22个紫花苜蓿品种种子萌发期耐盐性综合评价     

宫文龙  赵桂琴  刘欢 《草原与草坪》2017,(5):35-40

为快速、有效地鉴定紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种的耐盐性,筛选耐盐种质,在室内模拟盐分的条件下,通过培养皿纸上发芽法,用4个不同浓度(0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%)NaCl溶液对22个苜蓿品种进行萌发试验,测定其发芽势、发芽率、芽长及根长,并通过打分法对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高,供试苜蓿品种的发芽势、发芽率、芽长及根长均呈下降趋势。低浓度盐胁迫可促进苜蓿生长,高浓度严重抑制苜蓿种子萌发。22个苜蓿品种中耐盐性最强的为三得利、新牧1号和生存者,最弱的为哥萨克721。1.2%NaCl对苜蓿品种耐盐性的鉴别力最强,22个品种的耐盐性在此浓度处理下分化最大。  相似文献   

化学诱变剂EMS和MNU对燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响     

李娟宁  吕英  赵桂琴  柴继宽  蔺豆豆  王苗苗 《草原与草坪》2021,41(3):108-118

用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)、N-甲基-N-亚硝基脲(MNU)2种化学诱变剂,分别对3个燕麦品种(爱沃、陇燕4号、贝勒2代)进行不同浓度、不同时间的浸种诱变处理,测定其发芽率、发芽势和相对致死率、幼苗根长、芽长等指标,探究不同化学诱变剂对燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,筛选半致死处理,为燕麦化学诱变育种提供基础数据.结果 表明:诱变剂处理显著影响了燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长,其中诱变剂浓度的效应远大于处理时间和品种的效应,EMS和MNU浓度所引起的发芽率的差异平方和分别占总平方和的89.51％和62.76％.随着EMS、MNU浓度的增加,燕麦种子的发芽势、发芽率呈下降趋势,相对致死率显著上升.诱变剂对燕麦幼苗生长表现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的效应,低浓度下燕麦根长和芽长显著大于对照,高浓度下则明显降低.燕麦品种对诱变剂的反应不尽相同,爱沃的耐受性最好,贝勒2代对诱变剂处理最敏感.EMS处理下,爱沃的半致死最佳处理组合是0.25％/17 h和0.75％/14 h;陇燕4号的是0.25％/17 h、0.50％/14 h和0.75％/5 h;贝勒2代的分别为0.25％/11 h、0.50％/8 h和0.75％/5 h.MNU处理,爱沃的最佳半致死处理组合为0.30％/8 h,陇麦4号为0.25％/11h,贝勒2代为0.20％/11 h.  相似文献   

祁连山区轮作对燕麦土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

鲁金香  柴继宽  赵桂琴  魏孔涛  杨震 《草原与草坪》2023,(3):108-117

【目的】通过燕麦与油菜、箭筈豌豆、青稞、大麦等作物轮作，研究该种植模式对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量的影响。【方法】在山丹马场连续 3 年种植燕麦的地块上，设 6 个处理，分别种植箭筈豌豆、燕麦+箭筈豌豆、油菜、青稞、大麦、燕麦，研究不同处理下土壤酶活性及微生物数量的变化情况。 【结果】土壤酶活性随土层加深而逐渐下降，轮作较连作显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性；燕麦与豆科轮作的土壤酶活性明显高于它与禾本科轮作，其中以燕麦-箭筈豌豆轮作效果最显著，开花期 0~20 cm 土层土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性较连作分别增加了 55. 92%、 20. 36% 和 51. 47%。轮作也显著增加了土壤微生物数量，其中燕麦→箭筈豌豆处理下增幅最大，0~ 10、10~20 和 20~30cm 土层土壤细菌数量较连作分别增加了 23. 34%、16. 51% 和 38. 92%（P＜0. 05）； 真菌数量分别增加了 110%、135. 29% 和 150%；放线菌数量分别增加 112. 65%、107. 41% 和 175. 38%。【结论】燕麦与豆科轮作对土壤酶活性和微生物数量的提高幅度显著大于它与禾本科轮作。 在祁连山区燕麦生产中，燕麦与箭筈豌豆轮作有望修复连作障碍，改善土壤环境。  相似文献   

