Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Heil F  Hemmi H  Hochrein H  Ampenberger F  Kirschning C  Akira S  Lipford G  Wagner H  Bauer S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5663):1526-1529

Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) serves as a danger signal associated with viral infection and leads to stimulation of innate immune cells. In contrast, the immunostimulatory potential of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) is poorly understood and innate immune receptors for ssRNA are unknown. We report that guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich ssRNA oligonucleotides derived from human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) stimulate dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages to secrete interferon-alpha and proinflammatory, as well as regulatory, cytokines. By using Toll-like receptor (TLR)-deficient mice and genetic complementation, we show that murine TLR7 and human TLR8 mediate species-specific recognition of GU-rich ssRNA. These data suggest that ssRNA represents a physiological ligand for TLR7 and TLR8.  相似文献   

Transcription-coupled events associating with immunoglobulin switch region chromatin     

Nambu Y  Sugai M  Gonda H  Lee CG  Katakai T  Agata Y  Yokota Y  Shimizu A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5653):2137-2140

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Comment on "efficient photochemical water splitting by a chemically modified n-TiO2" (I)     

Fujishima A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5640):1673; discussion 1673

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Requirement for hippocampal CA3 NMDA receptors in associative memory recall     

Nakazawa K  Quirk MC  Chitwood RA  Watanabe M  Yeckel MF  Sun LD  Kato A  Carr CA  Johnston D  Wilson MA  Tonegawa S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5579):211-218

Pattern completion, the ability to retrieve complete memories on the basis of incomplete sets of cues, is a crucial function of biological memory systems. The extensive recurrent connectivity of the CA3 area of hippocampus has led to suggestions that it might provide this function. We have tested this hypothesis by generating and analyzing a genetically engineered mouse strain in which the N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) receptor gene is ablated specifically in the CA3 pyramidal cells of adult mice. The mutant mice normally acquired and retrieved spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze, but they were impaired in retrieving this memory when presented with a fraction of the original cues. Similarly, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in mutant mice displayed normal place-related activity in a full-cue environment but showed a reduction in activity upon partial cue removal. These results provide direct evidence for CA3 NMDA receptor involvement in associative memory recall.  相似文献   

A new source of basaltic meteorites inferred from Northwest Africa 011     

Yamaguchi A  Clayton RN  Mayeda TK  Ebihara M  Oura Y  Miura YN  Haramura H  Misawa K  Kojima H  Nagao K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5566):334-336

Eucrites are a class of basaltic meteorites that share common mineralogical, isotopic, and chemical properties and are thought to have been derived from the same parent body, possibly asteroid 4 Vesta. The texture, mineralogy, and noble gas data of the recently recovered meteorite, Northwest Africa (NWA) 011, are similar to those of basaltic eucrites. However, the oxygen isotopic composition of NWA011 is different from that of other eucrites, indicating that NWA011 may be derived from a different parent body. The presence of basaltic meteorites with variable oxygen isotopic composition suggests the occurrence of multiple basaltic meteorite parent bodies, perhaps similar to 4 Vesta, in the early solar system.  相似文献   

Differentially methylated CpG sites related to fertility in Japanese Black bull spermatozoa: epigenetic biomarker candidates to predict sire conception rate     

Kumiko TAKEDA  Eiji KOBAYASHI  Kazuko OGATA  Akira IMAI  Shinya SATO  Hiromichi ADACHI  Yoichiro HOSHINO  Kagetomo NISHINO  Masahiro INOUE  Masahiro KANEDA  Shinya WATANABE 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(2):99

For semen suppliers, predicting the low fertility of service bull candidates before artificial insemination would help prevent economic loss; however, predicting bull fertility through in vitro assessment of semen is yet to be established. In the present study, we focused on the methylated CpG sites of sperm nuclear DNA and examined methylation levels to screen new biomarkers for predicting bull fertility. In frozen-thawed semen samples collected from Japanese Black bulls, for which the sire conception rate (SCR) was recorded, the methylation level of each CpG site was analyzed using human methylation microarray. According to regression analysis, 143 CpG sites related to SCR were significantly differentially methylated. Whole genome bisulfite sequence data were obtained from three semen samples and the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that included the target CpG sites selected by human methylation microarray were confirmed. Using combined bisulfite restriction analysis, fertility-related methylation changes were detected in 10 DMRs. With the exception of one DMR, the methylation levels of these DMRs were significantly different between groups with high fertility (> 50%) and low fertility (< 40%). From multiple regression analysis of methylation levels and SCR, three DMRs were selected that could effectively predict bull fertility. We suggest that these fertility-related differences in spermatozoal methylation levels could be new epigenetic biomarkers for predicting bull fertility.  相似文献   

