Effect of humic acid and fulvic acid based liquid and foliar fertilizers on the yield of wheat crop     

Taimur Ahmad  Rasool Khan  Tariq Nawaz Khattak 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(19):2438-2445

Abstract

An organic-mineral liquid fertigation fertilizer containing humic acid, nitrogen (N)–phosphorus (P)–potassium (K), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn) and a liquid foliar fertilizer consisting of fulvic acid and gibberellic acids were formulated and applied to wheat. The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient and cost effective liquid and foliar fertilizer and compare their potential with commercially available urea and DAP. The fulvic acid and humic acids were obtained by alkaline extraction of lignite coal. All the treatments were significant over the control. The application of the liquid fertigation fertilizer and liquid foliar fertilizer along with 50?kg of urea per acre showed the best results biological yield (grain plus straw yield). It was found that the highest yield was obtained in T₆ treatment and the second best results were obtained with T₂ treatment, but has a high cost, while treatment T₆ was the most significant economical and yielded a high income when compared to other treatments.  相似文献   

Zinc bioavailability response curvature in wheat grains under incremental zinc applications     

Shahid Hussain  Muhammad Aamer Maqsood  Tariq Aziz  Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(7):1001-1016

Zinc application is generally recommended to enrich wheat grains with Zn; however, its influence on Zn bioavailability to humans has not received appreciable attention from scientists. In this pot experiment, seven Zn rates (from 0 to 18 mg kg^?1 soil) were applied to two wheat cultivars (Shafaq-2006 and Auqab-2000). Application of Zn significantly increased grain yield, grain Zn concentration and estimated Zn bioavailability, and significantly decreased grain phytate concentration and [phytate]:[Zn] ratio in wheat grains. The response of grain yield to Zn application was quadratic, whereas maximum grain yield was estimated to be achieved at 10.8 mg Zn kg^?1 soil for Shafaq-2006 and 7.4 mg Zn kg^?1 soil for Auqab-2000. These estimated Zn rates were suitable for increasing grain Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability (>2.9 mg Zn in 300 g grains) to optimum levels required for better human nutrition. Conclusively, Zn fertilization for Zn biofortification may be practiced on the bases of response curve studies aimed at maximizing grain yield and optimum Zn bioavailability. Moreover, additive Zn application progressively reduced the grain Fe concentration and increased the grain [phytate]:[Fe] ratio. However, a medium Zn application rate increased grain Ca concentration and decreased the grain [phytate]:[Ca] ratio. Hence, rate of Zn application for mineral biofortification needs to be carefully selected.  相似文献   

Detection of quantitative trait loci for mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in India and Pakistan     

Ratanakorn Kitsanachandee  Prakit Somta  Orawan Chatchawankanphanich  Khalid P. Akhtar  Tariq Mahmud Shah  Ramakrishnan M. Nair  Tejinderjit S. Bains  Asmita Sirari  Livinder Kaur  Peerasak Srinives 《Breeding Science》2013,63(4):367-373

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is one of the major diseases affecting mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). In this study, we report the mapping of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) resistance in mungbean. An F₈ recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population was generated in Thailand from a cross between NM10-12-1 (MYMIV resistance) and KPS2 (MYMIV susceptible). One hundred and twenty-two RILs and their parents were evaluated for MYMIV resistance in infested fields in India and Pakistan. A genetic linkage map was developed for the RIL population using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Composite interval mapping identified five QTLs for MYMIV resistance: three QTLs for India (qYMIV1, qYMIV2 and qYMIV3) and two QTLs for Pakistan (qYMIV4 and qYMIV5). qYMIV1, qYMIV2, qYMIV3, qYMIV4 and qYMIV5 explained 9.33%, 10.61%, 12.55%, 21.93% and 6.24% of variation in disease responses, respectively. qYMIV1 and qYMIV4 appeared to be the same locus and were common to a major QTL for MYMIV resistance in India identified previously using a different resistant mungbean.  相似文献   

High Sodium in Irrigation Water Caused B Toxicity at Low Soil Solution and Shoot B Concentration in Maize (Zea mays L.)     

