The new carotenoid pigment moraxanthin is associated with toxic microalgae     

Mangoni O  Imperatore C  Tomas CR  Costantino V  Saggiomo V  Mangoni A 《Marine drugs》2011,9(2):242-255

The new pigment "moraxanthin" was found in natural samples from a fish mortality site in the Inland Bays of Delaware, USA. Pure cultures of the species, tentatively named Chattonella cf. verruculosa, and natural samples contained this pigment as a dominant carotenoid. The pigment, obtained from a 10 L culture of C. cf. verruculosa, was isolated and harvested by HPLC and its structure determined from MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR. The data identified this pigment as a new acylated form of vaucheriaxanthin called moraxanthin after the berry like algal cell. Its presence in pure cultures and in natural bloom samples indicates that moraxanthin is specific to C. cf. verruculosa and can be used as a marker of its presence when HPLC is used to analyze natural blooms samples.  相似文献   

Kinematic Characterization of the Menorca Horse at the Walk and the Trot: Influence of Hind Limb Pastern Angle     

Marina Solé  Maria D. Gómez  Alfonso Martínez Galisteo  Rute Santos  Mercedes Valera 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

This paper describes the handled walking and trotting kinematics (linear, temporal, and angular traits) of 35 Menorca Purebred (MEN) stallions, and the relationships among these variables is presented for the first time, along with a discussion of the influence of the hind limb pastern angle on kinematic variables at both gaits. For data collection, all animals, aged between 3 and 10 years old and belonging to 28 different studs, were recorded under the same experimental and environmental conditions, using a three-dimensional (3D) semiautomatic movement analysis system. A total of 24 kinematic variables (temporal, linear, and angular) at the walk and the trot and a morphometric variable measured at the mid stance position of walking (hind pastern angle) were included in this analysis. Angle-time diagrams of the hind pastern angle while walking and trotting normalized to stride duration were also obtained. Generally the MEN stallions' forelimb movements closely resembled the movement characteristics of other European dressage performance breeds, while the hind limb locomotion showed a greater likeness to Iberian dressage Purebreds. Despite this, their ability in collection and propulsion at the walk and the trot was relatively low. The hind limb pastern conformation was partially connected to the hind limb movements for both gaits, with an apparently negative effect of excessively upright pasterns on the amplitude at the trot, which indirectly reduced collection ability.  相似文献   

Up‐Regulation of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I and Uteroglobin in In Vivo‐Developed Parthenogenetic Embryos     

C Naturil‐Alfonso  JS Vicente  DS Peñaranda  F Marco‐Jiménez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(1):126-130

Parthenote embryos are being considered as an alternative source of embryonic stem cells. However, as there is still a dearth of knowledge of this kind of embryos, a better understanding of their biology is needed for their application. In this work, we studied the differences and similarities between parthenotes and normal embryos at the blastocyst stage in vivo developed. We analysed the expression of factor OCT‐4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and uteroglobin (UG) by real‐time PCR. To do so, oocytes were recovered and after activation procedure were transferred by ventral middle laparoscopy to receptive does to undergo completely in vivo development. Does were slaughtered 6 days post‐ovulation induction, and parthenote and normal embryos were recovered for mRNA expression analysis. Our results reported that parthenotes and normal embryos showed similar mRNA expression for OCT‐4 and VEGF. However, IGF‐I and UG showed to be over‐expressed in parthenote embryos. Thus, our study highlights that despite the in vivo development of parthenotes, they still seem to have an altered expression and, therefore, to be different to normal embryos. The altered expression pattern of parthenote embryos suggests that these embryos should be studied carefully before future application.  相似文献   

Fumigation efficacy and emission reduction using low‐permeability film in orchard soil fumigation          下载免费PDF全文

Suduan Gao  Lynn M Sosnoskie  Jose Alfonso Cabrera  Ruijun Qin  Bradley D Hanson  James S Gerik  Dong Wang  Greg T Browne  John E Thomas 《Pest management science》2016,72(2):306-314

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Effects of CO2 dissolution on phase distribution and degradation of dimethyl disulfide in soils under grape production          下载免费PDF全文