Evaluation of colorimetric pH strips for wild animal meat using image analysis     

Akira Watanabe  Kazunari Kinoshita  Takayuki Muramoto  Mizuho Nakai  Yuiko Suzuki  Sakumi Inoue  Shigeki Hirata 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13602

Colorimetric pH strips (MColorpHast™) are very convenient to use, but the decision of pH is based on an individual's color perception and is, therefore, subjective. We developed a pH calculation program for the image of coloring strips on CIE1976 (L*a*b* color space), which slightly underestimated human judgment as the color of pH darker. This image analysis and three individuals' judgments were used for evaluating the strip's features for various qualities of meat from wild animals, and the results were compared with the assessments based on potentiometric pH. In both methods, dipping the strips in distilled water just before use improved the regression coefficient compared with that mentioned in the manual. The image analysis showed higher correlation than human judgments but slightly underestimate pH by a maximum of 0.13 unit from the regression line of the potentiometric pH. In addition, the image analysis revealed meat pigment changed pH higher on the color scale in the lower meat pH region. The strips must be used according to the manual, but dipping is effective when the meat surface is dry, and keeping the strips from touching the meat drip is important in lower pH region because the pigment affects the color of pH.  相似文献   

Effects of low and high levels of maternal nutrition consumed for the entirety of gestation on the development of muscle,adipose tissue,bone, and the organs of Wagyu cattle fetuses     

Yi Zhang  Kounosuke Otomaru  Kazunaga Oshima  Yuji Goto  Ichiro Oshima  Susumu Muroya  Mitsue Sano  Rena Saneshima  Yukiko Nagao  Aoi Kinoshita  Yasuko Okamura  Sanggun Roh  Akira Ohtsuka  Takafumi Gotoh 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13600

This study aimed to investigate the effects of high and low levels of energy intake during the entire gestation period on the skeletal muscle development, organ development, and adipose tissue accumulation in fetuses of Wagyu (Japanese Black) cows, a breed with highly marbled beef. Cows were allocated to a high-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 120% of the nutritional requirement) or low-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 60% of the nutritional requirement). The cows were artificially inseminated with semen from the same sire, and the fetuses were removed by cesarean section at 260 ± 8.3 days of fetal age and slaughtered. The whole-body, total muscle, adipose, and bone masses of the fetal half-carcasses were significantly higher in the high-nutrition group than the low-nutrition group (p = 0.0018, 0.009, 0.0004, and 0.0362, respectively). Fifteen of 20 individual muscles, five of six fat depots, nine of 17 organs, and seven of 12 bones that were investigated had significantly higher masses in the high-nutrition group than the low-nutrition group. The crude components and amino acid composition of the longissimus muscle significantly differed between the low- and high-nutrition groups. These data indicate that maternal nutrition during gestation has a marked effect on the muscle, bone, and adipose tissue development of Wagyu cattle fetuses.  相似文献   

Potential for Using Plant Xylem Sap to Evaluate Inorganic Nutrient Availability in Soil     

Akira Noguchi  Masakatsu Kageyama  Fumie Shinmachi  Urs Schmidhalter  Isao Hasegawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(3):343-350

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Simple detection method of powerful antiradical compounds in the raw extract of plants and its application for the identification of antiradical plant constituents     

Masuda T  Inaba Y  Maekawa T  Takeda Y  Yamaguchi H  Nakamoto K  Kuninaga H  Nishizato S  Nonaka A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):1831-1838

A simple detection method for a powerful radical scavenging compound in a mixture containing a large variety of compounds, such as the raw extract of edible plants, was developed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as the radical reagent. The method was established on the basis of the features of the typical chain-breaking antioxidation reaction mechanism, which suggests that the radical scavenging antioxidant should be converted to other stable nonradical compounds during the reaction. This method requires only a simple HPLC instrument, and the disappearance or decrease in the peak intensity, which is induced by the addition of DPPH. This change is monitored by the HPLC to detect the powerful radical scavenger from the complex mixture. The method was applied to the detection and identification of the most powerful antiradical compound in the extracts of three antioxidatively active plant extracts (Psidium guajava, Citrus depressa, and Hypericum chinense). The radical scavenging efficiency of a newly identified compound from H. chinense was also compared with that of Trolox and catechin using the method.  相似文献