Muhammad Aamer Maqsood  Muhammad Asif Naeem  Shahid Hussain  Tariq Aziz  Jeff Schoenau 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(5):728-741

Sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) in brackish water differentially affects boron (B) nutrition of plants grown on calcareous and salt-affected soils. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of brackish irrigation water with different sodium adsorption ratio (SAR_iw) [distilled-water control, 8, and 16 (mmol_c L^?1)^1/2] on B nutrition of maize. Plants were grown for 40 days with 5 levels of B (0, 1.29, 2.30, 3.22, and 4.46 mg kg^?1 soil). Boron application significantly improved plant growth at lower rates. High B rates and application of high SAR_iw decreased plant growth independently, and the reduction in growth was further aggravated due to combined effect of both B and high SAR_iw. Decreased growth was attributed mainly to increased shoot B and Na concentration, while decreased Ca concentration. These ionic changes also altered internal and external B requirements. Yield decrease was observed at lower B concentration in soil solution B and plants shoot grown with high SAR_iw than in plants grown with distilled water and low B application rates.  相似文献   

Co-relation of Growth and Yield as Affected by Va- rious Levels of Nitrogen Contents in the Leaves of Feutrell''''s Early ( Citrus reticula Blanco )     

Faqir Muhammad  M.Akram Tariq & Yusuf Ali ) Department of Horticulture  University of Agricultute  Faisalabad) Citrus Research Station  Sahiwal) Department of Horticulture  University College of Agriculture Rawalkot 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1990,(2)

Research studies on the corelation of growth and yield as affected by different levels of Nitrogen in Feutrell's Early revealed that the yield is directly responsible for growth. Increasing nitrogen level increase the growth and yield of plants upto a certain limit but when this limit is cro ssed, the growth of tree may increase in terms of girth and height but the spread and yield of the tree is decreased. This indicates the effect of nitrogen in relation of growth and yield.  相似文献   

Evaluation of potato seed tubers from different sources in the Punjab plain of Pakistan     

Altaf Hussain Chaudhry  Syed Mahfooz Ali Shah  Kh. Imdad Hussain  Ch. A. H. Tariq  Raymon E. Webb 《American Journal of Potato Research》1984,61(11):703-709

Inability to produce large quantities of high quality, relatively diseasefree potato seed is a major constraint to providing economic support to a highly important and rapidly expanding potato production industry in Pakistan. Studies were undertaken for 5 years to evaluate productivity of seed of cultivars Red Bad, Ajax, Atica, Patrones, Montana, Cosima, Desiree, and Cardinal grown at five environmentally diverse locations in Pakistan versus seed of the same cultivars imported from Europe. The productivity trials were conducted during the autumn and spring seasons at the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad (Punjab Plains). The results from the 5-year test period indicate that seed of each of the cultivars produced in the high hills (Baluchistan, Northwest Frontier Province) and during autumn (September to December) in the Punjab Plains, the latter cold stored until the following September, are equally as productive as seed imported from Europe.  相似文献   

Bioefficacy of Trichoderma Species Against Javanese Root-Knot Nematode,Meloidogyne javanica,in Green Gram     

Mukhtar  Tariq  Tariq-Khan  Muhammad  Aslam  Muhammad Naveed 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2021,73(3):265-272

Root-knot nematodes are mainly controlled by using synthetic nematicides, but their excessive use is prohibited due to associated health hazards which demand for suitable alternatives. The overreliance on nematicides can be curtailed by using biological control agents possessing nematicidal or nematostatic properties. Therefore, in the present study, effectiveness of seven indigenous species of Trichoderma were tested for their ability to suppress the population of Javanese root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and improve growth variables of green gram. All the Trichoderma species resulted in an increase in shoot and root lengths and shoot weight while a decrease was observed in root weight. Maximum increase in shoot length (45.5%) was found in case of T. harzianum followed by T. hamatum and T. viride whereas the increase was the minimum where T. pseudokoningii and T. koningii were applied. Similarly, maximum increase in shoot weight was recorded with T. viride (56.1%) followed by T. harzianum (55%) and the minimum with T. pseudokoningii. As regards root length, it was the maximum in treatments with T. hamatum (46.2%) and T. harzianum (45.1%) and minimum with those where T. koningii and T. pseudokoningii were applied. Contrarily, maximum reduction in root weight was observed in treatments where T. harzianum (37.8%) and T. viride (35.8%) were applied while T. koningii and T. pseudokoningii resulted in minimum decrease. All the Trichoderma species significantly caused reductions in the number of galls and eggs and reproductive factor of the nematode over control. Maximum reduction in numbers of galls and eggs were observed with T. viride (49 and 53%) followed by T. harzianum (46 and 53%) while the minimum reduction was recorded with T. pseudokoningii followed by T. atroviride. Likewise, T. viride caused the maximum reduction in reproductive factor of M. javanica (81%) followed by T. harzianum (78%) and T. asperellum (75%). On the other hand, the minimum reductions in reproductive factor were observed with T. pseudokoningii and T. koningii.

