An approach to determining forest areas with recreational potential: The case of forest areas around main transportation roads in the Maçka Region of Trabzon,Turkey     

Nur Diktaş Bulut 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2018,37(3):286-301

It is most important to determine areas with recreation potential that can permit sustainable use of forest resources and also meet recreational uses. Under the method described in this study, using the Geographic Information System (GIS), a spatial suitability model for recreational use was combined with a recreational priority perceptual suitability model that depends on principal component analysis (PCA) and is based on the perceptions of both recreational users and experts. Using principal component analysis, five priority components explaining 69.371% of the total variance were identified out of 12 perceptual suitability components. These components are scenic beauty, accessibility, the surface of the landscape, tree type, and forest stand condition. The recreation terrain suitability value of an area with recreational potential was assessed with the assistance of these five priority components. This enabled us to generate a recreation terrain suitability value equation and a recreation terrain suitability value scale for a potential recreation area. This applicability of this approach was demonstrated in the identification of potential recreation areas in Trabzon, Turkey.  相似文献   

Ceratocystis platani is killing plane trees in Istanbul (Turkey)          下载免费PDF全文

A. Lehtijärvi  F. Oskay  H. T. Doğmuş Lehtijärvi  A. G. Aday Kaya  F. Pecori  A. Santini  S. Woodward 《Forest Pathology》2018,48(1)

Ceratocystis platani was detected at several locations in the European side of Istanbul, causing severe dieback and mortality, mainly on Platanus × acerifolia imported from Italy approximately 160 years ago, but also on Platanus orientalis. In the work reported here, the causal agent of the dieback and mortality was identified based on morphological characteristics in culture and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing, confirming the presence of C. platani in Turkey. All analysed C. platani isolates from Istanbul shared the same ITS sequence with European C. platani strains available in the NCBI, but differed from other species previously ascribed to the Ceratocystis fimbriata species complex. Pathogenicity of C. platani was proven by inoculation onto 25‐cm‐long and 4–9 mm diam. P. orientalis twigs and the causal agent reisolated from symptomatic tissues. In a survey of 976 Platanus in streets and parks of Istanbul, 26.5% of trees showed symptoms of C. platani infections, whilst 5.6% were dead. The proportion of symptomatic trees was higher where management interventions, such as topping or pruning and felling infected trees had been carried out.  相似文献   

Trichoscopic diagnosis of cutaneous Pelodera strongyloides infestation in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Rareş G. M. Căpitan  Chiara Noli 《Veterinary dermatology》2017,28(4):413-e100

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Radiological maps for fallout 7Be in forest soil horizons in a mountainous area of Turkey     

Özlem Karadeniz 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(4):586-597

Due to the paucity of data on separate spatial distribution of cosmogenic ⁷Be radionuclide activities in forest soil layers, a spatial study was performed in Mount Ida (Kazdagi)/Edremit, Turkey. In this study, it was aimed to examine the ⁷Be spatial variability and depth distribution in the surface soil layers. The ⁷Be activity concentrations were determined by HPGe gamma spectrometry system and the distributions of ⁷Be activities in the O_L and O_F + O_H horizons throughout the region were mapped separately. Activity concentrations of ⁷Be in O_L horizons and O_F+O_H horizons varied as 35 ± 23–701 ± 40 Bq kg^?1 and 0.96 ± 0.63–197 ± 11 Bq kg^?1, respectively. ⁷Be inventories (0.20 ± 0.06–5.69 ± 0.75 kBq m^?2) in the study area were relatively higher when compared with the other regions of the world. ⁷Be inventories increased with altitude, slope and the thickness of the humus layer in some of the investigated area. Average ⁷Be activity level in deciduous forest stand type was significantly higher than that for coniferous and mixed stand types. Our limited data could not provide a latitudinal distribution pattern of ⁷Be soil inventory or precipitation dependence and further investigation is needed.  相似文献   

Description of the rusts from Kemaliye (Erzincan,Turkey)     

Makbule Erdoğdu  Elşad Hüseyin  Zekiye Suludere 《Phytoparasitica》2010,38(1):81-93

