Evaluation of genetic diversity of Aegilops tauschii accessions using morphological characters     

Sajjad Mansouri  Ali Ashraf Mehrabi  Danial Kahrizi 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(3):197-200

A collection of sixty-three accessions of Ae. tauschii belonging to different eco-geographical regions were used to evaluate its genetic diversity by 15 morphological characters. The data recorded were analyzed on all accessions using multivariate analyses. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that first six principal components with eigenvalues more than 1 explained 77.2% of the variability amongst accessions. Through cluster analysis according to Euclidian distance and UPGMA method, accessions divided into three groups. Knowledge of genetic diversity in Aegilops species provides different levels of information which is important in the management of germplasm resources.  相似文献   

Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transdifferentiation into Oligodendrocyte-Like Cells Using Triiodothyronine as a Inducer with Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor α as a Maturity Marker     

Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh  Taki Tiraihi  Ali Reza Delshad  Majid Saghedi Zadeh  Taher Taheri 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2013,17(2):62-70

Background: The present study investigated the functional maturity of oligodendrocyte derived from rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). Methods: The BMSC were isolated from female Sprague-Dawley rats and evaluated for different markers, such as fibronectin, CD106, CD90, Oct-4 and CD45. Transdifferentiation of OLC from BMSC was obtained by exposing the BMSC to DMSO and 1 µM all-trans-retinoic acid during the pre-induction stage and then induced by heregulin (HRG), platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGFR-α), fibroblast growth factor and T3. The neuroprogenitor cells (NPC) were evaluated for nestin, neurofilament 68, neurofilament 160 and glial fibrillary acidic protein gene expression using immunocytochemistry. The OLC were assessed by immunocytochemistry for O4, oligo2, O1 and MBP marker and gene expression of PDGFR-α was examined by RT-PCR. Results: Our results showed that the fibronectin, CD106, CD90, CD45 and Oct-4 were expressed after the fourth passage. Also, the yield of OLC differentiation was about 71% when using the O1, O4 and oligo2 markers. Likewise, the expression of PDGFR-α in pre-oligodendrocytes was noticed, while MBP expression was detected in oligodendrocyte after 6 days of the induction. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study showed that BMSC can be induced to transdifferentiate into mature OLC. Key Words: Bone marrow stromal cell, Triiodothyronine, Platelet-derived growth factor α  相似文献   

Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an Alternative for Schwann Cells in Rat Spinal Cord Injury     

Arash Zaminy  Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar  Yousef Sadeghi  Mohsen Noroozian  Mohammad Hassan Heidari  Abbas Piryaei 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2013,17(3):113-122

Background: Spinal cord has a limited capacity to repair; therefore, medical interventions are necessary for treatment of injuries. Transplantation of Schwann cells has shown a great promising result for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, harvesting Schwann cell has been limited due to donor morbidity and limited expansion capacity. Furthermore, accessible sources such as bone marrow stem cells have drawn attentions to themselves. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of bone marrow-derived Schwann cell on functional recovery in adult rats after injury. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were cultured from adult rats’ bone marrow and induced into Schwann cells in vitro. Differentiation was confirmed by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Next, Schwann cells were seeded into collagen scaffolds and engrafted in 3 mm lateral hemisection defects. For 8 weeks, motor and sensory improvements were assessed by open field locomotor scale, narrow beam, and tail flick tests. Afterwards, lesioned spinal cord was evaluated by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: In vitro observations showed that differentiated cells had Schwann cell morphology and markers. In this study, we had four groups (n = 10 each): laminectomy, control, scaffold and scaffold + Schwann cells. Locomotor and sensory scores of cell grafted group were significantly better than control and scaffold groups. In histology, axonal regeneration and remyelination were better than control and scaffold groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that bone marrow-derived Schwann cells can be considered as a cell source for Schwann cells in SCI treatment. Key Words: Rats, Spinal cord injuries (SCI), Bone marrow, Schwann cells, Cell transdifferentiation  相似文献   

