Nutrient Management Effects on Light Interception, Photosynthesis, Growth, Dry-matter Production and Yield of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. G. Mandal  A. C. Sinha 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2004,190(2):119-129

A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam acidic soil to study the effect of nutrient managements on light interception, photosynthesis, growth, biomass production and yield of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]. Plant height, number of branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, 1000‐seed weight, seed and oil yield of Indian mustard improved at 100 % recommended rates of NPK (N‐P‐K at 80‐17.2‐33.2 kg ha^?1) + 10 t ha^?1 farmyard manure (FYM) (T₃) compared with 100 % NPK rate (T₂). It was also at par with 100 % NPK + 10 kg ha^?1 borax + 20 kg ha^?1 ZnSO₄ (T₆) and 50 % NPK + 10 t ha^?1 FYM +10 kg ha^?1 borax + 20 kg ha^?1 ZnSO₄ (T₁₀). The rate of photosynthesis increased due to appropriate nutrient management treatments (T₃, T₆ or T₁₀) with concomitant increase in photosynthetically active radiation, internal CO₂ concentration and rate of transpiration and decrease in stomatal resistance. Consequent upon the higher rate of photosynthesis, dry‐matter accumulation increased. The crop receiving nutrient treatment T₃ or T₆ maintained higher light interception ratio (LIR), leaf area index (LAI), biomass production, crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) that resulted in greater rate of photosynthesis, harvest index and seed yield. Similarly, T₁₀ was equally efficient in registering greater LIR, LAI, CGR, NAR and seed yield of mustard. The average seed yields were 1692, 1683 and 1668 kg ha^?1 in T₃, T₆ and T₁₀, respectively, and these three treatments were significantly superior to T₂ (1332 kg ha^?1), control (723 kg ha^?1) and other treatments. Significantly greater seed oil contents of 41.30, 40.60 and 41.07 % were recorded in T₃, T₆ and T₁₀, respectively. Thus, significant improvement due to appropriate combination of NPK, FYM, borax and ZnSO₄ was observed for uptake of nutrients.  相似文献   

Critical Levels of Boron in Soils for Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Var. Botrytis)     

Kaushik Batabyal  Biswapati Mandal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(12):1822-1835

Influence of boron (B) application to cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) was investigated in a pot experiment taking 15 Inceptisols with four levels of B. The critical levels of B for deficiency, adequacy and toxicity in soil and in cauliflower plant were also determined. Hot-calcium chloride (CaCl₂) extractable B in these soils varied from 0.33 to 0.78 mg kg^-1 and its content for deficiency to cauliflower was 0.48 mg kg^-1. Boron application significantly increased cauliflower yield, plant B concentration and uptake of B. The critical plant B concentrations for deficiency, sufficiency and toxicity varied with the growth stages and the values being 26, 31 and 48 mg kg^-1 at 50 days of growth and 17, 24 and 35.5 mg kg^-1 at harvest, respectively. The study also recommends application of fertilizer B at the rate 0.9–4.5 kg ha^-1 for optimum B nutrition to cauliflower in Inceptisols of the Gangetic plains of India.  相似文献   

Correlation studies on oil content and fatty acid profile of some Cruciferous species     

S. Mandal  Sangita Yadav  Ranbir Singh  Gulnaz Begum  Poonam Suneja  M. Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(6):551-556

Mean individual fatty acid concentration among differentspecies of the family Cruciferae are not similar because of the presence ofdifferent kind of significant relationship among the individual fatty acids.Brassica napus L., Sinapis alba L.,Raphanus caudatus L.f. Raphanus sativusL. and B. nigra (L.) Koch arecomparatively low erucic acid (<40%) containing species. Crambeabyssinica Hochst. ex. R. E. Fries collections gave as high as 60%erucic acid. Low erucic acid concentration was found associated with thepresence of high level of palmitic and oleic acid concentrations. Erucic acidconcentrations were found varied within the range of 42 to 57% among thecollections of Brassica rapa L. and B.carinata A. Braun. All the collections ofB. nigra (L.) Koch were found to havehigher proportion of linoleic acid than the corresponding oleic acidconcentration. Linolenic acid concentrations of B.nigra (L.) Koch was also higher in comparison to otherspecies of the Cruciferae. Raphanus collections were foundto contain higher levels of total saturated fatty acids as well as eicosenoicacid. Oil content of the total collections under present study did not show anysignificant relationship either with linolenic acid or with erucic acidconcentration. But significant positive relationship was observed between totaloil and erucic acid level within the collections of B.juncea Czern. & Coss. Similarly significant negativecorrelation was observed between total oil and linolenic acid content inBrassica rapa L. ssp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt, yellow sarson.  相似文献   

