Spatio-temporal analysis of forest fire events in the Margalla Hills,Islamabad,Pakistan using socio-economic and environmental variable data with machine learning methods     

Aqil Tariq  Hong Shu  Saima Siddiqui  Iqra Munir  Alireza Sharifi  Qingting Li  Linlin Lu 《林业研究》2022,33(1):183-194

Most forest fires in the Margalla Hills are related to human activities and socioeconomic factors are essential to assess their likelihood of occurrence.This study consid-ers both environmental (altitude,precipitation,forest type,terrain and humidity index) and socioeconomic (popula-tion density,distance from roads and urban areas) factors to analyze how human behavior affects the risk of forest fires.Maximum entropy (Maxent) modelling and random forest (RF) machine learning methods were used to predict the probability and spatial diffusion patterns of forest fires in the Margalla Hills.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to compare the models.We studied the fire history from 1990 to 2019 to establish the relationship between the prob-ability of forest fire and environmental and socioeconomic changes.Using Maxent,the AUC fire probability values for the 1999s,2009s,and 2019s were 0.532,0.569,and 0.518,respectively;using RF,they were 0.782,0.825,and 0.789,respectively.Fires were mainly distributed in urban areas and their probability of occurrence was related to acces-sibility and human behaviour/activity.AUC principles for validation were greater in the random forest models than in the Maxent models.Our results can be used to establish preventive measures to reduce risks of forest fires by consid-ering socio-economic and environmental conditions.  相似文献   

Effect of management practices and animal age on incidence of mastitis in Nili Ravi buffaloes     

Tariq Ali  Abdur Rahman  Muhammand Subhan Qureshi  Muhammad Tariq Hussain  Muhammad Shauib Khan  Siraj Uddin  Muhammad Iqbal  Bo Han 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1279-1285

Buffalo is an economically important dairy animal in South Asia but mostly ignored in research priorities. In this retrospective study, the effect of management practices and age of animal on the incidence of mastitis in Nili Ravi buffaloes was investigated. A total of 1,560 quarters of buffaloes (n?=?390) were screened by visual examination of the udder and milk (clinical mastitis) and California mastitis test (subclinical mastitis). Household data was collected on a predesigned questionnaire and analyzed. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis, clinical mastitis, and blind quarters was 41.8, 13.6, and 9.7 %, respectively. The highest prevalence was noted in the hind quarters and left side as compared to that in the forequarters and right side. This data significantly (p?p?p?R ²?=?0.772) with mastitis. This study concluded that some factors alone or in combination with other factors influence significantly the occurrence of mastitis, and to minimize the infection, these factors should be considered. The outcome of the study will be valuable for policy-making for positive management practices and implementation of preventive measures.  相似文献   

Biodegradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane in water and a soil slurry by a Pandoraea species     

Okeke BC  Siddique T  Arbestain MC  Frankenberger WT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(9):2548-2555

Isomers of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were some of the most widely used pesticides. Despite reduction in their production and use, HCH isomers present a serious environmental hazard. In this study, two bacterial isolates (LIN-1 and LIN-3) that can grow on gamma-HCH as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from an enrichment culture. In liquid cultures of LIN-1 and LIN-3, 25.0 and 45.5% removal of gamma-HCH, respectively, were achieved in 2 weeks. LIN-3 was identified as Pandoraea sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (99% identity). Pandoraea sp. substantially degraded both gamma- and alpha-HCH isomers at concentrations of 10-200 mg L(-1) in liquid cultures. After 8 weeks of incubation in liquid culture, 89.9 and 93.3% of the gamma- and alpha-HCH isomers declined, respectively, at an initial concentration of 150 mg L(-1). In soil slurry cultures of Pandoraea sp., simulating a soil slurry phase bioremediation treatment, substantial decreases in the levels of the HCH isomers were observed at concentrations of 50-200 mg L(-1). After 9 weeks, 59.6 and 53.3% biodegradations of gamma- and alpha-HCH isomers, respectively, were achieved at 150 mg L(-1). Using two 23-mer oligonucloetide primers targeting the 330 bp region of the 16S rRNA gene of Pandoraea sp., an approximately 330 bp PCR product was successfully amplified from DNA templates prepared from bacterial colonies and soil slurry culture. This system provides a direct and rapid PCR-based molecular tool for tracking Pandoraea sp. strain LIN-3 in water and soils. These results have implied implications for the treatment of soils and water contaminated with HCH isomers.  相似文献   

