Determination of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Turkish Artemisia absinthium, A. dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera essential oils     

Kordali S  Kotan R  Mavi A  Cakir A  Ala A  Yildirim A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(24):9452-9458

The essential oil isolated from Turkish tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty compounds representing 99.5% of total oil were identified. The predominant components in the oil were (Z)-anethole (81.0%), (Z)-beta-ocimene (6.5%), (E)-beta-ocimene (3.1%), limonene (3.1%), and methyleugenol (1.8%). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oils isolated from A. dracunculus, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera oils were also evaluated. In general, the oils exhibited potent antifungal activity at a wide spectrum on the growth of agricultural pathogenic fungi. Among the oils, the weakest antifungal activity was shown by the oil of A. dracunculus. In many cases, the oils of A. absinthium, A. santonicum, and A. spicigera completely inhibited the growth of some fungal species. As compared with antibacterial activities of all of tested oils, A. santonicum and A. spicigera oils showed antibacterial activities over a very wide spectrum. However, the essential oils tested showed lower inhibition zones than the inhibition zones of penicillin. In addition, antioxidant and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of tarragon oil were determined, and weak antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities were found in comparison to butylated hydroxytoluene.  相似文献   

Response of red pepper to deficit irrigation and nitrogen fertigation     

Hayrettin Kuşçu  Ahmet Turhan  Neşe Özmen  Pınar Aydınol  Ali O. Demir 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(10):1396-1410

The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the response of red pepper grown in a subhumid climate to different irrigation and nitrogen levels. Open-field trials were conducted in the Marmara Region, Turkey. Plants were subjected to three water levels [full irrigation (FI) = 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and two deficit irrigations (DIs)= 66 and 33% ETc restoration] and four levels of N (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg N ha^?1) during the 2012, 2013, and 2014 growing seasons. A split-plot experimental design was used. The highest values of biomass and marketable yield (MY) were observed under FI. DI significantly increased the fruit soluble solids content. The biomass yield, MY, and fruit weight significantly improved with increasing nitrogen levels. The 240 kg N ha^?1 treatment under FI provided the maximum net income. Increasing N supply under DI conditions enhanced the water-use efficiency based on both biomass yield and MY. These results indicate that with respect to the yield, the net income, and the water productivity of red pepper, the FI with a nitrogen supply of 160–240 kg ha^?1 is recommended for drip irrigated and N-fertigated red pepper under subhumid climate conditions.  相似文献   

Weathering durability of CCB-impregnated wood for clear varnish coatings     

Mustafa Kemal Yalinkiliç  Rifat Ilhan  Yuji Imamura  Munezoh Takahashi  Zafer Demirci  Ahmet Cihangir Yalmkiliç  Huseyin Peker 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(6):502-514

Outdoor performances of a polyurethane varnish and an alkyd-based synthetic varnish coated over chromium-copper-boron (CCB)-impregnated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) [10 (R) × 100 (T) × 150 (L) mm] were investigated. These varnishes were also applied to the wood surface as sole coatings or impregnated into wood as water-repellent (WR) solutions. Outdoor exposure was performed in the Black Sea region of northern Turkey (41°N, 39.43°E) where humid weather predominates throughout the year and accelerates decomposition of coated wood surfaces. The wood panels were exposed at 45° south on their tangential surfaces. After 9 months of exposure to summer, autumn, and the following winter season, the color and glossiness changes of the exposed surface, adhesion of the coating layer to the wood surface, water absorption through the coating layers, mass loss, and the hardness of the board surface were studied. CCB impregnation greatly stabilized the surface color of varnish-coated panels of both wood species. Gradual decreases of adhesion between varnished layers and preimpregnated surfaces were attributed to probable weakening of interactions at the interface of the treated wood and the film layer. A superficial cleaning process of treated wood is suggested to improve glossiness and adhesion. The coated wood surface became harder with time on outdoor exposure until a maximum hardness occurred followed by softening, whereas the uncoated surface softened steadily. Polyurethane varnish yielded a harder surface than synthetic varnish. Mass losses of wood panels after 9 months of exposure were negligible for all treatments compared with the untreated controls, which were totally discolored and eroded on the surface. It is concluded that long-term exterior wood protection has been achieved by a successful combination of an appropriate preservative treatment followed by a compatible surface-coating process.  相似文献   

