Improvement in the fracture toughness (Mode I) of laminated glass fabric composites through air-jet texturing     

Ali Hasan Mahmood  R. H. Gong  I. Porat 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(4):591-596

Delamination is the most common failure mode in laminated composites due to the reduced strength in the through-the-thickness direction. Air-jet texturing was used to provide more surface contact between the fibres and the resin by producing bulk and loops in the yarn. The development and characterization of core-and-effect textured glass yarns and the effect of texturing on the mechanical properties of laminated composites were presented in the previous papers. This paper describes the effect of texturing on the inter-laminar fracture toughness (Mode I) of glass laminated composites. The composites of twill weave fabrics were developed from both the textured and non-textured yarn and fracture toughness is tested in warp and weft directions. Significant improvement was observed in the Mode I fracture toughness of the composites after texturing. The bulkier, loopy structure of the textured yarn provided more surface contact between the fibre and the resin and significantly improved the bonding strength.  相似文献   

The Lost Coast—Humboldt & Mendocino County,California     

Ali Arastu 《The Forestry Chronicle》2013,24(3):305

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Anti-acne activity of tannin-related compounds isolated from Terminalia laxiflora     

Ali Mahmoud Muddathir  Kosei Yamauchi  Tohru Mitsunaga 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(5):426-431

In our investigation to find out new anti-acne agent, we focused on Terminalia laxiflora Engl & Diels (Combretaceae) methanolic wood extract, which has been selected during previous screening experiments for anti-acne agents, which included 29 species of Sudanese medicinal plants. Based on the biologically guided fractionation using an antibacterial assay against Propionibacterium acnes, a lipase inhibitory assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay; five tannin-related compounds were isolated, such as ellagic acid, flavogallonic acid dilactone, terchebulin and gallic acid. Terchebulin showed good antibacterial activity; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 125 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 250 μg/ml. Gallic acid exhibited lipase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of 149.3 μM, which showed strong inhibition compared with terchebulin, IC₅₀ 260.7 μM. However, all compounds exhibited better or equal DPPH radical scavenging activity to (+)-catechin as positive control. Ellagic acid and terchebulin showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activities, IC₅₀ 4.86 and 4.90 μM, respectively. This study demonstrated that terchebulin has potentiality as an anti-acne agent.  相似文献   

Toxicity of three insecticides and tobacco extract against the fungus gnat, Lycoriella auripila and the economic injury level of the gnat on button mushroom     

Najmeh Shirvani-Farsani  Abbas Ali Zamani  Saeed Abbasi  Katayoon Kheradmand 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(3):591-597

Lycoriella auripila (Winnertz) (Diptera: Sciaridae) is one of the most frequently seen pests of cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. The effects of different concentrations of diazinon, imidacloprid and deltamethrin, and tobacco extract were tested against L. auripila on varieties 737 and A15 of button mushroom. Also, economic injury level (EIL) of fungus gnat was evaluated on variety 737. Different varieties of button mushroom were cultured and weight of harvested mushrooms was recorded to provide an estimate of yield loss. A linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between pest density and mushroom yield. Imidacloprid was the most effective insecticide against L. auripila on both varieties and caused 100 % control at the highest tested concentration. The lowest concentration of diazinon (500 ppm a.i.) increased pest emergence on 737 and A15. This is possibly due to the hormoligosis. Deltamethrin and tobacco extract were ineffective against fungus gnat between both varieties. High levels of adults of L. auripila were associated with significant reduction in mushroom yield. EIL were calculated according to the number of L. auripila required to cause the critical yield loss from the predictive model and by control costs, mushroom price, and the reduction of injury due to spraying by imidacloprid and diazinon. The lowest values of EIL were related to imidacloprid compared with diazinon. This is due to the different efficiency of these two insecticides, for it causes mortality in population of L. auripila. Based on this research, for the first time clear EILs are introduced to the button mushroom growers for treatment of L. auripila.  相似文献   

Comparing Genotypes of Different Body Sizes for Growth-related Traits in Chickens. II. Feed Consumption Performance under Choice Feeding Using Commercial Starter Ration and Whole-grain Wheat     

