Roles of the hypocretin/orexins in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness     

Terao A  Haruyama T  Kimura K 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2008,55(2-3):75-83

Hypocretin/orexin is produced exclusively in the dorsal and lateral hypothalamus but its projection is widespread within the brain and plays important roles. In this paper, we review the independent discoveries of the hypocretin/orexin peptides, the neuroanatomy of this system, and the link to the sleep disorder narcolepsy that has led to the idea that this system plays a crucial role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.  相似文献   

Retention behavior of size and aluminum components on handsheets in rosin-ester size/alum systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ken-ich Ito  Akira Isogai  Fumihiko Onabe 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(1):46-52

Anionic emulsion sizes consisting of rosin triglyceride esters and partly fortified rosin acids (i.e., rosin-ester sizes), have recently been used as internal sizes for alkaline papermaking. In this study, handsheets were prepared from pulp suspensions with alum and a rosin-ester size under various conditions, and sizing degree and size and aluminum contents of the handsheets were determined. Aluminum compounds originating from alum added to the pulp suspensions behave as retention aids of the rosin-ester size even in alkaline papermaking under limited conditions. Carboxyl groups in pulp are the primary retention sites of aluminum compounds in pulp suspensions. They form cationic sites on pulp fibers, and thus the anionic size emulsion particles are adsorbed on pulp fibers by electrostatic interactions. However, the cationic charges of aluminum compounds on pulp fibers decrease and finally disappear completely with the lapse of time after the alum addition by forming ionic bonds between the cationic sites and OH^– ions. Thus, pH values of the pulp suspensions and timing of the size addition strongly influence the retention values of the rosin-ester size and the resultant sizing features.This research was presented in part at the 1995 autumn meetings of the Society of Fiber Science and Technology Japan in Hamamatsu, October 1995  相似文献   

Cryorereservation of in vitro-grown meristems of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) by encapsulation-vitrification     

Dai Hirai  Kayo Shirai  Shigehisa Shirai  Akira Sakai 《Euphytica》1998,103(1):143-147

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RFLPs of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA in wild soybean, Glycine soja, growing in China     

Yoshiya Shimamoto  Hirofumi Fukushi  Jun Abe  Akira Kanazawa  Junyi Gai  Zhong Gao  Donghe Xu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(5):433-439

RFLPs of chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA have been used to characterize the cytoplasmic genome of wild soybean, Glycine soja, growing in China. We have found from the RFLPs of that the cytoplasmic genomes of most Chinese wild soybeans have a combination of cpIII with mt-a or a combination of cpII with mt-b accompanied by mtIV or mtV according to our classification. CpII was not observed in combination with mt-a and cpIII was not observed in combination with mt-b. The regional distribution of these two types showed clines with opposite directions. The Yangtze River Valley had the greatest diversity in each of cp and two mt profiles detected in this study and the cytoplasmic genome combining these three profiles showed the highest degree of polymorphism in this region. The Yangtze River Valley may be a center of cytoplasmic diversity of wild soybean and may contain various genetic resources of soybean.  相似文献   

External factors that regulate movement in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis     

Kim  Hee-Jin  Ohtani  Masataka  Kakumu  Akira  Sakakura  Yoshitaka  Hagiwara  Atsushi 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(4):655-663

Fisheries Science - There are two types of movement pattern in the Brachionidae (rotifers), swimming and attachment, although the factors that induce a shift between them have not been adequately...  相似文献   

Temperature characteristics in seed germination and growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zostera japonica</Emphasis> Ascherson &; Graebner from Ago Bay,Mie Prefecture,central Japan     

Mahiko Abe  Keigo Yokota  Akira Kurashima  Miyuki Maegawa 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(4):921-927

The optimal water temperature in seed germination and the upper critical water temperature in seedling growth were determined for Zostera japonica collected from Ago Bay, Japan. The relationship between the seed germination rates and seed storage period (0, 30, and 60 days) at 0°C was also examined. The optimal water temperature in seed germination was in the range 15–20°C regardless of the storage period, in which germination rates were up to 14%. Seedlings, grown from seeds up to 10 cm in total length, were cultured for 1 week at various water temperatures to measure their relative growth rates. The optimal water temperature in early growth was in the range 20–25°C; relative growth rates ranged from 3.8 to 4.2%. Seedlings could survive up to a water temperature of 29°C, but most seedlings withered at 30 or 35°C. The optimal water temperatures for seed germination and seedling growth were related to the seasonal changes of water temperature in the sampling site. Although seedlings were hardly observed in Ago Bay in summer, Z. japonica might extend its distribution as far as where the summer water temperature is lower than 29°C.  相似文献   

