The association of crop production and precipitation; a comparison of two methodologies     

Sara Asadi  Andrea Monti 《Arid Land Research and Management》2019,33(2):155-176

This study compares two methods for evaluating precipitation effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield, which have been cultivated for 30?years under two different climate conditions (semi-arid and Mediterranean). The distribution and amount of precipitation were indexed and their relationship with the corresponding crop yields (1984–2013) was investigated. The concentration index (CI), i.e. the contribution of the days of greatest precipitation to the total amount of precipitation, was also calculated as an alternative approach. Both methods were used to analyze the whole crop growing season, from planting to harvest, and for two critical growth stages, germination and anthesis. It was observed that there was a significant correlation between yield and the average daily precipitation (E_R; r_wheat=0.74** and r_barley = 0.75**) during the whole growing season, irrespective of the crop type, whereas there was no significant impact on crop yield due to the non-uniformity of precipitation distribution (U_R). However, when a critical stage like anthesis was evaluated over a shorter period, a significant correlation between U_R and crop yields (r_wheat=0.56** and r_barley=0.64**) was found. The results indicated that these indexes are very effective for predicting crop yields based on their association with final yield within critical growth stages. In addition, it was also found that a proposed model using both indexes (E_R and U_R), with high correlation (r?=?0.84**) can be very effective in estimating crops performance. The results also showed that the sensitivity of crop yield to the uniformity of precipitation during the critical growth stages was lower than when the whole growing season was considered. The CI index was less effective in reflecting the distribution of precipitation in the semi-arid and Mediterranean conditions compared with the U_R.  相似文献   

Local and landscape drivers of the number of individuals and genetic diversity of a microendemic and critically endangered salamander     

González-Fernández  Andrea  Arroyo-Rodríguez  Víctor  Ramírez-Corona  Fabiola  Manjarrez  Javier  Aguilera-Hernández  Arlene  Sunny  Armando 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(8):1989-2000

Landscape Ecology - Conversion of forest ecosystems to human-modified landscapes threatens the persistence of forest-specialist species. However, the local and landscape drivers of population...  相似文献   

Monitoring potato seed lots to control blackleg in fields in Switzerland and southern Germany     

Patrice de Werra  Christoph Kopp  Martin Häberli  Ingo Stöcker  Andrea Keil  Christophe Debonneville  Thomas Oberhänsli  Denise Altenbach  Andreas Keiser 《Plant pathology》2020,69(7):1331-1346

Potato blackleg is a seedborne disease that can cause significant economic losses for growers. Disease development depends mainly on two drivers, namely seed inoculum and local climatic conditions. To better establish the relationship between these two drivers, blackleg development was monitored in Swiss field trials at multiple locations from 2010 to 2013 involving three sets of naturally infected seed lots planted in each of three locations. The seed lot itself was thereby the most important factor explaining differences in disease development, rather than environmental factors. In a further on-farm project conducted at various locations in Switzerland and southern Germany from 2013 to 2015, the implementation of a seed-testing procedure was investigated. A total of 177 seed lots were tested for natural latent infection with soft rot Pectobacteriaceae and the corresponding blackleg incidence was tracked in 242 fields. The reliability of the relationship between latent infection and field incidence was found to be strongly linked to the bacterial species. Dickeya spp. field infection could be predicted with an acceptable reliability, whereas Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, even when detected as latent tuber infection, was not consistently expressed as visual blackleg. Moreover, commonly found mixed latent infections with several bacterial species made it even harder to predict which bacteria would cause blackleg symptoms. Finally, variability in the reliability of seed testing may also be explained by differences in local farming practices. These trials over several years with naturally infected potato seed highlight the usefulness and limits of seed testing to manage blackleg.  相似文献   

Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis application timing on population dynamics of gypsy moth in Mediterranean cork oak forests     

Roberto Mannu  Arturo Cocco  Pietro Luciano  Andrea Lentini 《Pest management science》2020,76(3):1103-1111

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus as additive for maize and sorghum ensiling   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Salimei E  Capilongo V  Simoni A  Peiretti PG  Maglieri C  Romano CA  Mannina L  Coppola R  Sorrentino E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(23):9600-9607

The effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus AT195, a potential probiotic microorganism cultured in buffalo "scotta" whey, on chemical and microbiological composition in maize and sorghum ensiling were evaluated. Both crops were harvested, chopped, and treated or not with the selected strain prior to ensiling in fiberglass vertical silos; 90 days after ensiling, silages were sensorially evaluated and sampled. Different chemical components were evaluated both on fresh crops and silages: in particular, the water-soluble carbohydrates content was investigated by high-field NMR spectroscopy and the carbohydrate fermentation profile was performed by GC. Besides phenotypic identification and typing, microbiological studies included Lb. rhamnosus genotype typing by RAPD-PCR. All silages, inoculated or not, were well preserved, as their chemical and microbiological data along with the fermentation profiles showed. The selected strain used as inoculum influenced the lactic acid population of silages and evidenced a good survival performance during the ensiling process of both maize and sorghum. Moreover, the use of Lb. rhamnosus strain efficiently improved the quality of the multifactorial ensiling process by significantly reducing the ammonia nitrogen content of both maize and sorghum silages.  相似文献   

Developing a predictive model for spinal shock in dogs with spinal cord injury     

Rebecca McBride  Elizabeth Parker  Rebecca B. Garabed  Natasha J. Olby  Andrea Tipold  Veronika Maria Stein  Nicolas Granger  Ashley C. Hechler  Page E. Yaxley  Sarah A. Moore  CANSORT&#x;SCI study investigators 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):663