K. O. Ali  U. T. Brenøe 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):246-252

Three genotypes of chickens including one commercial broiler (CB) and two others from the Norwegian gene bank [Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) and Jærhøn (JH)] were raised from 1 day to 20 weeks of age with a free choice of a commercial starter ration and whole-grain wheat. Body weights and pen-feed intakes were recorded every 2 weeks. The weight–age data were fitted to a Gompertz growth equation where, among other parameters, adult body weights were estimated and used for size scaling. The heavier CB chickens consumed more food (starter and wheat) than the other two genotypes. The maximum proportions of whole-grain wheat in the diet were 0.56, 0.68 and 0.75 for BPR, CB and JH birds, respectively. Although the proportions of whole-grain wheat were similar between the genotypes as age progressed, their maintenance requirement and feed intakes relative to body weight suggested a major genetic role and a possible interplay of both genetic potential and body size.  相似文献   

Combined effect of genetic and environmental factors on the accumulation of proteins in the wheat grain and their relationship to bread-making quality     

Ali Hafeez Malik  Ramune Kuktaite  Eva Johansson 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

Bread-making quality of wheat flour is largely determined by the accumulation, concentration and composition of the proteins in the grain, which are influenced by genetic (G) and environment (E) variation and their interactions. We have therefore evaluated the importance of G and E factors and their interactions in determining the accumulation and composition of the proteins in the wheat grain. The cultivar determined development time (CDDT), together with the amount and timing of N application, played a significant role in determining the accumulation and final composition of the wheat grain proteins, explaining 21–59% of the variation. At low temperature, N application both at spike formation and at anthesis explained the highest proportion of variation (36%) in the percentage of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) unextractable polymers in the total amount of polymers (% UPP), while at high temperature CDDT contributed most to the variation in % UPP (20%). The largest contributor to variation in the amount of total SDS extractable proteins (TOTE) was N application at anthesis, both at low and high temperatures (12% and 36%, respectively). Thus, the climate should be considered in recommendations for improving the protein quality and thereby the bread-making quality of wheat.  相似文献   

Influence of nitrogen application on dry biomass allocation and translocation in two maize varieties under short pre-anthesis and prolonged bracketing flowering periods of drought     

Md. Samim Hossain Molla  Sutkhet Nakasathien  Md. Akkas Ali  ASMMR Khan  Md. Robiul Alam 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(7):928-944

Plants have evolved different mechanisms to survive under stress conditions. This field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of nitrogen (N) application on dry biomass allocation and translocation in two maize varieties under short pre-anthesis and prolonged bracketing flowering period of drought. Two maize varieties, ‘Pioneer 30B80? and ‘Suwan 4452? receiving N at 0 (control), 160 (optimal) and 320 (supra-optimal) kg ha^?1 were subjected to short pre-anthesis and prolonged bracketing flowering periods of drought. Prolonged bracketing flowering period of drought had more suppressive effect on anthesis-silking interval, dry matter allocation and translocation, leaf greenness, contribution of current assimilates to grain (CCAG), kernel number, kernel weight and kernel yield of two maize varieties than a short pre-anthesis drought. Nitrogen application at optimal level was the best for all traits, except CCAG. The maize variety ‘Pioneer 30B80? performed better under both drought types due to more root xylem vessels of large size and more accumulation of dry matter in leaves and roots than the variety ‘Suwan 4452?. Therefore, the variety ‘Pioneer 30B80? may be planted in drought prone environments and may be used in breeding program aimed at developing drought-tolerant cultivars.  相似文献   

Enhancement of Depleted Loam Soil as Well as Cucumber Productivity Utilizing Biochar Under Water Stress     

Abubaker  B. Ali  Yan Haofang  Li Hong  Wu Yan You  Nazar A. Elshaikh  Gameraldawla Hussein 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(1):49-64