Chronic Ritalin Administration during Adulthood Increases Serotonin Pool in Rat Medial Frontal Cortex     

Samira Daniali  Arezo Nahavandi  Zahra Madjd  Ali Shahbazi  Somayeh Niknazar  Delavar Shahbazzadeh 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2013,17(3):134-139

Background: Ritalin has high tendency to be abused. It has been the main indication to control attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The college students may seek for it to improve their memory, decrease the need for sleep (especially during exams), which at least partially, can be related to serotonergic system. Therefore, it seems worthy to evaluate the effect of Ritalin intake on mature brain. There are many studies on Ritalin effect on developing brain, but only few studies on adults are available. This study was undertaken to find Ritalin effect on serotonin transporter (SERT) density in medial frontal cortex (MFC) of mature rat. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were used in the study. Rats were assigned into five groups (n = 6 per group): one control, two Ritalin and two vehicle groups. Twelve rats received Ritalin (20 mg/kg/twice a day) orally for eleven continuous days. After one week of withdrawal and another two weeks of rest, in order to evaluate short-term effects of Ritalin, six rats were sacrificed. Another six rats were studied to detect the long-term effects of Ritalin; therefore, they were sacrificed 12 weeks after the previous group. The immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the results. Results: Immunohistochemistry studies showed a higher density of SERT in both 2 and 12 weeks after withdrawal from Ritalin intake in MFC of rat and there was no significant difference between these two groups. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated both short- and long-term effects of Ritalin on frontal serotonergic system after withdrawal period.Key Words: Ritalin, Serotonin, Rats  相似文献   

Improvement in the fracture toughness (Mode I) of laminated glass fabric composites through air-jet texturing     

Ali Hasan Mahmood  R. H. Gong  I. Porat 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(4):591-596

Delamination is the most common failure mode in laminated composites due to the reduced strength in the through-the-thickness direction. Air-jet texturing was used to provide more surface contact between the fibres and the resin by producing bulk and loops in the yarn. The development and characterization of core-and-effect textured glass yarns and the effect of texturing on the mechanical properties of laminated composites were presented in the previous papers. This paper describes the effect of texturing on the inter-laminar fracture toughness (Mode I) of glass laminated composites. The composites of twill weave fabrics were developed from both the textured and non-textured yarn and fracture toughness is tested in warp and weft directions. Significant improvement was observed in the Mode I fracture toughness of the composites after texturing. The bulkier, loopy structure of the textured yarn provided more surface contact between the fibre and the resin and significantly improved the bonding strength.  相似文献   

The Lost Coast—Humboldt & Mendocino County,California     

Ali Arastu 《The Forestry Chronicle》2013,24(3):305

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Anti-acne activity of tannin-related compounds isolated from Terminalia laxiflora     

Ali Mahmoud Muddathir  Kosei Yamauchi  Tohru Mitsunaga 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(5):426-431

In our investigation to find out new anti-acne agent, we focused on Terminalia laxiflora Engl & Diels (Combretaceae) methanolic wood extract, which has been selected during previous screening experiments for anti-acne agents, which included 29 species of Sudanese medicinal plants. Based on the biologically guided fractionation using an antibacterial assay against Propionibacterium acnes, a lipase inhibitory assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay; five tannin-related compounds were isolated, such as ellagic acid, flavogallonic acid dilactone, terchebulin and gallic acid. Terchebulin showed good antibacterial activity; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 125 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 250 μg/ml. Gallic acid exhibited lipase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of 149.3 μM, which showed strong inhibition compared with terchebulin, IC₅₀ 260.7 μM. However, all compounds exhibited better or equal DPPH radical scavenging activity to (+)-catechin as positive control. Ellagic acid and terchebulin showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activities, IC₅₀ 4.86 and 4.90 μM, respectively. This study demonstrated that terchebulin has potentiality as an anti-acne agent.  相似文献   