Twenty-two rust diseases caused by Melampsora euphorbiae, M. lini var. lini, Phragmidium mucronatum var. mucronatum, Ph. sanguisorbae, Gymnosporangium cornutum, G. confusum, G. tremelloides, Puccinia acarnae, P. annularis, P. eryngii, P. heterophyllae, P. hieracii, P. jasmini, P. menthae, P. nigrescens, P. pulverulenta, P. punctata, Uromyces dianthi, U. pisi-sativi, U. polygoni-avicularis, U. striatus and Pileolaria terebinthi were identified from Kemaliye (Erzincan) in Turkey. Puccinia heterophyllae is reported for the first time from Turkey.  相似文献   

Seawater exposure effect on the fracture toughness of low-density woods/GRP sandwich systems     

Gökdeniz Neşer 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(2):154-159

The effect of seawater exposure on the fracture toughness of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale L.) and end-grain balsa cores that are widely used in small-craft constructive members has been investigated experimentally in this study. The interfacial fracture toughness was determined using mode I cracked sandwich beam (CSB) tests. Additionally, the same tests were performed for poplar (Populus tremula L.), easily available because of its natural distribution along the coast of Turkey and more cost-effective than balsa and its derivatives, to see if it is a proper alternative. It was found that balsa and poplar cores that can be classified as low-density cores have much lower fracture toughness values than end-grain balsa cores. Additionally, there was a positive effect of seawater exposure on their fracture toughness as opposed to that of the end-grain core. From the aspect of fracture toughness, the poplar core can be considered much more reliable than the balsa core where delamination loads occur.  相似文献   

Brooding temperatures for chicks acclimated to heat during incubation: effects on post-hatch intestinal development and body weight under heat stress     

M. Akşit  Ç. Yenisey  D. Özdemir 《British poultry science》2010,51(3):444-452

1.?The objective was to evaluate the effects of brooding temperature on intestinal development, oxidative organ damage, and performance of chicks acclimated to high temperature during incubation. The effects of acclimation and brooding temperatures on slaughter weights of broilers under heat stress were also investigated.

2.?Eggs were incubated at either 37?8°C (INC_Cont) or heat-acclimated at 39?5°C for 6 h daily from d 10 to d 18 of incubation (INC_H). Brooding temperatures at floor level were set at 32, 33?5 and 35°C (Bt₃₂, Bt_33?5, Bt₃₅, respectively) for the first 5 d. The temperature was reduced gradually to 30°C from d 6 to d 10. From 21 to 42 d, broilers from INC_Cont Bt₃₂ and INC_H Bt₃₂ and Bt₃₅ were divided into two groups; half from each group was exposed to daily cyclic higher ambient temperatures, while the other half was reared at control temperature.

3.?INC_H chicks had lower jejunum, but greater liver and residual yolk sac weights than INC_Cont chicks on the day of hatching. Although INC_H chicks from Bt_33?5 and Bt₃₅ had lighter body weights than Bt₃₂ on d 5, no significant differences were observed in the body weight of broilers among treatments at 10 and 21 d.

4.?Similar jejunum protein, alkaline phosphatase, maltase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde contents of chicks from INC_Cont and INC_H suggested that heat acclimation during incubation has no effect on jejunum enzyme activity or oxidative status of chicks.

5.?Taking into account INC_H Bt₃₅ chicks having lower T₃ levels on d 5, lower heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios and similar weights at 42 d under heat stress compared with control broilers, the results suggested that although higher brooding temperatures had no effect on body weights of INC_H chicks during the brooding period, those broilers may able to cope better with heat stress.  相似文献   

Inter‐ and intra‐individual differences in serum copper and zinc concentrations after feeding different amounts of copper and zinc over two lactations     

M. Spolders  S. Öhlschläger  J. Rehage  G. Flachowsky 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(2):162-173

The influence of different copper and zinc contents in rations on blood serum concentrations was tested in a feeding trial at the Institute of Animal Nutrition of the Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI). A total of 60 German Holstein breed cows (38 first lactating and 22 second lactating cows) were tested. All animals received a diet based on maize‐ and grass silage ad libitum. The animals were divided into two groups with 30 cows each. Group A received concentrates supplemented with copper and zinc as recommended, whereas Group B was offered a concentrate with roughly double the amount of copper and zinc. Blood samples were taken several times during the lactation. The concentrations of copper and zinc in the serum were measured and correlations between trace element intake and their serum concentrations were calculated. The mean dry matter intake was significantly higher for cows in the second lactation (19.1 kg/day) than for cows in the first lactation (16.4 kg/day), whereas the DM‐intake was constant in the different feeding groups (17.3 and 17.4 kg/day). The correlation between feed intake in the first and the second lactation was r = 0.76. The copper concentration in the serum was not influenced by the different feedings (11.9 and 12.5 μmol/l), but high variations were found between the cows. The influence of the lactation number was not significant (12.1 and 12.4 μmol/l). In contrast to copper, the zinc concentration in the serum was significantly higher for Group B (14.0 μmol/l) than for Group A (12.2 μmol/l), respectively, for second lactating cows (13.8 μmol/l) in relation to 12.7 μmol/l for first lactating cows. The individual variation was also high as for copper. Neither the correlation between copper intake and copper serum concentration nor the correlation between zinc intake and zinc serum concentration was significant.  相似文献   