Neurotoxic effects of nickel chloride in the rainbow trout brain: Assessment of c-Fos activity,antioxidant responses,acetylcholinesterase activity,and histopathological changes     

Ahmet Topal  Muhammed Atamanalp  Ertan Oruç  Mesut Bünyami Halıcı  Melda Şişecioğlu  Hüseyin Serkan Erol  Arzu Gergit  Bahar Yılmaz 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(3):625-634

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The Use of Farmed Salmon Oil to Replace Anchovy Oil in Diet of Turbot,Psetta maxima,Reared in Brackish Water     

Hüseyi̇n Sevgi̇li̇  Adem Kurtoğlu  Masahiko Oikawa  Ahmet Mefut  Rizvan Süyek 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(4):560-570

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the use of farmed salmon oil (FSO) as a substitute for anchovy oil (AO) on growth and nutrient utilization performance, and proximate and fatty acid compositions of turbot, Psetta maxima. Two fish oil sources, AO and FSO, were incorporated into the diet at a level of 6.77% and fed to turbot with an initial average weight of 266.25 ± 0.53 g in brackish water for 9 wks. Each diet was tested in four replicates and fed to apparent satiation twice a day. At the end of the experiment, data of growth and nutrient utilization performances (feed conversion ratio, nitrogen, lipid and energy intakes, gains, and retentions), and organo‐somatic indices were similar between the dietary oil sources. Likewise, there were no significant differences in final whole body proximate compositions between two treatments. However, AO and FSO diets significantly affected whole body fatty acids and fatty acids classes. Briefly, FSO fish was characterized with higher n‐6 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mainly 18:2n‐6 whereas AO fish with higher n‐3 PUFA and highly unsaturated fatty acids mainly 22:6n‐3. The whole body fatty acid profile reflected that of the diets. It is concluded that incorporation of FSO instead of AO in turbot diets supports similar growth and nutrient utilization performances but change whole body fatty acid profile.  相似文献   

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Yersinia ruckeri isolates from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) in Turkey     

Onuk EE  Ciftci A  Findik A  Ciftci G  Altun S  Balta F  Ozer S  Coban AY 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(7-8):320-328

The aim of the study was the phenotypic and molecular characterization of Yersinia (Y) ruckeri strains, the causative agent of Enteric Redmouth Disease (ERM), by antibiotyping, random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of whole cell proteins. For this aim, a total of 97 Y ruckeri isolates were analyzed. The isolates were distinguished into ten antibiotypes and six phenotypes according to their resistance properties and whole cell protein profiles, respectively. Also, a glycoprotein band of approximately 25.5 kDa was observed in all Y ruckeri strains tested. In all strains, six different RAPD types were observed. In conclusion, Y ruckeri strains isolated from rainbow trout of fish farms in Turkey showed variation according to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, and the use of these three typing techniques in double and triple combinations could be more useful for discriminating the strains.  相似文献   

Comparison of hematological and biochemical parameters in sheep naturally and persistently infected with a border disease virus     

Gazyağci S  Azkur AK  Cağlayan O 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):553-556

In this study, we investigated the changes occurring in the activities of determining the biochemical and hematological parameters in persistently infected sheep with border disease virus (BDV) and control sheep. While cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose parameters were found to be statistically different between control and BDV positive groups (p<0.01), total protein, alkaline phosphotase, creatine kinase, amylase, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein were found to be statistically different between control and persistently infected group (p<0.01). Interestingly, all groups were shown only mean corpuscular volume parameter was different (p<0.01). It was found that cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein parameters were different between PI and infected sheep (p<0.01). It was speculated that BDV might effect also the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor and determination of the changes in BD and its clinical importance might contribute to the veterinarians and scientists studying in this area.  相似文献   

