Effects of the Administration of Lactobacilli,Maltodextrins and Fructooligosaccharides upon the Adhesion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis> O8:K88 to the Intestinal Mucosa and Organic Acid Levels in the Gut Contents of Piglets     

Nemcová R  Bomba A  Gancarcíková S  Reiffová K  Guba P  Koscová J  Jonecová Z  Sciranková L  Bugarský A 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(7):791-800

The influence of the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX fructooligosaccharides on the inhibition of adhesion of E. coli O8:K88 to the mucosa of the jejunum, ileum and colon as well as on the organic acid levels was investigated in 33 conventional piglets. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the jejunal mucosa were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX groups. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the colonic mucosa of Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 animals. The acetic acid levels in the ileum and colon of the Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX group and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 group. The combination of Lact. plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX proved to be the most effective one to inhibit the counts of E. coli O8:K88 adhering to the intestinal mucosa of the jejunum and colon of conventional piglets.  相似文献   

Zusammenfassende Betrachtung der Kenntnisse über die Roßkastanien-miniermotte,Cameraria ohridella Desch. & Dem. (Lep., Gracillariidae)     

V. Skuhravý 《Journal of pest science》1999,72(4):95-99

An overview of knowledge about the horse chestnut minerCameraria abridella Desch. & Dem. (Lep., Gracillariidae), a pest developing in leaf mines ofAesculus bippocastanum, spread gradually from the Ohrid-Lake (Macedonia) through Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia up to the central Europe (fig.). At present (1999) it occurs in northern Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Czech and Slovak Republics, Austria, southern and central Germany and in southern Poland. Usually three, but up to five generations develop a year in central-European conditions.C. obridella develops also in leaf mines onAcer pseudoplatanus andA. platanoides. The parasitation is 1–8% and seems not to increase. Heavily attacked trees do not die; only rarely the dying of heavily damaged trees have been observed. Several insecticides may be used to control of this pest. The most successful was the growth-regulator Dimilin with active substance of Diflubenzurol. In the future it will be possible to control populations ofCameraria obridella by pheromones. The future development of this pest and its control is discussed.   相似文献   

Adaptation of native syrphid flies to new exotic plant (Impatiens spp.)-aphidant associations in Central Europe (Dipt., Syrphidae; Hom., Aphididae; Hym., Formicidae)     

P. Starý Dr Sc.  P. Láska Csc. 《Journal of pest science》1999,72(3):72-75

Impatiens parviflora andI. glandulifera, two invasive touchme-not species of exotic origin were found to be associated with two aphid groups in Central Europe: a) Exotic species subsequently following their invasive plant hosts (Impatientinum asiaticum Nevsky), b) native species secondarily adapted to the new exotic hosts (Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis Scop.). The species number (listed) of associated syrphid flies in the newly developed guilds was rather high, consisting of broadly oligophagous species. The plant phenology and adaptation of the aphids have resulted in associations which apparently represent seasonally significant sources of prey, their importance apparently increasing with the decreasing season. Antattendance was determined in both aphid species, and no adverse interference with the preying syrphid larvae was observed. In spite of an overall classification of the target plants as expansive weeds, they are classified positively as contributing to the enhancement of syrphid fly populations in the biocorridors in the cultivated landscape.  相似文献   

Zur Verwendung von Rasterstichproben für die Fortschreibung, Nutzungsplanung und Behandlungsverbesserung in einem Forstbetrieb     

Ján Ďurský 《European Journal of Forest Research》1999,118(1-6):314-325

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Bioindication of Different Stresses in Forest Decline Studies in Slovenia     

F. Batič  P. Kalan  H. Kraigher  H. Šircelj  P. Simončič  N. Vidergar-Gorjup  B. Turk 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,116(1-2):377-382

Determination of the stresses operating on a forest ecosystem demands the use of several bioindication methods. Air quality indicators were assessed from an inventory of forest decline based on the assessment of tree crowns and epiphytic lichens. Photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid and major macronutrients were studied in Norway spruce needles as indicators of physiological and biochemical stress. Analyses were carried out on selected forest plots in polluted areas (Zasavje district, vicinity of thermal power plants) and predominantly unpolluted areas (Triglav National Park, Julian Alps, Slovenia). For some bioindication methods, there was good agreement with measured air quality and climatological parameters. The best agreement was found between total foliar sulphur in needles and epiphytic lichens, especially in more polluted areas. Agreement with forest decline inventories and analyses of some needle stress physiological/biochemical parameters was less convincing. The strength of agreement was further decreased by soil characteristics and climatic parameters, influenced also by biotic parameters and forest stand history and management. It was concluded that there is no simple bioindication method available to evaluate the vitality of a forest.  相似文献   

