250-1250 mg/kg) ameliorated the increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) levels caused by chronic repeated CCl(4) intoxication in mice. Moreover, A. camphorata extract significantly improved the CCl(4)-induced increase in hepatic glutathione peroxidase, reductase, and CCl(4)-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase activities. It also restored the decrement in the glutathione content and catalase activity of hepatic tissues in CCl(4)-intoxicated mice. Furthermore, it also dose-dependently inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidative products during CCl(4) treatment. Histopathological changes of hepatic lesions induced by CCl(4) were significantly ameliorated by treatment with an A. camphorata extract in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that A. camphorata extract exerts effective protection against chronic chemical-induced hepatic injury in vivo, by mediating antioxidative and free radical scavenging activities.  相似文献   

Cotton lint yield variability in a heterogeneous soil at a landscape scale     

Hong Li  Robert J. Lascano  Jill Booker  L. Ted Wilson  Kevin F. Bronson 《Soil & Tillage Research》2001,58(3-4):245-258

Landscape variability associated with topographic features affects the spatial pattern of soil water and N redistribution, and thus N uptake and crop yield. A landscape-scale study was conducted in a center pivot irrigated field on the southern High Plains of Texas in 1999 to assess soil water, soil NO₃-N, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yield, and N uptake variability in the landscape, and to determine the spatial correlation between these landscape variables using a state-space approach. The treatments were irrigation at 50 and 75% cotton potential evapotranspiration (ET). Neutron access tubes were placed at a 15-m interval along a 710 m (50% ET) and 820 m (75% ET) transect across the field. Soil NO₃-N in early spring was autocorrelated at a distance varying between 60 and 80 m. Measured soil volumetric water content (WC), total N uptake, and lint yield were generally higher on lower landscape positions. Cotton lint yield was significantly correlated to soil WC (r=0.76), soil NO₃-N (r=0.35), and site elevation (r=−0.54). Differences of site elevation between local neighboring points explained the soil water, NO₃-N and lint yield variability at the micro-scale level in the landscape. Soil WC, cotton lint yield, N uptake, and clay content were crosscorrelated with site elevation across a lag distance of ±30–40 m. The state-space analysis showed that cotton lint yield was positively weighted on soil WC availability and negatively weighted on site elevation. Cotton lint yield state-space models give insights on the association of soil physical and chemical properties, lint yield, and landscape processes, and have the potential to improve water and N management at the landscape-scale.  相似文献   

A Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System for Urban and Regional Scales: Application for High-Ozone Episode in Taiwan     

Z. Wang  T. Maeda  M. Hayashi  L.-F. Hsiao  K.-Y. Liu 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):391-396

A nested air quality prediction modeling system (NAQPMS) has been developed to investigate the various processes that govern the loading of chemical species and anthropogenic aerosols at various scales of atmospheric motions in urban and regional scales. The model employs flexible horizontal grid resolution with multiple multi-level nested grids with options for one-way and two-way nesting procedures in a spherical and terrain-following coordinate. The NAQPMS is driven using meteorological fields from the NCAR/Penn State Fifth-Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). Hourly pollutant levels of 71 stations covering Taiwan are used to evaluate the modeling system. Case simulation of a high-ozone episode occurred during April 13–15 1999 shows that the technique of the model nesting is capable of affording more realistic temporal and spatial structures of concentration fields, processes and precursors.  相似文献   

Bacterial translocation: clinical implications and prevention.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Douglass K Macintire  Ted L Bellhorn 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2002,32(5):1165-1178

The occurrence of BT has been well documented in experimental animal models of hemorrhagic shock, trauma, severe burns, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, and bacterial overgrowth. Translocation of viable bacteria and endotoxins into mesenteric lymph nodes and other gut-associated lymphatic tissue is thought to activate a complex interplay of mediators that initiates the SIRS. Multiple humoral and cellular systems cause synthesis, expression, and release of inflammatory mediators, such as toxic oxygen radicals, proteolytic enzymes, adherence molecules, and various cytokines. A massive sustained proinflammatory response can ultimately result in irreversible multiple organ dysfunction. Because BT is associated with splanchnic hypoperfusion, the cornerstone of therapy involves rapid resuscitation and restoration of tissue perfusion. If a septic focus can be identified, it should be removed. Gut protectants, promotility agents, antioxidants, and immune-enhancing diets have shown promise in improving length of survival in these critically ill patients.  相似文献   

Beef alliances: motivations, extent, and future prospects.     