Toxicity of three insecticides and tobacco extract against the fungus gnat, Lycoriella auripila and the economic injury level of the gnat on button mushroom     

Najmeh Shirvani-Farsani  Abbas Ali Zamani  Saeed Abbasi  Katayoon Kheradmand 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(3):591-597

Lycoriella auripila (Winnertz) (Diptera: Sciaridae) is one of the most frequently seen pests of cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. The effects of different concentrations of diazinon, imidacloprid and deltamethrin, and tobacco extract were tested against L. auripila on varieties 737 and A15 of button mushroom. Also, economic injury level (EIL) of fungus gnat was evaluated on variety 737. Different varieties of button mushroom were cultured and weight of harvested mushrooms was recorded to provide an estimate of yield loss. A linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between pest density and mushroom yield. Imidacloprid was the most effective insecticide against L. auripila on both varieties and caused 100 % control at the highest tested concentration. The lowest concentration of diazinon (500 ppm a.i.) increased pest emergence on 737 and A15. This is possibly due to the hormoligosis. Deltamethrin and tobacco extract were ineffective against fungus gnat between both varieties. High levels of adults of L. auripila were associated with significant reduction in mushroom yield. EIL were calculated according to the number of L. auripila required to cause the critical yield loss from the predictive model and by control costs, mushroom price, and the reduction of injury due to spraying by imidacloprid and diazinon. The lowest values of EIL were related to imidacloprid compared with diazinon. This is due to the different efficiency of these two insecticides, for it causes mortality in population of L. auripila. Based on this research, for the first time clear EILs are introduced to the button mushroom growers for treatment of L. auripila.  相似文献   

Comparing Genotypes of Different Body Sizes for Growth-related Traits in Chickens. II. Feed Consumption Performance under Choice Feeding Using Commercial Starter Ration and Whole-grain Wheat     

K. O. Ali  U. T. Brenøe 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):246-252

Three genotypes of chickens including one commercial broiler (CB) and two others from the Norwegian gene bank [Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) and Jærhøn (JH)] were raised from 1 day to 20 weeks of age with a free choice of a commercial starter ration and whole-grain wheat. Body weights and pen-feed intakes were recorded every 2 weeks. The weight–age data were fitted to a Gompertz growth equation where, among other parameters, adult body weights were estimated and used for size scaling. The heavier CB chickens consumed more food (starter and wheat) than the other two genotypes. The maximum proportions of whole-grain wheat in the diet were 0.56, 0.68 and 0.75 for BPR, CB and JH birds, respectively. Although the proportions of whole-grain wheat were similar between the genotypes as age progressed, their maintenance requirement and feed intakes relative to body weight suggested a major genetic role and a possible interplay of both genetic potential and body size.  相似文献   

Combined effect of genetic and environmental factors on the accumulation of proteins in the wheat grain and their relationship to bread-making quality     

Ali Hafeez Malik  Ramune Kuktaite  Eva Johansson 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

Bread-making quality of wheat flour is largely determined by the accumulation, concentration and composition of the proteins in the grain, which are influenced by genetic (G) and environment (E) variation and their interactions. We have therefore evaluated the importance of G and E factors and their interactions in determining the accumulation and composition of the proteins in the wheat grain. The cultivar determined development time (CDDT), together with the amount and timing of N application, played a significant role in determining the accumulation and final composition of the wheat grain proteins, explaining 21–59% of the variation. At low temperature, N application both at spike formation and at anthesis explained the highest proportion of variation (36%) in the percentage of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) unextractable polymers in the total amount of polymers (% UPP), while at high temperature CDDT contributed most to the variation in % UPP (20%). The largest contributor to variation in the amount of total SDS extractable proteins (TOTE) was N application at anthesis, both at low and high temperatures (12% and 36%, respectively). Thus, the climate should be considered in recommendations for improving the protein quality and thereby the bread-making quality of wheat.  相似文献