Jeremy L Conkle  Jose Alfonso Cabrera  John E Thomas  Dong Wang  Jay Gan 《Pest management science》2016,72(2):349-353

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A comparison of polymorphism information content and mean of transformed kinships as criteria for selecting informative subsets of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. s. l.) from the USDA Barley Core Collection     

Ryan C. Graebner  Patrick M. Hayes  Christina H. Hagerty  Alfonso Cuesta-Marcos 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(3):477-482

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Spanish barley landraces outperform modern cultivars at low‐productivity sites     

Samia Yahiaoui  Alfonso Cuesta‐Marcos  Maria P. Gracia  Blanca Medina  José M. Lasa  Ana M. Casas  Francisco J. Ciudad  José L. Montoya  Marian Moralejo  José L. Molina‐Cano  Ernesto Igartua 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(2):218-226

Barley landraces from the western Mediterranean area have not been thoroughly exploited by modern breeding. This study aims at assessing the agronomic value of a core collection of lines derived from landraces of Spanish origin and to compare them with sets of successful old and modern cultivars. The agronomic performance of a set of 175 barley genotypes, comprising 159 landrace‐derived lines and 26 cultivars, was evaluated in a series of 10 field trials, carried out over 3 years and several locations. The most relevant trait of the landraces was higher grain yield at low production sites than cultivars, which may be related with better ability to fill the grain under stressful conditions. On the other hand, lateness, excessive plant height and lodging were negative traits frequently found in the landraces. Large genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GEI) for grain yield was detected, related partly with differences between germplasm groups, probably indicating local adaptation. GEI was also associated with the interaction of heading time and powdery mildew resistance with temperature.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the contents of iridoid oleuropein in olive leaves (Olea europaea L.)     

Ranalli A  Contento S  Lucera L  Di Febo M  Marchegiani D  Di Fonzo V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(2):434-440

In this study, for the first time, the impact of the genetic factor on the contents of oleuropein in olive leaves was not only evaluated but the influence exerted by the color/age of leaves (green, green-yellowish, and yellow) and the collecting period (spring or autumn) was also evaluated. A repetitive high-resolution gas chromatographic quantitation method and an accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method were developed. These analytical methods gave results showing a highly linear relationship. Samples of olive leaves were taken from seven major Italian olive cultivars, such as Dritta, Leccino, Caroleo, Coratina, Castiglionese, Nebbio, and Grossa di Cassano. Such a vegetal raw material could actually be exploited for recovering oleuropein, considered to be a high-added value molecule. This could be converted into hydrxytyrosol, a compound known to possess strong bioactive properties. Olive leaves showed considerable contents of oleuropein, which with some cultivars were even higher with respect to those present in the corresponding olive fruits (reported in the literature). The amounts of oleuropein in the collected leaves were markedly modified by the color/age and genetic factors, whereas meaningless variations were ascribable to the quantitation method and the collecting period factors. Various chemometrics, applied to the obtained analytical data, appeared to be effective in discriminating the samples on the basis of the above-examined experimental factors, thus confirming how these should be taken into account in future industrial recovery of oleuropein from olive leaves.  相似文献   

Clinical, humoral, and pathologic findings in adult alpacas with experimentally induced Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection     

Braga WU  Chavera AE  González AE 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(9):1570-1574

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Maternal oxytocin triggers a transient inhibitory switch in GABA signaling in the fetal brain during delivery     

Tyzio R  Cossart R  Khalilov I  Minlebaev M  Hübner CA  Represa A  Ben-Ari Y  Khazipov R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5806):1788-1792

We report a signaling mechanism in rats between mother and fetus aimed at preparing fetal neurons for delivery. In immature neurons, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter. We found that, shortly before delivery, there is a transient reduction in the intracellular chloride concentration and an excitatory-to-inhibitory switch of GABA actions. These events were triggered by oxytocin, an essential maternal hormone for labor. In vivo administration of an oxytocin receptor antagonist before delivery prevented the switch of GABA actions in fetal neurons and aggravated the severity of anoxic episodes. Thus, maternal oxytocin inhibits fetal neurons and increases their resistance to insults during delivery.  相似文献