Including root architecture in a crop model improves predictions of spring wheat grain yield and above‐ground biomass under water limitations     

Cho Miltin Mboh  Amit Kumar Srivastava  Thomas Gaiser  Frank Ewert 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(2):109-128

Although the root length density (RLD) of crops depends on their root system architecture (RSA), the root growth modules of many 1D field crop models often ignored the RSA in the simulation of the RLD. In this study, two model set‐up scenarios were used to simulate the RLD, above‐ground biomass (AGB) and grain yield (GY) of water‐stressed spring wheat in Germany, aiming to investigate the impact of improved RLD on AGB and GY predictions. In scenario 1, SlimRoot, a root growth sub‐model that does not consider the RSA of the crop, was coupled to a Lintul5‐SlimNitrogen‐SoilCN‐Hillflow1D crop model combination. In scenario 2, SlimRoot was replaced with the Somma sub‐model which considered the RSA for simulating RLD. The simulated RLD, AGB and GY were compared with observations. Scenario 2 predicted the RLD, AGB and GY with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.43 cm/cm³, 0.59 t/ha and 1.03 t/ha, respectively, against 1.03 cm/cm³, 1.20 t/ha and 2.64 t/ha for scenario 1. The lower RMSE under scenario 2 shows that, even under water‐stress conditions, predictions of GY and AGB can be improved by considering the RSA of the crop for simulating the RLD.  相似文献   

A Novel Method for Combined Biowaste Stabilization and Production of Nitrate-Rich Liquid Fertilizer for Use in Organic Horticulture     

Amit Gross  Ofer Guy  Roy Posmanik  Pinchas Fine  Ali Nejidat 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1205-1214

A novel system for organic waste stabilization and reuse, combined with production of nitrate-rich liquid fertilizer was developed by manure digestion followed by volatilization of ammonia-rich gas (originating in manure extract) and its nitrification and recovery. This approach has several advantages, including biowaste stabilization and high recovery (over 60%) of manure N mainly as nitrate which is a better N form for many plants as compared to ammonium as the sole fertilizer N. Moreover, the potential utilization of different wastes as N sources in organic horticulture is possible as well as removal of suspended particles and microorganisms (including pathogens) that might otherwise clog the irrigation system and pose health risks, respectively. In a pilot-scale study, the system yielded several hundred liters of nitrate-rich (ca. 11 g N L⁻¹) liquid fertilizer using guano as substrate. In a fertilization experiment, lettuce fertigated with the nitrate-rich extract exhibited better growth and quality compared to the common organic practice of fertigation with guano extract. The resulting stabilized biowaste was estimated as “low-risk” according to current guidelines and may be used for liming or land application.  相似文献   

Interaction effect of nitrogen,phosphorus, and zinc fertilization on growth,yield, and nutrient contents of aromatic rice varieties     

Amit Anil Shahane  Dinesh Kumar  Radha Prasanna 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(18):2344-2355

Abstract

Studies on nutrient interactions in aromatic rice are needed for proper understanding of impact of imbalanced use of nutrients in the era of multi and micro-nutrient deficiencies. A pot experiment was conducted during the rainy/wet season (June–October) of 2013 at New Delhi, to study the interaction effects of two levels each of nitrogen (N) (0 and 120?kg?ha^?1), phosphorus (P; 0 and 25.8?kg?ha^?1), and zinc (Zn; 0 and 5?kg?ha^?1) in two aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, viz. Pusa Rice Hybrid 10 and Pusa Basmati 1121. Application of N, P, and Zn resulted in increase of dry matter (0.91, 0.32, and 0.24?g plant^?1, respectively) 60?days after sowing (DAS) and grain yield of rice (3.68, 1.67, and 1.17?g plant^?1). The increase in yield of rice owing to N application was relatively higher by 0.98, 0.22, and 1.05?g plant^?1, respectively, when either P or Zn or both were applied with N than alone application of N, indicating synergetic effect of P and Zn application with N. The higher concentration and uptake of K in grain (0.25% vs 0.10%) and straw (1.32% vs 0.94%) were observed in the treatment received N than no N, though K was applied uniformly in all the treatments. It indicates positive interaction of N and K. The higher uptake of P in grain and straw was observed when P was applied with N and Zn (3.34 and 2.15?mg plant^?1), or with N (3.26 and 2.11?mg plant^?1) signifying positive effect of N on P uptake in rice.  相似文献   

