Efficacy of vaccination of cattle with the Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno component of a pentavalent Leptospira bacterin against experimental challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis     

Rinehart CL  Zimmerman AD  Buterbaugh RE  Jolie RA  Chase CC 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(5):735-740

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Existence of two O-serotypes in the fish pathogen Pseudomonas anguilliseptica   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

López-Romalde S  Magariños B  Ravelo C  Toranzo AE  Romalde JL 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,94(4):325-333

The serological characteristics of a group of 32 Pseudomonas anguilliseptica strains isolated in Spain from seabream (Sparus aurata) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were compared with a total of 18 collection strains of this bacterial species with different geographical and host origin. The employment of different techniques, including slide agglutination, microagglutination and dot blot, allowed us to establish two serological groups, one comprising practically all the eel isolates, and the other including the majority of isolates from other fish species. The study of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and outer membrane proteins (OMP) corroborated these results, indicating that the serological differences among strains are due to the somatic antigen and not to antigenic determinants of protein nature. Therefore, a serological scheme of two "O" serotypes is proposed for P. anguilliseptica. The results obtained will be of importance for epidemiological studies as well as for the design of adequate vaccine formulations.  相似文献   

pH-Dependent Solution Structure and Activity of a Reduced Form of the Host-Defense Peptide Myticin C (Myt C) from the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis     

Alicia Martinez-Lopez  Jose Antonio Encinar  Regla Maria Medina-Gali  Pablo Balseiro  Pablo Garcia-Valtanen  Antonio Figueras  Beatriz Novoa  Amparo Estepa 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2328-2346

Myticin C (Myt C) is a highly variable host-defense peptide (HDP) associated to the immune response in the mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), which has shown to be active across species due to its strong antiviral activity against a fish rhabdovirus found in fish cells overexpressing this HDP. However, the potential antimicrobial properties of any synthetic analogue of Myt C has not yet been analysed. Thus, in this work we have synthesised the sequence of the mature peptide of Myt C variant c and analysed the structure activity relationships of its reduced (non-oxidized) form (red-MytCc). In contrast to results previously reported for oxidized isoforms of mussel myticins, red-MytCc was not active against bacteria at physiological pH and showed a moderate antiviral activity against the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) rhabdovirus. However, its chemotactic properties remained active. Structure/function studies in neutral and acid environments by means of infrared spectroscopy indicated that the structure of red-MytCc is pH dependent, with acid media increasing its alpha-helical content. Furthermore, red-MytCc was able to efficiently aggregate artificial phospholipid membranes at low pH, as well as to inhibit the Escherichia coli growth, suggesting that this activity is attributable to its more structured form in an acidic environment. All together, these results highlight the dynamic and environmentally sensitive behavior of red-Myt C in solution, and provide important insights into Myt C structure/activity relationships and the requirements to exert its antimicrobial/immunomodulatory activities. On the other hand, the pH-dependent direct antimicrobial activity of Myt C suggests that this HDP may be a suitable template for the development of antimicrobial agents that would function selectively in specific pH environments, which are sorely needed in this “antibiotic-resistance era”.  相似文献   

The Effect of 17α-Ethynylestradiol on Steroidogenesis and Gonadal Cytokine Gene Expression Is Related to the Reproductive Stage in Marine Hermaphrodite Fish     

Isabel Cabas  Elena Chaves-Pozo  Alicia García-Alcázar  José Meseguer  Victoriano Mulero  Alfonsa García-Ayala 《Marine drugs》2013,11(12):4973-4992

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Persistence and molecular evolution of Mycobacterium bovis population from cattle and wildlife in Doñana National Park revealed by genotype variation     

Romero B  Aranaz A  Sandoval A  Alvarez J  de Juan L  Bezos J  Sánchez C  Galka M  Fernández P  Mateos A  Domínguez L 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,132(1-2):87-95

The role of wildlife in tuberculosis epidemiology is being widely studied since it can affect the effectiveness of eradication campaigns in cattle. The health problem is enhanced when it concerns also wildlife welfare and biodiversity conservation. This study was performed to understand the epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis population affecting livestock and wild animals in the Do?ana National Park using bacteriology and molecular characterisation techniques. Tuberculosis research was performed on 1209 cattle and wild animals (artiodactyla and carnivore) collected over 6 years in the Park. One hundred and sixty-three animals were found to be infected with M. bovis, comprising 7.96% of the cattle and 20.53% of the wild animals tested. Spoligotyping revealed nine patterns, being SB1232 and SB1230 the most prevalent (77.30% and 15.34% of infected animals, respectively). MIRU-VNTR analysis of a selected panel of 92 isolates showed eight different profiles, including several spoligotypes within the same MIRU-VNTR profile. The discriminatory capacity of both techniques in this panel was similar. The results obtained by combination of both techniques corroborate that wildlife species are infected with the M. bovis strains which are more prevalent in cattle and reveal their persistence. Genotype variation between isolates strongly suggests micro-evolutionary events in the M. bovis population in the same area. This study in the Do?ana National Park exposes the risk of introduction of domestic animals into wildlife areas when there is not a warranty of disease freedom, appropriate diagnostic techniques and control measures.  相似文献   

Safety and efficacy of orally administered telmisartan for the treatment of systemic hypertension in cats: Results of a double‐blind,placebo‐controlled,randomized clinical trial     