Intralesional bovine papillomavirus DNA loads reflect severity of equine sarcoid disease     

R. HARALAMBUS  J. BURGSTALLER  J. KLUKOWSKA‐RÖTZLER  R. STEINBORN  S. BUCHINGER  V. GERBER  S. BRANDT 《Equine veterinary journal》2010,42(4):327-331

Reasons for performing study: Sarcoids are nonmetastasising, yet locally aggressive skin tumours that constitute the most frequent neoplasm in equids. Infection by bovine papillomaviruses types 1 and 2 (BPV‐1, BPV‐2) has been recognised as major causative factor in sarcoid pathogenesis, but a possible correlation of intralesional virus load with disease severity has not been established thus far. Hypothesis: Given the pathogenic role of BPV‐1 and BPV‐2 in sarcoid disease, we suggest that intralesional viral DNA concentration may reflect the degree of affection. Methods: Severity of disease was addressed by recording the tumour growth kinetics, lesion number and tumour type for 37 sarcoid‐bearing horses and one donkey. Viral load was estimated via quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) of the E2, E5, L1 and L2 genes from the BPV‐1/‐2 genome for one randomly selected lesion per horse and correlated with disease severity. Results: Quantitative PCR against E2 identified viral DNA concentrations ranging from 0–556 copies/tumour cell. Of 16 horses affected by quiescent, slowly growing single tumours or multiple mild‐type lesions, 15 showed a viral load up to 1.4 copies per cell. In stark contrast, all equids (22/22) bearing rapidly growing and/or multiple aggressive sarcoids had a viral load between 3 and 569 copies per cell. Consistent results were obtained with qPCR against E5, L1 and L2. Conclusions: While tumours of the same clinical type carried variable virus load, confirming that viral titre does not determine clinical appearance, we identified a highly significant correlation between intralesional viral load and disease severity. Potential relevance: The rapid determination of BPV viral load will give a reliable marker for disease severity and may also be considered when establishing a therapeutic strategy.  相似文献   

Five-year effects of cutting and herbicide treatments on control of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhododendron flavum</Emphasis> Don., and macronutrient pools in eastern beech (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus orientalis</Emphasis> Lipsky) forests of Turkey     

Oktay Yildiz  Derya Eşen  Shepard M. Zedaker 《New Forests》2010,40(2):175-184

This experiment was carried out in a mature (>100-year-old) eastern beech forest in the Eastern Black Sea Region (BSR) of Turkey. The effects of experimental practices to control the woody plant Rhododendron flavum Don., including grubbing, manual cutting, and foliar and cut-stump spraying with imazapyr and triclopyr, were assessed on understory and forest floor biomass and nutrients, as well as soil bulk density and nutrient content. The cut plots had 5, 15, and 38 times greater competing vegetation biomass than did the plots treated with triclopyr, grubbing, and imazapyr, respectively. Because of the increased biomass, the amount of understory N, P, Ca, K, S, and Mg content on the cut plots was also substantially higher when compared to the grubbed, imazapyr-treated, and triclopyr-treated plots. Triclopyr and imazapyr applications brought about two- and threefold greater dead organic matter on the forest floor than did cutting and grubbing, respectively. As a result, forest floor macronutrient contents on the imazapyr- and triclopyr-treated plots were significantly greater than on the cut plots. Five years after treatments, soil bulk density at the 10–20 cm depth on the imazapyr-sprayed plots was about 14% higher than that on other treatments. Herbicides, especially imazapyr and grubbing were effective in controlling rhododendron. Macronutrients stored in the rhododendron were released to the forest floor after vegetation was controlled with herbicides.  相似文献