Zinc nutrition of rice as influenced by crop establishment methods,rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization and inoculation with microbial consortia     

Amit Anil Shahane  Dinesh Kumar  Radha Prasanna 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(16):1967-1981

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) fertilization in rice is important to enhance productivity and increase Zn concentration in rice grain to improve its nutritional status. A field experiment was conducted in wet seasons of 2013 and 2014 to study Zn nutrition of rice in three different crop establishment methods (CEMs) viz. puddled transplanted rice (PTR), system of rice intensification (SRI) and aerobic rice system (ARS), under three different rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) viz. 0, 75 and 100% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (120?kg N ha^?1 and 25.8?kg P ha^?1) and two different sources of N and P viz. chemical fertilizer and microbial inoculation (MI). Concentration and uptake of Zn at different growth stages and in straw and milled rice was significantly higher in PTR and SRI than ARS. Soil DTPA–extractable Zn content of soil was increased by 1142.4, 1140.3 and 755.8?g ha^?1 in PTR, SRI and ARS after two year of Zn fertilization (soil application of 5?kg Zn ha^?1). Zinc nutrition increase its Zn concentration in straw and milled rice and improvement in total uptake was 38.1, 40.3 and 40.8?g ha^?1 when Zn was applied with RDF, 75% RDF + Anabaena sp. (CR1) + Providencia sp (PR3) consortia (MI1) and 75% RDF + Anabaena-Pseudomonas biofilmed bio-fertilizer (MI2), respectively. Positive correlation between milled rice yield and Zn concentration (R²= 0.95 and 0.97) showed the importance of Zn nutrition in improving rice yield. Zinc concentration at 70?days after sowing (DAS) and 100 DAS was also found positively correlated with dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass carbon in soil.  相似文献   

Reuse of Stabilized Fowl Manure as Soil Amendment and Its Implication on Organic Agriculture Nutrition Management     

Roy Posmanik  Boaz Bar Sinay  Ramy Golan  Ali Nejidat  Amit Gross 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,216(1-4):537-545

A major input in intensive organic agriculture is nutrient-rich liquid fertilizers. Guano and other fowl manure are frequently digested in water extracts, and the supernatant is supplied as fertilizer. The resultant manure biowaste (MBW) is commonly disposed of to the environment, posing potential pollution and health risks. The study aims were to determine two types of fowl MBWs for their chemical properties before and after lime treatment and to test their reuse potential as soil amendment. Guano and layer manure were digested, and the residues?? chemical properties were analyzed before and after lime treatment. MBWs were then air-dried and used as a soil amendment in a parsley-growing experiment. The lime-treated MBW composition met the European standards for high-quality biowaste compost. Both digested and lime-treated MBWs had residual nitrogen, 3% and 1% in guano and layer manure, respectively. Parsley grown in soil amended with layer MBW had 100% survival, high yield, and good crop quality compared with controls. Plants grown with soil amended with guano biowaste exhibited lower yield and only 50% survival. These findings indicate that the current practice of disposing guano biowaste to the environment may pollute soil and water bodies, while the land spread of lime-treated layer MBW is safe and may improve soil fertility.  相似文献   

Comment on "Eddy/wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms"     

Mahadevan A  Thomas LN  Tandon A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5875):448; author reply 448

McGillicuddy et al. (Reports, 18 May 2007, p. 1021) proposed that eddy/wind interactions enhance the vertical nutrient flux in mode-water eddies, thus feeding large mid-ocean plankton blooms. We argue that the supply of nutrients to ocean eddies is most likely affected by submesoscale processes that act along the periphery of eddies and can induce vertical velocities several times larger than those due to eddy/wind interactions.  相似文献   

Diversity in Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Dent,Flint, and Specialty Corns     

Amit K. Das  Yadahally N. Sreerama  Vasudeva Singh 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(6):639-645

Dent, flint, and specialty genotypes of Indian yellow maize were evaluated for phytochemical content and their hydrophilic antioxidant capacity. Solid‐phase extraction coupled with solid–liquid extraction was used to obtain free phenolics and flavonoids from maize samples, reducing the use of excessive solvents and handling time. Bound phenolics were extracted with enhanced acidic hydrolysis to improve extractability. The phenolic contents in Indian maize genotypes ranged from 46 to 79 μmol of ferulic acid equivalents per gram of sample on a dry basis (db). Carotenoids in Indian maize genotypes were found to be equivalent to Chinese yellow maize and ranged from 13 to 24 μg/g of sample (db), whereas tocol content varied greatly in the range of 607–1,238 μg of α‐tocopherol equivalents/g of sample (db). Dent and flint corn did not exhibit differences (P > 0.05) in their phenolic contents, whereas among the specialty genotypes sweet corn contained the highest phenolics but least carotenoids (P < 0.05). Bound extracts appeared to contribute largely to 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of maize genotypes. Sweet corn exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) among all the genotypes. The antioxidant capacities correlated well with the total phenolic contents of the maize genotypes.  相似文献   