Amanda E. Coleman  Scott A. Brown  Anne M. Traas  Lawrence Bryson  Tanja Zimmering  Alicia Zimmerman 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):478-488

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Effects of supplemental feeding on gastrointestinal parasite infection in elk (Cervus elaphus): preliminary observations     

Hines AM  Ezenwa VO  Cross P  Rogerson JD 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(3-4):350-355

The effects of management practices on the spread and impact of parasites and infectious diseases in wildlife and domestic animals are of increasing concern worldwide, particularly in cases where management of wild species can influence disease spill-over into domestic animals. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA, winter supplemental feeding of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) may enhance parasite and disease transmission by aggregating elk on feedgrounds. In this study, we tested the effect of supplemental feeding on gastrointestinal parasite infection in elk by comparing fecal egg/oocyst counts of fed and unfed elk. We collected fecal samples from fed and unfed elk at feedground and control sites from January to April 2006, and screened all samples for parasites. Six different parasite types were identified, and 48.7% of samples were infected with at least one parasite. Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes (Nematoda: Strongylida), Trichuris spp., and coccidia were the most common parasites observed. For all three of these parasites, fecal egg/oocyst counts increased from January to April. Supplementally fed elk had significantly higher GI nematode egg counts than unfed elk in January and February, but significantly lower counts in April. These patterns suggest that supplemental feeding may both increase exposure and decrease susceptibility of elk to GI nematodes, resulting in differences in temporal patterns of egg shedding between fed and unfed elk.  相似文献   

Use of multiple admission variables better predicts intestinal strangulation in horses with colic than peritoneal or the ratio of peritoneal:blood l-lactate concentration     

Alicia E. Long  Louise L. Southwood  Tate B. Morris  Jerrianne E. Brandly  Darko Stefanovski 《Equine veterinary journal》2024,56(3):437-448

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Evidence for the facultative intracellular behaviour of the fish pathogen Vibrio ordalii     

Ruben Avendao‐Herrera  Eloisa Arias‐Muoz  Vernica Rojas  Alicia E. Toranzo  Matías Poblete‐Morales  Claudio Crdova  Rute Irgang 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(10):1447-1455

Vibrio ordalii is an extracellular, Gram‐negative bacterium that produces vibriosis in salmonids. While pathogenesis is not fully understood, this bacterium has numerous likely genes for adhesion, colonization, invasion factors and, as recently suggested, intracellular behaviour. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify possible intracellular behaviour for V. ordalii Vo‐LM‐18 and ATCC 33509^T in the fish‐cell lines SHK‐1 and CHSE‐214. Confocal microscopy revealed Vo‐LM‐18 and ATCC 33509^T inside cytoplasm in both fish‐cell lines at 4 hr post‐inoculation (hpi). At 8 and 16 hpi, the proportion of fish cells invaded by both strains increased. Moreover, intracellular V. ordalii were observed after 8 hpi inside mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), demonstrating that entry was not due to a cellular phagocytosis process. Flow cytometry confirmed immunocytochemistry results, with both V. ordalii evidencing statistically significant differences in the number of infected cells between 8 and 16 hpi. Interestingly, V. ordalii infection did not significantly damage fish cells, as determined by LDH liberation. Viable counts at 8 hpi detected, on average for both lines, 176 ± 47 CFU/ml of culturable intracellular Vo‐LM‐18 and ATCC 33509^T cells. These in vitro findings support the facultative intracellular behaviour of V. ordalii and may be of importance for understanding pathogenicity and survival in aquatic environments.  相似文献   

Puroindoline Genotype of the U.S. National Institute of Standards & Technology Reference Material 8441, Wheat Hardness     

Craig F. Morris  Alicia N. Massa 《Cereal Chemistry》2003,80(6):674-678

Grain hardness (kernel texture) is of central importance in the quality and utilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. Two major classes, soft and hard, are delineated in commerce and in the Official U.S. Standards for Grain. However, measures of grain hardness are empirical and require reference materials for instrument standardization. For AACC Approved Methods employing near‐infrared reflectance (NIR) and the Single Kernel Characterization System (39‐70A and 55‐31, respectively), such reference materials were prepared by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Federal Grain Inspection Service. The material was comprised of genetically pure commercial grain lots of five soft and five hard wheat cultivars and was made available through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (SRM 8441, Wheat Hardness). However, since their establishment, the molecular‐genetic basis of wheat grain hardness has been shown to result from puroindoline a and b. Consequently, we sought to define the puroindoline genotype of these 10 wheat cultivars and more fully characterize their kernel texture through Particle Size Index (PSI, Method 55‐30) and Quadrumat flour milling. NIR, SKCS, and Quadrumat break flour yield grouped the hard and soft cultivars into discrete texture classes; PSI did not separate completely the two classes. Although all four of these methods of texture measurement were highly intercorrelated, each was variably influenced by some minor, secondary factors. Among the hard wheats, the two hard red spring wheat cultivars that possess the Pina‐D1b (a‐null) hardness allele were harder than the hard red winter wheat cultivars that possess the Pinb‐D1b allele based on NIR, PSI, and break flour yield. Among the soft wheat samples, SKCS grouped the Eastern soft red winter cultivars separate from the Western soft white. A more complete understanding of texture‐related properties of these and future wheat samples is vital to the use and calibration of kernel texture‐measuring instruments.  相似文献