Biochar has recently received increased attention because it improves poor soil fertility. However, its potentiality to enhance soil physical properties under water stress conditions not yet deeply investigated. Hence, extensive field investigations were carried out to study the effects of biochar addition (BA) with deficit irrigation (DI) on soil bulk density (BD), porosity percentage (P%), soil moisture content (SMC%), soil hydraulic conductivity (K), cucumber yield and water use efficiency (WUE) during two consecutive seasons (2016 and 2017). The biochar treatments were B₀ (0 ton ha^?1), B₁ (10 ton ha^?1and B₂ (20 ton ha^?1), while the DI treatments were 1.0 (W₁), 0.60 (W₂) and 0.40 (W₃) of the reference evapotranspiration (ET₀). The parameters were measured at soil depths of 0–10 (d₁), 10–20 (d₂) and 20–30 cm (d₃) for measurement periods of before sowing (P₁), mid-season (P₂) and after harvest (P₃). The results showed that the B₂W₁ combination gave the highest yield (57 and 45.2 t ha^?1), WUE (10.94 and 11.27 kg m^?3), SMC (39.2 and 40.1%) in both seasons, respectively. The B₂W₃ had the highest porosity (47.5 and 46.1%) values at the d₁. Meanwhile, the lowest soil BD values of 1.1 and 1.05 g cm^?3 were obtained by the B₂W₁ at d₁ for 2.16 and 2017, respectively. Statistically, most of the parameters studied under B₂W₂ and B₀W₁ had non-significant differences between them. Hence, the addition of biochar with DI could be an integrated approach to address the drought stress, while enhancing soil and plant properties.  相似文献   

Pollen morphology and trichome types of Betula spp. in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran     

Vahide Payamnoor  Ali Sattarian  Amir Kordalivand  Jahangir Mohammadi 《林业研究》2019,(4):1191-1198

Pollen and trichome morphology of the genus Betula were evaluated from three main habitats in Iran using light and electron microscopy.Pollen types were identical and tri-porate;however,in terms of quantitative data,some differences were observed in exine(outside)wall thickness,length of polar axis and length of equatorial axis,possibly due to the environment.Pollen alone is insufficient to separate species of Iranian birch.Investigation of the trichome trait(small hairs or other outgrowths)revealed that birch species in Iran belong to:(1)Betula litwinowii Doluch.according to the low density of trichomes on the adaxial surface of the leaves and the lack of trichomes on the abaxial surface and many trichomes on the petioles;(2)Betula pendula Roth.due to the absence of trichomes on the adaxial surface and the low density of trichomes on the abaxial surface;and,(3)in the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves and petioles,the trichomes had different types of pilose(long,soft hairs),and this strengthens the possibility of a different species or more likely a hybrid of B.pendula.  相似文献   

Land use change modeling through an integrated Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and Markov Chain analysis(case study: Arasbaran region,Iran)     

Vahid Nasiri  Ali.A.Darvishsefat  Reza Rafiee  Anoushirvan Shirvany  Mohammad Avatefi Hemat 《林业研究》2019,(3):943-957

Temporal land use/land cover (LULC) change information provides a variety of applications for informed management of land resources. The aim of this study was to detect and predict LULC changes in the Arasbaran region using an integrated Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and Markov Chain analysis. At the first step, multi-temporal Landsat images (1990, 2002 and 2014) were processed using ancillary data and were classified into seven LULC categories of high density forest, low-density forest, agriculture, grassland, barren land, water and urban area. Next, LULC changes were detected for three time profiles, 1990–2002, 2002–2014 and 1990–2014. A 2014 LULC map of the study area was further simulated (for model performance evaluation) applying 1990 and 2002 map layers. In addition, a collection of spatial variables was also used for modeling LULC change processes as driving forces. The actual and simulated 2014 LULC change maps were cross-tabulated and compared to ensure model simulation success and the results indicated an overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 97.79% and 0.992, respectively. Having the model properly validated, LULC change was predicted up to the year 2025. The results demonstrated that 992 and 1592 ha of high and lowdensity forests were degraded during 1990–2014,respectively, while 422 ha were added to the extent of residential areas with a growth rate of 17.58 ha per year. The developed model predicted a considerable degradation trend for the forest categories through 2025, accounting for 489 and 531 ha of loss for high and low-density forests, respectively. By way of contrast, residential area and farmland categories will increase up to 211 and 427 ha, respectively. The integrated prediction model and customary area data can be used for practical management efforts by simulating vegetation dynamics and future LULC change trajectories.  相似文献