Influence of radiographic examination findings on recommendations made during routine clinical re‐evaluation of dogs with uncomplicated tibial plateau leveling osteotomy     

Akash Alexander  Krizia Compagnone  James Grierson  Benjamin Keeley  Andrea Kilduff‐Taylor  Kirsty Maskell  Luis Moriera  Simon Roch  Darren Barnes  Maria Del Mar Campmany  Maria Del Mar Bovis  Saji Daniel Alexander  Matt Matiasovic 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2021,50(1):44-52

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Characterization of sand fly breeding sites in district Malakand,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan, and evaluation of risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region     

Khurshaid Khan  Nazma Habib Khan  Farhat Anwar  Ihtisham Ullah  Noor Badshah  Irfan Irfan  Khalid Iqbal  Ibrar Shah  Shah Tariq Aziz  Muhammad Shahid Naseem Khan  Safeer Ullah Shah 《Zoonoses and public health》2022,69(1):33-45

Present study was carried to determine the sand fly species composition, breeding sites ecology, seasonal abundance, and spatial distribution in district Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In addition, risk factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) were also evaluated. Survey of indoor and outdoor habitats was carried out using sticky traps in 31 villages of Dargai and Batkhela tehsils of Malakand. Soil from habitats of adult and immature sand flies was analysed. Questionnaire-based household survey was also performed in these villages to assess risk factors associated with CL. Soil samples from selected CL positive households were analysed for its contents. Additionally, clinicoepidemiological data from local health centres was examined for the year 2019. Total of 3,140 sand flies belonging to 18 species were collected. Phlebotomus sergenti was the most abundant species (38.16%). Its abundance had a strong positive correlation with mean monthly relative humidity and negative correlation with average temperature. Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus papatasi were abundant at an elevation ranging from 320 to 1,120 m above sea level and in agricultural lands near human settlements. Flight height preference apparatus collected maximum sand flies at 30 cm (1ft) above the ground and all species associated negatively with height. Soil analysis from habitats of adult and immature flies showed that highest mean number of adults and immatures were recorded from silt loam which carried highest concentrations of K₂O, Mg, Ca, and Zn. Number of immature sand flies correlated moderately (r = .7, p < .05) with K₂O soil concentrations. There was significant similarity between organic matter contents in soil samples from positive breeding sites and CL households (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p = .1976). In multivariate analysis model for CL risk factors, age (26–35 and >35 years), knowledge of leishmaniasis, living in a middle and upper class, preachers visit to villages, and assumption that Afghan refugees are more prone to CL were significant. CL patient's archived data from health centres showed that majority of patients had lesions on face and hands. Patient's influx was highest in February and March.  相似文献   

Distribution of root-knot nematode species and their virulence on vegetables in northern temperate agro-ecosystems of the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir     

Tariq-Khan  Muhammad  Munir  Anjum  Mukhtar  Tariq  Hallmann  Johannes  Heuer  Holger 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2017,124(3):201-212

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are yield devastating plant pathogens. Objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of RKN and their threat to...  相似文献   

Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on Yield Components,Fodder, Grain,and Oil Yields of Brassica Cultivars     

Muhammad Arif  Muhammad Tariq  Mohammed Jan  Habib Akbar  Ishaq Mian  Muhammad Sajid 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(8):835-845

The dual-purpose use of Brassica cultivars means cutting or grazing the crop as fodder and then letting it to re-grow and produce grain with little or no yield penalty. A field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement with three replications. Three Brassica cultivars, three nitrogen application timing, and cutting treatments were included in the experiment. The findings indicated that Brassica cultivar Abasin-95 produced higher fresh and dry fodder yields, seeds pod^?1, seed, biological, and oil yields. However, NIFA Raya resulted in a higher number of pods and branches plant^?1. Likewise, fresh and dry fodder yields were higher with nitrogen (N) application all at sowing. Nitrogen applied in two splits resulted in a higher number of pods plant^?1 and grain yield. Cutting suppressed all parameters except 1000 grain weight. Uncut plots produced significantly higher branches plant^?1, pods plant^?1, seeds pod^?1, seed, biological, and oil yields than cut plots.  相似文献