Prevalence and molecular mechanism of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in staphylococci isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in Turkey     

Aslantaş Ö  Öztürk F  Ceylan A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1645-1648

Macrolide and lincosamide (ML) resistance and the related resistance genes of staphylococci were assessed from cases of bovine subclinical mastitis. Of the 104 Staphylococcus aureus and 62 coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates, 26 (25%) and 12 (19.4%) were resistant to ML, respectively. While constitutive ML resistance phenotype accounted for 15.4% (16/104) of S. aureus and 8.1% (5/62) of CoNS, inducible ML resistance phenotype accounted for 2.9% (3/104) of S. aureus and 3.2% (2/62) of CoNS. Among erythromycin-resistant isolates, single or various combination of different resistance genes were detected. The results of this study showed that ML resistance was prevalent among staphylococci from subclinical bovine mastitis cases in Hatay, Turkey. Therefore, a continuous surveillance is necessary to minimise the spread of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci.  相似文献   

Potential of Biosolids from Shrimp Aquaculture as a Fertilizer in Bell Pepper Production     

Robert J. Dufault  Ahmet Korkmaz 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):310-319

Shrimp biosolids (SB) have value as a fertilizer for bell pepper production, but maximum yields cannot be expected when SB is used alone. Although bell pepper marketable yield increased linearly with SB rate and also with Osmocote (OSM, a slow release encapsulated fertilizer) rate, yield at the highest OSM rate was 92% higher than yield at the highest SB rate. The cultural system that enhanced yield included both the highest rates of SB and OSM which delivered a combined total of 633 N - 253 P - 303 K kg/ha. The sodium in SB needs to be considered carefully whenever this material is used with plants. Apparently, SB persisted in the soil to benefit deeply-rooted crops months after initial application, but it is unknown if continued use of SB may eventually improve soil structure and physical properties.  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA ON YIELD,GROWTH, LEAF WATER CONTENT,MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY,AND IONIC COMPOSITION OF STRAWBERRY UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS     

Huseyin Karlidag  Ahmet Esitken  Ertan Yildirim  M. Figen Donmez  Metin Turan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):34-45

Plant growth promoting effects of Bacillus subtilis EY2, Bacillus atrophaeus EY6, Bacillus spharicus GC subgroup B EY30, Staphylococcus kloosii EY37 and Kocuria erythromyxa EY43 were tested on strawberry cv. ‘Fern’ in terms of fruit yield, growth, chlorophyll reading value, leaf relative water content (LRWC), membrane permeability and ionic composition of leaves and roots under saline conditions. Compared with 0 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment, the average decrease of yield and LRWC were 51.6% and 21.0%, respectively, when 35 mM NaCl was applied. However, EY30, EY37, and EY43 treatments under saline condition (35 mM NaCl) significantly increased fruit yield (54.4%, 51.7% and 94.9%) compared with 35 mM NaCl treatment without plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). The LRWC increased from 72.0% in 35 mM NaCl treatment to 88.4%, 86.6%, 84.2%, 83.5%, and 86.2% by EY2, EY6, EY30, EY37, and EY43 applications, respectively. The lowest membrane permeability among the bacterial strains was obtained from EY37 treatment (37) while it was 33 and 58 in 0 mM NaCl and 35 mM NaCl treatments, respectively. The concentration of all plant tissue nutrients investigated [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] with the exception of root phosphorus (P) and Mg concentration significantly decreased with 35 mM salt treatment. Nitrogen content of leaves varied between 3.04 and 3.14% in bacterial treatments under saline conditions while it was 2.71% in 35 mM NaCl treatment. In contrast sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) of leaves and Cl content of roots were significantly decreased by root inoculation with all bacterial treatments in comparison to 35 mM NaCl treatment with no inoculation. Treatment with Bacillus EY30, Staphylococcus EY37 and Kocuria EY43 to strawberry plants can ameliorative the deleterious effect of salt stress on fruit yield, growth and nutrition. These results demonstrate that PGPB treatment could be offer an economic and simple means to increased plant resistance for salinity stress.  相似文献