PRRSV2 genetic diversity defined by RFLP patterns in the United States from 2007 to 2019     

Giovani Trevisan  Aditi Sharma  Phillip Gauger  Karen M. Harmon  Jianqiang Zhang  Rodger Main  Michael Zeller  Leticia C. M. Linhares  Daniel C. L. Linhares 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(5):920

The genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) increases over time. In 1998, restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analysis was introduced to differentiate PRRSV wild-type strains from VR2332, a reference strain from which a commercial vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV) was derived. We have characterized here the PRRSV genetic diversity within selected RFLP families over time and U.S. geographic space, using available ISU-VDL data from 2007 to 2019. The 40,454 ORF5 sequences recovered corresponded to 228 distinct RFLPs. Four RFLPs [2-5-2 (21.2%), 1-7-4 (15.6%), 1-4-4 (11.8%), and 1-8-4 (9.9%)] represented 58.5% of all ORF5 sequences and were used for cluster analysis. Over time, there was increased detection of RFLPs 2-5-2, 1-7-4, 1-3-4, 1-3-2, and 1-12-4; decreased detection of 1-4-2, 1-18-4, 1-18-2, and 1-2-2; and different detection trends for 1-8-4, 1-4-4, 1-26-1, 1-22-2, and 1-2-4. An over-time cluster analysis revealed a single cluster for RFLP 2-5-2, supporting that sequences within RFLP 2-5-2 are still relatively conserved. For 1-7-4, 1-4-4, and 1-8-4, there were multiple clusters. State-wise cluster analysis demonstrated 4 main clusters for RFLP 1-7-4 and 1-8-4, and 6 for RFLP 1-4-4. For the other RFLPs, there was a significant genetic difference within them, particularly between states. RFLP typing is limited in its ability to discriminate among different strains of PRRSV. Understanding the magnitude of genetic divergence within RFLPs helps develop PRRSV regional control programs, placement, herd immunization strategies, and design of appropriate animal movements across borders to minimize the risk of PRRSV transmission.  相似文献   

Antinociceptive effects after oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)     

D Sanchez-Migallon Guzman  MJ Souza  JM Braun  SK Cox  NS Keuler  JR Paul-Murphy 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(8):1148-1152

Objective-To evaluate antinociceptive effects on thermal thresholds after oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Animals-15 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Procedures-2 crossover experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 15 parrots received 3 treatments (tramadol at 2 doses [10 and 20 mg/kg] and a control suspension) administered orally. In the second experiment, 11 parrots received 2 treatments (tramadol hydrochloride [30 mg/kg] and a control suspension) administered orally. Baseline thermal foot withdrawal threshold was measured 1 hour before drug or control suspension administration; thermal foot withdrawal threshold was measured after administration at 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours (both experiments) and also at 9 hours (second experiment only). Results-For the first experiment, there were no overall effects of treatment, hour, period, or any interactions. For the second experiment, there was an overall effect of treatment, with a significant difference between tramadol hydrochloride and control suspension (mean change from baseline, 2.00° and -0.09°C, respectively). There also was a significant change from baseline for tramadol hydrochloride at 0.5, 1.5, and 6 hours after administration but not at 3 or 9 hours after administration. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Tramadol at a dose of 30 mg/kg, PO, induced thermal antinociception in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. This dose was necessary for induction of significant and sustained analgesic effects, with duration of action up to 6 hours. Further studies with other types of noxious stimulation, dosages, and intervals are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in psittacines.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Prunus L. as revealed by RAPD and SSR markers     

Miroslav Baránek  Jana RaddováMiroslav Pidra 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

RAPD and SSR markers were used for genetic diversity evaluations among 15 genotypes selected from the genus Prunus L. Altogether 40 RAPD primers and 21 primer pairs designated for microsatellite loci were applied on the whole group of genotypes.  相似文献   

Ultrastructure of pigmented photoreceptor of adult Crepidostomum metoecus (Trematoda: Digenea: Bunoderidae)     

Zd'árská Z  Nebesárová J 《Folia parasitologica》2002,49(2):165-166

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Landscape cohesion: an index for the conservation potential of landscapes for biodiversity   总被引：14，自引：6，他引：14  

Paul Opdam  Jana Verboom  Rogier Pouwels 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(2):113-126

In urbanising landscapes, planning for sustainable biodiversity occurs in a context of multifunctional land use. Important conditions for species persistence are habitat quality, the amount and configuration of habitat and the permeability of the landscape matrix. For planning purposes, these determinants should be integrated into simple indicators for spatial conditions of persistence probability. We propose a framework of three related indices. The cohesion index is based on the ecology of metapopulations in a habitat network. We discuss how an indicator for species persistence in such a network could be developed. To translate this network index into an area index, we propose the concept of spatial cohesion. Habitat cohesion and spatial cohesion are defined and measured for single species or, at best, for species profiles. Since species differ in their perception of the same landscape, different species will rate different values of these indices for the same landscape. Because landscapes are rarely planned for single species, we further propose the index of landscape cohesion, which integrates the spatial cohesion indices of different species. Indices based on these concepts can be built into GIS tools for landscape assessment. We illustrate different applications of these indices, and emphasise the distinction between ecological and political decisions in developing and applying such tools. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Quantitative real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans in cucumber leaf rinse     