BackgroundReduced pelvic limb reflexes in dogs with spinal cord injury typically suggests a lesion of the L4‐S3 spinal cord segments. However, pelvic limb reflexes might also be reduced in dogs with a T3‐L3 myelopathy and concurrent spinal shock.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe hypothesized that statistical models could be used to identify clinical variables associated with spinal shock in dogs with spinal cord injuries.AnimalsCohort of 59 dogs with T3‐L3 myelopathies and spinal shock and 13 dogs with L4‐S3 myelopathies.MethodsData used for this study were prospectively entered by partner institutions into the International Canine Spinal Cord Injury observational registry between October 2016 and July 2019. Univariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between independent variables and the presence of spinal shock. Independent variables were selected for inclusion in a multivariable logistic regression model if they had a significant effect (P ≤ .1) on the odds of spinal shock in univariable logistic regression.ResultsThe final multivariable model included the natural log of weight (kg), the natural log of duration of clinical signs (hours), severity (paresis vs paraplegia), and pelvic limb tone (normal vs decreased/absent). The odds of spinal shock decreased with increasing weight (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28, P = .09; confidence interval [CI] 0.07‐1.2), increasing duration (OR = 0.44, P = .02; CI 0.21‐0.9), decreased pelvic limb tone (OR = 0.04, P = .003; CI 0.01‐0.36), and increased in the presence of paraplegia (OR = 7.87, P = .04; CI 1.1‐56.62).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA formula, as developed by the present study and after external validation, could be useful for assisting clinicians in determining the likelihood of spinal shock in various clinical scenarios and aid in diagnostic planning.  相似文献   

Development of biodegradable films based on blue corn flour with potential applications in food packaging. Effects of plasticizers on mechanical,thermal, and microstructural properties of flour films     

Andrea Carolina Valderrama Solano  Cecilia Rojas de Gante 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

In the present study, blue corn flour films were developed. The cereal grain’s total composition (excluding the pericarp) is used to obtain the films. The plasticizing effects of two different polyols such as glycerol and sorbitol on the mechanical, thermal, and microstructural properties of flour films were researched. The results showed that films plasticized with sorbitol had better mechanical properties and less affinity for water than those plasticized with glycerol. The sorbitol-plasticized films were more rigid and did not lose their integrity when immersed in water. The ATR-FTIR spectra of blue corn flour plasticizer with sorbitol showed the presence of the additional band at 1745 cm⁻¹ characteristic of the vibrational carbonyl peak, which confirms the chemical linkages between sorbitol and a polymeric matrix. The effect of the plasticizer on the glass transition temperature (T_g) was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). T_g decreased as the plasticizer content increased. Plasticized glycerol films showed lower T_g values than those with sorbitol. SEM observations showed that it was necessary to add plasticizer to maintain film integrity. The sorbitol-plasticized flour films revealed better adhesion between phases, and these films showed a compact structure.  相似文献   

The role of aquafeeds in abalone nutrition and health: A comprehensive review     

Natalia Bullon  Ali Seyfoddin  Andrea C. Alfaro 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2023,54(1):7-31

Overpopulation and the pressure on land-based resources have driven the aquaculture sector to increase its production since the 1980s. To address such demands, new aquafeed technologies have been developed relying on natural and artificial ingredients that are commercially viable. In addition, current global sustainable initiatives require feed technologies to reduce the pressure on limited wild fisheries and minimize negative environmental effects. Although there are numerous studies on abalone nutrition, most tend to focus on animal growth and nutrient utilization. A more holistic research approach to ensure a sustainable future for this industry will require the development of feeds that provide integrated nutrition and health benefits. In this review, we aim to synthesize the most recent scientific literature on the nutritional and health benefits and shortcomings of two main abalone feeding approaches (seaweed and formulated feeds) within aquaculture production practices. We also identify major research gaps and future directions for the development of sustainable abalone feeds.  相似文献   

USE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR DIAGNOSIS OF A SPINAL TUMOR IN A CAT     

Roberto M.  Asperio  DVM  Pasquina  Marzola  PhD  Enrico  Zibellini  DVM  William  Villa  DVM  Andrea  Sbarbati  MD  PhD  Francesco  Osculati  MD  PhD  Flaminio  Addis  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(3):267-270

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify a spinal mass at the level of the 6th-7th cervical vertebral body in a cat. The MRI images were most consistent with the presence of an intradural, extramedullary meningioma that was confirmed by subsequent histological examination.  相似文献   

Long-term culture of a cell population from Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) head kidney     

Ciba P  Schicktanz S  Anders E  Siegl E  Stielow A  Klink E  Kruse C 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2008,34(4):367-372

In vitro cultures of native fish cell lines are of great importance, both for basic research and applied science. In particular, there is strong demand for long-term growable cell lines from breeding fish, like sturgeon. Here, we describe the culture of cells from Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) head kidney. The cells have so far been cultured over a period of 12 months (24 passages). Cytochemical and immunocytochemical examination suggests that, in vitro, the cells exhibit markers that are indicative for different cell types. In particular, fat storing cells (adipocytes) were observed, and the expression of cytokeratins and glial fibrilar acidic protein (GFAP) can be concluded on the basis of immuncytochemical analysis. The observation of different morphologies additionally underlines the heterogeneity of the cell population and matches the typical behaviour of in vitro cultures of stem/progenitor cells. Different applications can be imagined.  相似文献