Secreted peptide Dilp8 coordinates Drosophila tissue growth with developmental timing     

Colombani J  Andersen DS  Léopold P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6081):582-585

Little is known about how organ growth is monitored and coordinated with the developmental timing in complex organisms. In insects, impairment of larval tissue growth delays growth and morphogenesis, revealing a coupling mechanism. We carried out a genetic screen in Drosophila to identify molecules expressed by growing tissues participating in this coupling and identified dilp8 as a gene whose silencing rescues the developmental delay induced by abnormally growing tissues. dilp8 is highly induced in conditions where growth impairment produces a developmental delay. dilp8 encodes a peptide for which expression and secretion are sufficient to delay metamorphosis without affecting tissue integrity. We propose that Dilp8 peptide is a secreted signal that coordinates the growth status of tissues with developmental timing.  相似文献   

Vaccination elicits a prominent acute phase response in horses     

Andersen SA  Petersen HH  Ersbøll AK  Falk-Rønne J  Jacobsen S 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,191(2):199-202

European and American guidelines for vaccination against tetanus and influenza in horses recommend annual and annual/semi-annual vaccinations, respectively, against the two pathogens. Too-frequent vaccination may, however, have adverse effects, among other things because an inflammatory response is elicited with subsequent alterations in homeostasis. The objective of the study was to compare the acute phase response (APR) in 10 horses following administration of two different types of vaccines, namely, an inactivated Immune Stimulating COMplex (ISCOM) vaccine and a live recombinant vector vaccine. Blood was sampled before and after vaccination to measure levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, white blood cell counts (WBC) and iron. Vaccination induced a prominent APR with increased WBC, elevated blood levels of SAA and fibrinogen, and decreased serum iron concentrations. The ISCOM vaccine caused significantly (P<0.05) greater SAA, fibrinogen and WBC responses than the vector vaccine. During the APR muscle catabolism and liver and kidney metabolism are altered. Also drug metabolism may change during the APR. The findings of the present study may be relevant for advising horse owners about convalescence after vaccination.  相似文献   

Proteomics: A new tool in bovine claw disease research     

TH Tølbøll  AM Danscher  PH Andersen  MC Codrea  E Bendixen 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(3):694-700

Claw horn disruption (CHD) is a common underlying cause of lameness in dairy cattle which leads to compromised animal welfare and production losses. Despite an intense research effort over the last two decades, progress in reducing the prevalence of lameness due to CHD has been limited. In addition to current research strategies there is a need to develop novel approaches and methods that expand understanding of the disease mechanisms involved in CHD. The objectives of the present study were to explore the potential of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in mapping protein expression in three different bovine claw tissues, and to provide a relevant functional annotation of the proteins characterized in these tissues. LC-MS/MS was used to characterize protein expression in coronary band skin (C), claw dermal (D) and lamellar (L) tissues from two heifers. A total of 388 different proteins were identified, with 146 proteins available for identification in C, 279 proteins in D and 269 proteins in L. A functional annotation of the identified proteins was obtained using the on-line Blast2GO tool. Three hundred and sixteen of the identified proteins could be subsequently grouped manually to one or more of five major functional groups related to metabolism, cell structure, immunity, apoptosis and angiogenesis. These were chosen to represent basic cell functions and biological processes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of CHD. The LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis presented here is the largest published survey, so far, of the bovine claw tissue proteome.  相似文献   

Influence of age,sex and herd characteristics on the occurrence of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in Danish dairy farms     

Nielsen EM  Tegtmeier C  Andersen HJ  Grønbaek C  Andersen JS 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,88(3):245-257

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 is an important emerging human pathogen. Cattle are considered to be the main reservoir for VTEC O157. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of VTEC O157 in Danish dairy herds and to investigate the relationship between shedding of VTEC O157 and a number of animal and herd characteristics. Sixty dairy farms were visited once in August-October, and from each herd faecal samples from up to 50 animals were analysed for VTEC O157 by enrichment, immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and plating on selective agar. In total, 2419 animals were sampled, and 3.6% of these excreted VTEC O157. These animals were located on 10 farms (17%). On average, 21% of the sampled animals in the positive herds excreted VTEC O157. Register data, including age, sex, breed, housing conditions and herd composition, were extracted from a database. No influence of herd size or housing conditions was found. A strong effect of age was seen with 2-6-month-old calves as the high-risk age group (8.6% positive) in contrast to calves <2 months (0.7%) and cows (2.4%). There was a non-significant tendency of bull calves to have a higher prevalence than heifers within the age group of 2-6 months. Significantly, more of the herds characterised by having relatively many bull calves or many animals bought into the herd were positive for VTEC O157. Despite the low incidence of human VTEC O157 infections in Denmark, the prevalence in Danish dairy herds was found to be at a similar level as in many other countries.  相似文献   

Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations in serum and peritoneal fluid of healthy horses and horses with acute abdominal pain     

Tina Holberg Pihl  Pia Haubro Andersen  Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen  Nina Brinch Mørck  Stine Jacobsen 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(2):177-183

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Genetic variation of in vivo muscle glycerol,glycogen, and pigment in Danish purebred pigs     

Niels Oksbjerg  Poul Henckel  Søren Andersen  Birthe Pedersen  Bjarne Nielsen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):187-192