Gazdik  Filip  Penazova  Eliska  Cechova  Jana  Baranek  Miroslav  Eichmeier  Ales 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2019,126(6):517-528

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans (Pal) is a bacterium that causes angular leaf spot disease of cucumbers. There is no direct protection against this...  相似文献   

Nitric Oxide Response in Critically III Dogs     

Jana L. Jones DVM  D.J. Krahwinkel Jr. DVM  MS  B.W. Rorhbach VMD  MPH 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1999,9(4):195-202

Alterations in nitric oxide (NO)production may play a role in critical illness. Total serum nitrate/nitrite concentrations [SNN (uM/L)], the stable metabolites of NO, have been used as an indirect measure of NO in people, with increased concentrations reported in cases of critical illness. The relationship of nitric oxide (NO) to criticalillness in dgos is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) canine illness in dogs is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that critically ill intesive care unit (ICU) canine patients would have increased SNN as compared to healthy dogs and non-critically ill dogs. An organ failure index score (OFI) was assigned to dogs admitted to the ICU to evaluate trends between disease severtiy and SNN. Critically ill dogs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher SNN (median 10.53) as compared to non-critically ill dogs (median 2.3) and healthy dogs (median 1.92). Critically ill dogs with the most severe disease (as based on OFI) had higher SNN concentrations. Survival of critically ill dogs with SNN of > 15 upon ICU admission (12% survival) was significantly less than survival of critically ill dogs with SNN ≤ 15 (91%) survival).l (Vet. Emerg. & Crit. Care, 9: 195–202, 1999)  相似文献   

Effects of combinations of heavy metal pollutants on Cuscuta reflexa     

Sasadhar Jana  Aloke Bhattacharjee 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,42(3-4):303-310

The effects of combinations of Hg, As, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr on the variables of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in natural condition were studied. All of the combinations of heavy metals tested decreased Hill reaction activity, chlorophyll and protein contents and increased tissue permeability over control values. The effects were best visible with the treatments of (As + Cd + Pb + Hg + Cu + Cr) and (As + Cd + Pb + Hg + Cu), followed by (As + Cd + Pb + Hg), (As + Cd + Pb), and (As + Cd). The degree of inhibition or increase by combinations of heavy metals is much higher due to synergism as the observed effects exceed the summed amount. The general order of sensitivity was As > Cd > Pb > Hg > Cu > Cr (absolute metal concentration).  相似文献   

The effect of management protocols for juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) culture on life history responses of a zooplankton food source, Moina micrura (Kurz.)     

B. B. Jana  Rina Chakrabarti 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1993,110(3-4):285-300

Three systems of carp (Cyprinus carpio) culture (live food system, manured system, and control system) were used to examine environmentally dependent life history characteristics of zooplankton, Moina micrura. Twelve culture tubes with one neonate of M. micrura per tube and covered by nylon bolting cloth of 75 μm mesh size were suspended in situ in each culture system. Each culture tube was examined daily to evaluate life history patterns. Time to first reproduction ranged from 4 to 7 days in the control and manured systems and 3 to 5 days in the live food system. Mean longevity, net reproductive rate, average generation time, as well as total offspring production per female, were distinctly higher for the live food system than for the manured or control systems. Interactions between chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, phosphate levels and primary productivity resulting in optimal conditions were responsible for large variations in life history characteristics of M. micrura among the culture systems.  相似文献   

Virome identification in wheat in the Czech Republic using small RNA deep sequencing          下载免费PDF全文

Khushwant SINGH  Jana JARO&#  OVÁ  Jan FOUSEK  CHEN Huan  Jiban Kumar KUNDU 《农业科学学报》2020,19(7):1825-1833

High-throughput deep-sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis of the small RNA(sRNA) population isolated from plants allows universal virus detection and complete virome reconstruction for a given sample. In the present sRNA deep-sequencing analysis of virus-infected wheat samples in the Czech Republic, samples were firstly tested for barley yellow dwarf viruses(BYDVs), wheat streak mosaic virus(WSMV) and wheat dwarf virus(WDV) using ELISA, RT-PCR and PCR. Subsequent sRNA sequencing of these samples yielded more than ～60 million single-end 50-bp reads with high confidence for nine field samples of wheat. Overall, 16.5% of reads were virus-specific and 83.5% were mapped to the host. More 21-nt reads(～7.7 E+06 reads) were found than 24-nt(～6.20 E+06 reads) or 22-nt(～4.30 E+06 reads) reads. De novo assembly of the high-quality contigs revealed the presence of three earlier reported viruses in the Czech Republic: BYDVs(31.48%), WSMV(24.23%) and WDV(26.66%). We also showed the presence of cereal yellow dwarf virus(14.33%; two species CYDV-RPS and CYDV-RPV(family Luteoviridae/Polerovirus) and wheat yellow dwarf virus(WYDV, 3.30%; Luteoviridae). Phylogenetic analysis showed CYDV and WYDV grouped separately from BYDVs. Furthermore, several recombination breakpoints were found among the groups of yellow dwarf viruses(BYDVs, CYDV, and WYDV). Using RNA deep sequencing, we confirmed the presence of the three known viruses(BYDVs, WSMV, and WDV) and the first record of two species of CYDV and WYDV in wheat in the Czech Republic.  相似文献