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Aetiological analysis and diagnosis of reproductive disorders in male dromedary camels     

Ahmed Ali  Derar Refaat Derar  Tariq I. Almundarij 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(10):1267-1273

The purpose of this paper was to analyse the aetiology and methods of diagnosing reproductive disorders in male dromedary camels. Male camel infertility manifests as one of three conditions: post-coital infertility (IG), inability to copulate (IC) and lack of sexual desire (LSD). IG is mainly a testicular disorder that is linked to a deteriorated seminogram, arrested spermatogenesis, Sertoli cell-only syndrome and testicular degeneration. For IG diagnosis, semen analysis, testicular biopsy and fine-needle aspiration are gold standards. Testicular ultrasonography was generally inefficient. High serum FSH was found in IG camels with oligo- and azoospermia, implying primary spermatogenesis defects. The testis-expressed protein (TEX101) and the epididymis-expressed protein (ECM1) are reliable biomarkers for distinguishing between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. IC manifests in two forms: phimosis (PHI) and erectile dysfunction (ED). PHI is frequently linked to preputial and penile pathologies, as well as leucocytosis, neutrophilia and elevated nitric oxide metabolites. The majority of camels with ED have normal genital organs, and the condition is associated with an increase in cardiac troponin I. LSD is a rare disorder brought on by hormonal imbalances, high temperatures, stress and debilitating diseases. In conclusion, IG diagnosis necessitates semen analysis, testicular biopsy or fine-needle aspiration, and FSH testing, whereas IC diagnosis requires preputial and penile examinations. Diagnostic aids include serum and seminal biomarkers.  相似文献   

Grainyhead-like transcription factors: guardians of the skin barrier     

Zihao Deng  Michael Cangkrama  Tariq Butt  Stephen M. Jane  Marina R. Carpinelli 《Veterinary dermatology》2021,32(6):553-e152

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Investigation of lichens using molecular techniques and associated mineral accumulations on a basaltic flow in a Mediterranean environment     

Joselito M. Arocena  Tariq Siddique  Ronald W. Thring  Selim Kapur 《CATENA》2007,70(3):356-365

The role of lichens in the breakdown of rocks in various environments is well documented. We investigated the formation of secondary minerals under 13 different fungal species growing on a basaltic flow in Sanliurfa (Turkey) to understand the influence of lichen species on the transformation of minerals in a Mediterranean environment. We used molecular technique (rDNA sequence) to identify 13 different species of lichens (7 crustose, 5 foliose and 1 pathogenic). X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the composition of mineral accumulations. The formation of quartz and 2:1 phyllosilicates in various layers (top, brown and white) of the weathered basaltic flows under all the lichen colonies may be the result of precipitated silica alone (quartz) or in combination with aluminum (2:1 clays) released as a by-product during the breakdown/weathering of primary silicate minerals present in the basalt. However, aeolian deposition may also be a possible source of these mineral species. Whewellite, a calcium oxalate mineral, accumulates in the weathered basalt underneath all the species of lichens. We believe that the formation of whewellite was due to organic acids excreted by fungal hyphae to dissolve primary minerals (e.g., olivine and feldspars); this lichen-mediated process released enough calcium and generated oxalate necessary for the formation of whewellite.  相似文献