Heritability values of glycerol, glycogen and pigment concentrations measured on muscle biopsy samples from longissimus dorsi obtained from 85?kg boars of Danish purebred pigs (Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc) and their genetic correlations to performance and meat quality traits were calculated. The heritability values of glycogen, pigment, and glycerol were 0.38±0.02, 0.17±0.02, and 0.065±0.016, respectively. Glycogen was negatively related to the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (r _g =?0.25±0.06) and ultimate meat pH (r _g =?0.41±0.04), and positively to the carcass meat percentage (r _g =0.35±0.04), L* (lightness of meat, r _g =0.32±0.04) and a* (redness of meat, r _g =0.12±0.03). Pigment was positively related to the FCR (r _g =0.12±0.05), the meat percentage (r _g =0.28±0.05), and a* (r _g =0.59±0.04), and negatively to the L* (r _g =?0.46±0.06). The concentrations of pigment and glycogen (r _g =0.27±0.05) were interrelated. Based on the heritability values and the signs of the genetic correlations the present data suggest that it is possible to select for higher ultimate pH and improved colour by selection for either lower muscle glycogen or higher pigment concentration, respectively. However, the positive genetic correlation between these two traits may restrict the efficiency of simultaneous selection for lower glycogen and higher pigment. All genetic parameter estimates presented are calculated across three purebreds. Values for each breed are warranted for use in pig production. However, this requires more animals per breed.  相似文献   

Cellular Antioxidant Effect of Four Bromophenols from the Red Algae,Vertebrata lanosa     

Elisabeth K. Olsen  Espen Hansen  Johan Isaksson  Jeanette H. Andersen 《Marine drugs》2013,11(8):2769-2784

Three known bromophenols, 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzylaldehyde (1), 2,2′,3-tribromo-3′,4,4′,5-tetrahydroxy-6′-hydroxymethyldiphenylmethane (2) and bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxylbenzyl) ether (3), and one new one, 5,5″-oxybis(methylene)bis(3-bromo-4-(2′,3′-dibromo-4′,5′-dihydroxylbenzyl)benzene-1,2-diol) (4), were isolated from an extract of the red alga, Vertebrata lanosa. The antioxidant activity of these four bromophenols was examined using one biochemical and two cellular assays: Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) and Cellular Lipid Peroxidation Antioxidant Activity (CLPAA) assays. Compound 2 distinguished itself by showing potent activity, having a better antioxidant effect than luteolin in both the CAA and CLPAA assays and of quercetin in the CLPAA assay. Although several bromophenols are known to be potent antioxidants in biochemical assays, this is the first time their cellular antioxidant activity has been demonstrated.  相似文献   

A possible predisposition to dilated cardiomyopathy in Huntaway dogs     

JS Munday  CB Dyer  AC Hartman  GMB Orbell 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):231-234

AIM: To compare the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in New Zealand Huntaway dogs with the prevalence of DCM in other breeds of dog.

METHODS: The necropsy database at Massey University was used to identify cases of DCM diagnosed between January 1999 and March 2006. Dogs were considered to have DCM if echocardiographic, gross necropsy, or histological findings were consistent with this diagnosis. The prevalence in Huntaways was then compared with the prevalence observed in all breeds of dog, as well as the prevalence observed in large breeds of dog.

RESULTS: Twelve dogs were identified with DCM. One was diagnosed using echocardiography, while the other 11 were diagnosed by gross necropsy examination. The gross diagnosis of DCM was confirmed histologically in 6/11 dogs. The prevalence of DCM in Huntaways was significantly higher than the prevalence seen in all breeds of dog (p=0.008), and the prevalence in large breeds of dog (p=0.025). All four Huntaways diagnosed with DCM were male, and had an average age of 4 years. Three dogs presented with symptoms attributable to impaired heart function while one presented with symptoms of chronic renal failure. The duration of clinical symptoms prior to presentation ranged between 1 day and 3 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that Huntaways may be predisposed to the development of DCM. Although the increased prevalence in this breed was significant, only small numbers of affected Huntaways were identified, and additional cases are required to confirm these preliminary findings.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Huntaways are the most common working dog in New Zealand. The premature loss of a working dog is expected to have a significant economic impact on farmers. Further investigation of DCM in Huntaways may allow measures to reduce the prevalence in this breed.  相似文献   

A pilot study to investigate the measurement of immunoglobulin A in Welsh Cob and Welsh Pony foals’ faeces and their dam’s milk     

CB Riley  CJ Jenvey  FJ Baker  A Corripio 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(4):225-230

ABSTRACT

Aims: To determine if an ELISA for measurement of IgA in equine serum could be used to measure concentrations of IgA in foal faeces and to determine correlations with concentrations in the milk of the dam.

Methods: Faeces from 20 Welsh Cob and Welsh Pony foals and milk from their dams were collected within 12?hours (Day 0) and at 6 days after parturition (Day 6). On Day 6, faeces could not be collected from 2/20 foals, and milk samples could not be collected from 3/20 mares. An equine IgA ELISA validated for serum and plasma was used to measure concentrations of IgA in all samples in triplicate. The precision of the assay for each sample type was determined using modified CV.

Results: IgA was not detectable in 7/20 Day 0 faecal samples and in 2/18 Day 6 faecal samples. For samples with detectable IgA, the mean modified CV was 10.5 (95% CI?=?6.0–15.0)% for Day 0 faecal samples, and was 6.8 (95% CI?=?4.3–9.4)% for Day 6 faecal samples. Median concentrations of IgA in faeces on Day 0 were lower than concentrations on Day 6 (0.7?mg/g vs. 37?mg/g dry matter; p?=?0.003). Concentrations of IgA in milk and faeces on Day 6 were statistically correlated (r?=?0.59; p?=?0.006).

Conclusions and clinical relevance: The IgA ELISA showed acceptable precision when used to estimate concentrations of IgA in foal faeces during the first week of life, but IgA could not be detected in 37% of meconium samples collected on Day 0. This assay may be useful for investigation of the role of maternal milk IgA in the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal foals, but further assessment of both accuracy and precision of the ELISA is required.  相似文献   

Donna Erickson, Creating Connected Urban Open Space     

Barbara J. Andersen 《Landscape Ecology》2008,23(1):121-122

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