燕麦抗倒伏性研究进展     

南铭  柴继宽  景芳  张丽娟  闵庚梅  刘亚锋  刘彦明  李晶  赵桂琴 《草地学报》2023,(9):2582-2589

倒伏是影响燕麦产量和品质的重要因素之一，也是目前燕麦育种和生产中亟需解决的突出问题。加强燕麦抗倒伏生理和分子机制的系统研究，对促进燕麦抗倒伏种质创新和丰产高效栽培具有重要意义。基于此，本文对燕麦倒伏方面的研究进行了系统总结，梳理了燕麦倒伏发生的影响因素和抗倒伏性鉴定评价现状，综述了燕麦抗倒伏形态学、生理学及解剖学等方面的研究进展，归纳了植株形态、理化物质、栽培措施等与燕麦倒伏的关系。并针对燕麦茎秆力学性能与内源物质合成，抗倒伏相关性状全基因组关联分析(Genome wide association study, GWAS)分析及数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus, QTL)定位，功能基因挖掘与分子机制解析等研究进行了展望，旨在为我国燕麦遗传改良和抗倒品种选育提供参考，进而推动燕麦抗逆性研究的发展。  相似文献   

Relationship between lodging resistance of oats and the basal internode stem characteristics and lignin synthesis北大核心CSCD     

南铭  李晶  赵桂琴  柴继宽  刘彦明 《草业学报》2022,31(11):172-180

Lodging is one of the important factors affecting yield and quality in oat crops. This research studied the physiological mechanisms of lodging resistance in oats，with a view to guiding future breeding. Mengyan 1 and Bayan 6 oat were included in this study as lodging-resistant varieties，while Dingyan 2 and Qingyin 2 were included as lodging-susceptible varieties. Data were collected on the morphological characteristics of basal elongation and differences in the contents of acid detergent fiber，neutral detergent fiber，cellulose and lignin and activities of key enzymes，for these oat cultivars with different lodging susceptibilities，so as to investigate the relationship between the lodging resistance of oats and the morphological characteristics and lignin content and synthase activity in the second-phase elongation at the base of stem. It was found that the amount of lodging among resistant cultivars was lighter and the lodging rate was lower than that of cultivars. The lengths of the second internode at the stem base of lodging easy cultivars were 34. 17% higher than those of lodging resistant cultivars. The internode diameter，stem wall thickness，stem weight，density，diameter，force and stem puncture force values of lodging resistant cultivars at the second internode of the stem base were，respectively，29.11%，26. 18%，25.80%，27.97%，34.61%，36.23% and 36. 60% higher than those of lodging-susceptible cultivars. The stem lignin and cellulose contents of cultivars resistant to lodging were significantly （P<0. 05） higher than those of cultivars susceptible to lodging. Lignin content was significantly （P<0. 01） positively correlated with the internode breaking force and puncture strength of the second internode at the stem base （r=0.9862 and r=0.9638，respectively），and significantly negatively correlated with the observed lodging rate（P<0.05，r=−0.9407）. Lignin synthetase tyrosine ammonialyase，phenylalanine aminotransferase，cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and 4-coumaric acid of CoA ligase in stems of lodging-resistant cultivars showed higher activities，resulting in accumulation of lignin at the internodes of the second elongation at the base of stem，which increased the lignification of cell walls and the mechanical strength of stems，and thus enhanced lodging resistance of the oats. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

自然老化和人工老化对燕麦种子萌发特性及遗传完整性的影响     

黄颖  刘欢  赵桂琴  王绮玉  罗建民  姚瑞瑞 《草地学报》2022,30(8):2066-2074

为研究自然老化(2~8年)和人工老化(温度45℃，相对湿度95%，24~96 h)对燕麦种子活力和遗传完整性的影响，比较两种老化方法的差异，本试验以皮燕麦(Avena sativa L.)'陇燕3号’和裸燕麦(Avena nuda L.)'白燕2号’为供试材料，研究种子活力、细胞膜透性和遗传完整性的变化情况。结果表明：随着老化程度的加深，燕麦种子发芽率、活力指数和遗传相似系数均有所下降，电导率升高；ISSR-PCR共检测出108个位点，多态性位点百分率达78.70%，遗传相似系数在0.504 5~0.973 0之间；与自然老化相比，人工老化群体的遗传参数明显降低，人工老化96 h的燕麦与未老化燕麦的遗传相似系数仅为0.681 2，遗传完整性被破坏，应试燕麦种质的临界发芽率在79.50%~84.00%之间。人工老化对2种燕麦种质遗传物质的损伤比自然老化更大，'陇燕3号’比'白燕2号’更耐贮藏，且2个燕麦品种的贮藏时间均不宜超过6年。  相似文献   