Non-Structural protein 1 (NS1) gene of Canine Parvovirus-2 regresses chemically induced skin tumors in Wistar rats     

Lakshman Santra  R.S. Rajmani  G.V.P.P.S. Ravi Kumar  Shikha Saxena  Sujoy K. Dhara  Amit Kumar  Aditya Prasad Sahoo  Lakshya Veer Singh  G.S. Desai  Uttara Chaturvedi  Sudesh Kumar  Ashok K. Tiwari 《Research in veterinary science》2014

The Non-Structural protein 1 of Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV2.NS1) plays a major role in viral cytotoxicity and pathogenicity. CPV2.NS1 has been proven to cause apoptosis in HeLa cells in vitro in our laboratory. Here we report that CPV2.NS1 has no toxic side effects on healthy cells but regresses skin tumors in Wistar rats. Histopathological examination of tumor tissue from CPV2.NS1 treated group revealed infiltration of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells with increased extra cellular matrix, indicating signs of regression. Tumor regression was also evidenced by significant decrease in mitotic index, AgNOR count and PCNA index, and increase in TUNEL positive apoptotic cells in CPV2.NS1 treated group. Further, CPV2.NS1 induced anti-tumor immune response through significant increase in CD8⁺ and NK cell population in CPV2.NS1 treated group. These findings suggest that CPV2.NS1 can be a possible therapeutic candidate as an alternative to chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer.  相似文献   

Assessment of different methods of rice (Oryza sativa. L) cultivation affecting growth parameters, soil chemical, biological, and microbiological properties, water saving, and grain yield in rice–rice system     

Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan  R. Mahender Kumar  Pagidi Humayun  V. Srinivas  B. Ratna Kumari  R. Vijayabharathi  Amit Singh  K. Surekha  Ch. Padmavathi  N. Somashekar  P. Raghuveer Rao  P. C. Latha  L. V. Subba Rao  V. R. Babu  B. C. Viraktamath  V. Vinod Goud  N. Loganandhan  Biksham Gujja  Om Rupela 《Paddy and Water Environment》2014,12(1):79-87

Field experiments were conducted at DRR farm located at ICRISAT, Patancheru, in sandy clay loam soils during four seasons, Kharif 2008, Rabi 2008–2009, Kharif 2009 and Rabi 2009–2010, to investigate growth parameters, water-saving potential, root characteristics, chemical, biological, and microbial properties of rhizosphere soil, and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by comparing the plants grown with system of rice intensification (SRI) methods, with organic or organic + inorganic fertilization, against current recommended best management practices (BMP). All the growth parameters including plant height, effective tillers (10–45 %), panicle length, dry matter, root dry weight (24–57 %), and root volume (10–66 %) were found to be significantly higher with in SRI-organic + inorganic over BMP. With SRI-organic fertilization, growth parameters showed inconsistent results; however, root dry weight (3–77 %) and root volume (31–162 %) were found significantly superior compared to BMP. Grain yield was found significantly higher in SRI-organic + inorganic (12–23 and 4–35 % in the Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively), while with SRI-organic management, yield was found higher (4–34 %) only in the Rabi seasons compared to BMP. An average of 31 and 37 % of irrigation water were saved during Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively, with both SRI methods of rice cultivation compared to BMP. Further, total nitrogen, organic carbon%, soil dehydrogenase, microbial biomass carbon, total bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were found higher in the two SRI plots in comparison to BMP. It is concluded that SRI practices create favorable conditions for beneficial soil microbes to prosper, save irrigation water, and increase grain yield.  相似文献   

Identification of genomic locations associated with grain micronutrients (iron and zinc) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

Pippal  Amit  Bhusal  Nabin  Meena  Rahul Kumar  Bishnoi  Mahavir  Bhoyar  Pratik Istari  Jain  Rajinder K. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(1):221-230

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - In this investigation, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from PAU 201 (high yielding) and Palman 579 (high iron and zinc content) varieties...  相似文献