Quantitative correlation between molecular similarity and receptor-binding activity of neonicotinoid insecticides     

Akira Nakayama  Masayuki Sukekawa 《Pest management science》1998,52(2):104-110

Quantitative correlation between molecular similarity and receptor-binding activity of neonicotinoid insecticides such as imidacloprid and acetamiprid was studied by using a method of similarity index and semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations. A series of compounds having an aromatic ring and a cyclic or acyclic amine moiety with an electron-withdrawing group were subjected to the similarity-activity analysis. Energy-minimum structures and electrostatic properties of the molecules were obtained by MNDO-PM3. The electrostatic similarity of each molecule compared with the most active compounds was found to correlate significantly with the binding activity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in honey bee when the two molecules were superimposed to maximize the molecular shape similarity by simplex procedure. This indicates that molecular similarity in terms of electrostatic properties is important for activity, as well as superimposability in terms of molecular shape. A schematic model of interaction between neonicotinoids and nAChR is proposed according to the results of similarity-activity analyses. © 1998 SCI.  相似文献   

Prediction of the binding mode of imidacloprid and related compounds to house-fly head acetylcholine receptors using three-dimensional QSAR analysis     

Atsushi Okazawa  Miki Akamatsu  Akira Ohoka  Hisashi Nishiwaki  Won-Jea Cho  Yoshiaki Nakagawa  Keiichiro Nishimura  Tamio Ueno 《Pest management science》1998,54(2):134-144

The binding activity of imidacloprid and related compounds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) of house flies was measured by use of radioactive α-bungarotoxin as a ligand. Variations in the activity were examined three-dimensionally using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The CoMFA results suggest that one conformer among the four stable ones is active and provide support for one of the proposed binding models for this class of compound, in which the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring and the nitrogen atom at the 1-position of the imidazolidine ring interact with the hydrogen-donating and electron-rich sites of nAChR, respectively. The CoMFA field map showed that the nitroimino moiety and a portion of the imidazolidine ring were mainly surrounded by a sterically and electrostatically sensitive region of nAChR. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Correction to: Inheritance of the narrow leaf mutation in traditional Japanese evergreen azaleas     

Keisuke Tasaki  Akira Nakatsuka  Kyeong-Seong Cheon  Nobuo Kobayashi 《Euphytica》2018,214(4):76

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Advanced maternal age induces fetal growth restriction through decreased placental inflammatory cytokine expression and immune cell accumulation in mice     

Yoshiki HIRATA  Yusuke KATSUKURA  Yuka HENMI  Ren OZAWA  Sayaka SHIMAZAKI  Akira KUROSAWA  Yasushi TORII  Hironori TAKAHASHI  Hisataka IWATA  Takehito KUWAYAMA  Koumei SHIRASUNA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(4):257

Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for female infertility, and placental dysfunction is considered one of the causes of pregnancy complications. We investigated the effects of advanced maternal aging on pregnancy outcomes and placental senescence. Female pregnant mice were separated into three groups: young (3 months old), middle (8–9 months old), and aged (11–13 months old). Although the body weights of young and middle dams gradually increased during pregnancy, the body weight of aged dams only increased slightly. The placental weight and resorption rate were significantly higher, and live fetal weights were reduced in a maternal age-dependent manner. Although mRNA expression of senescence regulatory factors (p16 and p21) increased in the spleen of aged dams, mRNA expression of p16 did not change and that of p21 was reduced in the placenta of aged dams. Using a cytokine array of proteins extracted from placental tissues, the expression of various types of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors was decreased in aged dams compared with young and middle dams. The aged maternal placenta showed reduced immune cell accumulation compared with the young placenta. Our present results suggest that models using pregnant mice older than 8 months are more suitable for verifying older human pregnancies. These findings suggest that general cellular senescence programs may not be included in the placenta and that placental functions, including SASP production and immune cell accumulation, gradually decrease in a maternal age-dependent manner, resulting in a higher rate of pregnancy complications.  相似文献