Effects of altitude and variety on nutrient levels and epiphytes of oats北大核心CSCD     

赵桂琴  琚泽亮  柴继宽 《草业学报》2022,31(11):147-157

Oat crops are a major animal feed source in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and nearby areas. Typically，the crops are used for making silage rather than hay because of frequent rain at harvest in autumn. However，there is little data on how the yield，forage quality and levels of epiphytes that may affect silage quality of different oat varieties are affected by altitude. Therefore，four oat varieties（Longyan No. 3，Longyan No. 5，Baiyan No. 2 and Bayou No. 3） were planted in 8 localities forming an altitude gradient： Huangzhong （2295 m），Tianzhu （2797 m），Shandan （2860 m），Hezuo （2957 m），Haiyan （3052 m），Maqu （3474 m），Maqin （3765 m）and Chengduo （4217 m）. Measurements included crop yield and dry matter （DM），water soluble carbohydrate （WSC），crude protein （CP），neutral detergent fiber （NDF）and acid detergent fiber （ADF）contents，and counts of lactic acid bacteria （LAB），molds，yeasts and aerobic bacteria. It was found that there were significant altitude and variety effects on fresh yield，nutritional quality and microbial epiphyte counts. With increase in altitude，fresh yield，WSC，NDF and LAB counts increased（P<0.05），as much as 284. 00%，15. 49%，10.81% and 11.60% increment were observed at Chengduo site than that at Huangzhong，respectively；meanwhile DM，CP and yeast and mold counts were reduced by 15. 67%，36.27%，23.53% and 7.75% at Chengduo compared with Huangzhong site，respectively. Among the four tested varieties，Longyan No. 5 had the highest fresh yield （75605 kg·ha−1），WSC （201.4 g·kg-1 DM） and NDF （604. 2 g·kg-1 DM） at the Chengduo site，followed by Longyan No. 3. The highest CP （119.7 g· kg-1 DM） and mold counts （4.12 lg cfu·g-1 FM） were observed in Baiyan No. 2 at the Huangzhong site. Bayou No. 3 produced the highest LAB and yeast counts at Maqin and Chengduo sites. In general，Longyan No. 3 and Longyan No. 5 gave better performance at sites above 3000 m altitude；for sites below 3000 m，the four tested varieties were all found to be suitable for silage production. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

叠氮化钠诱变燕麦M1代的主要性状分析     

蔺豆豆  赵桂琴  柴继宽  宫文龙  苏玮娟  张丽睿 《草地学报》2022,30(3):587-593

为明确叠氮化钠(NaN₃)处理后燕麦(Avena sativa) M1代植株主要性状的变化，本研究以两个燕麦品种‘爱沃’(‘Everleaf’)和‘青永久709’(‘Qingyongjiu 709’)种子为材料，设置不同叠氮化钠浓度(0，5，10，15，20mM)和不同处理时间(1，2，3h)，将处理后的种子播到田间，观察M1代植株的农艺性状，并对主要性状进行测定分析。结果表明，NaN₃处理后燕麦M1代的生育期较对照推迟2~5d，株高和主穗粒数明显下降且‘青永久709’的降幅更大，在15mM/3h处理下，与对照相比，其株高和主穗粒数分别下降了24.06%和76.69%。另外，两品种燕麦M1代旗叶长也低于对照，但旗叶宽却高于对照，从而对旗叶面积造成影响。其中‘青永久709’的M1代旗叶面积总体大于对照，但‘爱沃’平均减小了7.23%。NaN₃处理后燕麦M1代各指标均发生了不同程度的变化，其中有效分蘖数和主穗粒重的变化最大。‘爱沃’和‘青永久709’的M1代主穗粒重最大变异系数分别为87.92%和90.80%。主成分分析表明，两品种被清晰地划分为两个彼此独立的类群，不同品种的诱变群体也分属不同的亚群，且‘青永久709’的M1代各指标的变化幅度总体大于‘爱沃’。  相似文献   

20份饲草型燕麦品种的抗倒伏性研究     

南铭  赵桂琴  柴继宽 《草原与草坪》2019,39(5)

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