Ted C Schroeder  Joseph Kovanda 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2003,19(2):397-417, vii

With their growth, it is important to consider how alliances will impact the beef industry in the future. Alliances have the potential to make sweeping changes to cattle production, live and feeder cattle marketing, food safety protocols, use of government grades and standards, ownership structure, supply chain management, wholesale and retail product marketing, risk management, and many other industry activities. In an effort to address these issues, this article addresses the following questions: What is an alliance? What has motivated their proliferation? What have we learned from alliances? What aspects of alliances affect their likelihood of success or failure? What is the future of alliances? Are they a fad or a long-term evolving industry structural change?  相似文献   

牛乳腺EST分析和牛基因索引功能的注释     

姚平  赵兴波 《中国畜牧兽医》2003,30(1):55-55

乳腺功能基因组学研究需要收集一些合适的cDNA序列来对各种亚细胞不同发育和运作阶段的基因表达形式进行评估。为了更好的捕捉基因表达的范围，我们用混合的牛乳腺细胞建立了1个标准化的cDNA文库，产生了23202个EST，存放的基因库中。这些在牛基因索引中带有序列的EST集形成当前23883个试验性分析序列中的5751个。5751个中的87％仅含有1－3个乳腺来源EST。相反，18％的乳腺EST有12个基因与TC序列相似，这些结果说明标准化文库仅有部分作用，因为EST中，能在泌乳过程中大量转录的基因的减少可能是由于合并引起的。为了更好的评价乳腺文库中的新内容，并把它们增加到现存的注释中（包括牛序列元件、基因一致性序列和人类基因组序列），我们对人和鼠基因诱变和在TOGA的基因非线性化进行测试，并把其结果增加到现有BtGI注释中。35000多个牛元件明显超过了人类基因组序列，而且一些与人类表达序列相关的排列（3％）的位置是独立的。由于3445TC序列与任何数据无明显相似性，代表这些元件中的23种乳腺源cDNA克隆被进一步进行分析用于表达和新异。其只驻有一个克隆符合标准，这相相应基因是一个分化的异端或表达对牛来说是特异的。结果说明，用作标志哺乳动物的转座轴和鉴定这些基因的牛序列表达数据仅针对反刍动物。  相似文献   

Acquired portosystemic shunting in 2 cats secondary to congenital hepatic fibrosis     

Zandvliet MM  Szatmári V  van den Ingh T  Rothuizen J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(5):765-767

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Ultrasonographic findings in dogs with hyperammonemia: 90 cases (2000-2002)     

Szatmári V  Rothuizen J  van den Ingh TS  van Sluijs F  Voorhout G 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(5):717-727

OBJECTIVE: To determine ultrasonographic abnormalities in dogs with hyperammonemia. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 90 client-owned dogs with hyperammonemia. PROCEDURE: Ultrasonography of the abdominal vessels and organs was performed in a systematic way. Dogs in which the ultrasonographic diagnosis was a congenital portosystemic shunt were included only if they underwent laparotomy or necropsy. Dogs in which the abdominal vasculature appeared normal and dogs in which the ultrasonographic diagnosis was acquired portosystemic shunts and portal hypertension were included only if liver biopsy specimens were submitted for histologic examination. RESULTS: Ultrasonography excluded portosystemic shunting in 11 dogs. Acquired portosystemic shunts were found in 17 dogs, of which 3 had arterioportal fistulae and 14 had other hepatic abnormalities. Congenital portosystemic shunts were found in 61 dogs, of which 19 had intrahepatic shunts and 42 had extrahepatic shunts. Intrahepatic shunts originated from the left portal branch in 14 dogs and the right portal branch in 5. Extrahepatic shunts originated from the splenic vein, the right gastric vein, or both and entered the caudal vena cava or the thorax. Ultrasonography revealed splenic-caval shunts in 24 dogs, right gastric-caval shunts in 9 dogs, splenic-azygos shunts in 8 dogs, and a right gastric-azygos shunt in 1 dog. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that ultrasonography is a reliable diagnostic method to noninvasively characterize the underlying disease in dogs with hyperammonemia. A dilated left testicular or ovarian vein was a reliable indicator of acquired portosystemic shunts.  相似文献