The influence of diel period on fish assemblage in the unstructured littoral of reservoirs     

M. ŘÍHA  J. KUBEČKA  M. PRCHALOVÁ  T. MRKVIČKA  M. ČECH  V. DRAŠTÍK  J. FROUZOVÁ  E. HOHAUSOVÁ  T. JŮZA  M. KRATOCHVÍL  J. PETERKA  M. TUŠER  M. VAŠEK 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2011,18(4):339-347

Abstract Diel changes in littoral fish assemblage were studied in four reservoirs in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). The sampling was performed by beach seining in an unstructured littoral zone. Perch, Perca fluviatilis L., roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), bream, Abramis brama (L.), carp, Cyprinus carpio L., ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua (L.), pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.) and A. brama × R. rutilus hybrids exhibited higher densities at night. Only bleak, Alburnus alburnus (L.) exhibited higher densities during the day. The number of species was higher in night hauls, and mean body size of roach and bleak was also higher at night. Diel changes in fish densities resulted in the change in species composition between day and night. The study has implication for the sampling design to assess littoral fish assemblages using beach seine netting and recommends night sampling for a representative assessment or sampling during both diel periods for a robust assessment.  相似文献   

Differences in the crude protein fractions of lucerne leaves and stems under different stand structures          下载免费PDF全文

J. Hakl  P. Fuksa  J. Konečná  J. Šantrůček 《Grass and Forage Science》2016,71(3):413-423

Protein degradability in forage legumes is of global importance because utilization efficiency of forage has economic and environmental consequences. However, there are no published studies on the effect of legume stand structure on differences in crude protein (CP) fractions. The main objective of the present research was therefore to investigate differences in CP fractions in leaves and stems of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) during the growing season. Stand traits were measured over 2 years, and forage was sampled at the early bud and early flower stages in the first, second and third cuts. Stems had significantly higher concentrations (in g kg^?1 CP) of non‐protein (fraction A: 430 g kg^?1 CP) and indigestible nitrogen (fraction C: 92 g kg^?1 CP) than leaves and had lower relative content of true protein (fraction B: 478 g kg^?1 CP). In the total forage (stems and leaves combined), about 80% of the variation in CP fractions was explained by year, cut and maturity. Year was the most important factor, particularly for the B fractions. Cut was the second‐most important factor; its main effect was that the relative abundance of fraction A declined from 394 g kg^?1 CP in the first cut to 293 in g kg^?1 CP the third cut. Maturity increased the amounts of indigestible fraction C and protein fractions B₁ and B₃. This was associated with the leaf weight ratio, which had an inverse relationship with maximal stem length and dry matter yield. Variation partitioning showed that 75% of CP fraction variability associated with cut, maturity and year could be explained by the evaluated stand traits. This research has highlighted the need to consider plant morphological traits when legume CP fractions are evaluated.  相似文献   

How Selenium Affects Berula erecta     

Špela Mechora  Metka Sotler  Andreja Urbanek Krajnc  Jana Ambrožič-Dolinšek 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(12):451

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A case study of FD and BN phytoplasma variability in Croatia: multigene sequence analysis approach     

Plavec  Jelena  Križanac  Ivana  Budinšćak  Željko  Škorić  Dijana  Musić  Martina Šeruga 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,142(3):591-601

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Uncultivable bacteria from the genus ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ are associated with grapevine yellows (GY) diseases worldwide. In Euro-Mediterranean...  相似文献   

Attraction of Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) beetles by lure-baited insecticide-treated tripod trap logs and trap trees     

J. Lubojacký 《国际虫害防治杂志》2014,60(3):153-159

The numbers of Ips typographus beetles captured by lure-baited insecticide-treated tripod trap logs (TRIPODs) versus classic trap trees (TRAP TREEs) were compared in a spruce forest in northeastern Czech Republic in the year 2012. During the time of I. typographus flight activity (22 April–24 August), TRAP TREEs were periodically deployed and replaced, while TRIPODs were deployed at the start of flight activity, and lure and insecticide were periodically refreshed. The numbers of I. typographus beetles captured was significantly greater on TRAP TREEs than on TRIPODs during the first sampling period (22 April–25 May) but did not differ between the two kinds of traps in the subsequent sampling periods (26 May–29 June, 30 June–27 July, or 28 July–24 August). More females than males were captured by both kinds of trap. Similarly, more beetles were captured in the spring (April–June) than in the summer (July–August) by both trap models. The main advantages of TRIPODs compared to the TRAP TREEs are twofold: first, that pheromone lures will make any spruce timber attractive to I. typographus; and second, that logs need not be decontaminated at a particular time and, consequently, they require significantly less surveillance.  相似文献