Gamma ray-induced genetic manipulations in flower colour and shape in Dendranthema grandiflorum and their management through tissue culture     

S. K. Datta    D. Chakrabarty  A. K. A. Mandal 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(1):91-92

Rooted cuttings of Dendranthema grandiflorum cv. ‘Puja’ were treated with different doses of gamma rays. Sectorial somatic mutations both in flower colour and shape were detected in all the doses. The original floret colour of ‘Puja’ is red‐purple and florets are flat spoon shaped. One of the mutant floret colour was yellow‐orange with original flat florets and another mutant floret colour was yellow‐orange with tubular florets. Original and mutated ray florets were cultured on agar‐solidified Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with sucrose and different combinations of 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP). Direct shoot organogenesis was seen within 2 weeks of culture initiation. The best regeneration was obtained on medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA. Shoots regenerated from all explant types were rooted in vitro and transferred to the field. Regenerated plants flowered true‐to‐explant floret colour and shape. The isolated yellow floret colour mutants and yellow floret colour mutants with tubular florets were maintained vegetatively and have proved to be true to type in two successive generations.  相似文献   

Effects of feeding raw or reconstituted high tannin red sorghum on nutrient utilisation and certain welfare parameters of broiler chickens     

Kumar V  Elangovan AV  Mandal AB  Tyagi PK  Bhanja SK  Dash BB 《British poultry science》2007,48(2):198-204

1. A feeding trial was conducted on 360 1-d-old chicks from 0 to 6 weeks of age to assess the effect of processed high tannin red sorghum in the diet of broiler chickens on nutrient utilisation and certain welfare parameters. 2. Each of 9 dietary treatments was allotted to 4 groups (replicates) of chicks in a completely randomised design. The treatments were a maize-soy based standard broiler diet (control, RS(0)) and eight test diets formulated by incorporating either raw red sorghum (RS(25), RS(50), RS(75), RS(100)) or reconstituted red sorghum (RS(25)(R), RS(50)(R), RS(75)(R), RS(100)(R)) replacing 25, 50, 75 or 100% of maize from the control diet. 3. The tannin content was reduced from 23 to 16 g/kg in reconstituted red sorghum. 4. Utilisations of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus retention were similar in all the dietary groups. 5. The cell-mediated immune response measured as footpad index (FPI) value of birds given raw red sorghum was significantly higher than in control and reconstituted red sorghum groups. Similarly, comparatively better humoral response measured as HA titre value was observed in raw red sorghum based groups than in reconstituted ones. 6. Plasma albumin, globulin, protein, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, SGOT, SGPT and uric acid levels did not differ significantly due to dietary treatments. 7. Mild histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues of birds given raw red sorghum. 8. From the present study, it is concluded that (1) the reconstitution of high tannin red sorghum resulted in about 30% reduction in its tannin concentration; (2) the feeding of reconstituted sorghum based diets to broiler chickens did not exert any appreciable influence on nutrient utilisation, blood biochemicals and enzymes and gross pathological changes; and (3) the birds fed on raw red sorghum exhibited higher immuno-responsiveness in comparison to their reconstituted counterparts.  相似文献   

Chemical changes of fish muscle during preservation with ammonia     

S K Mandal  S K Mukherjee 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1974,22(5):832-835

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Toxico-kinetics, recovery, and metabolism of napropamide in goats following a single high-dose oral administration     

Pahari AK  Majumdar S  Mandal TK  Chakraborty AK  Bhattacharyya A  Chowdhury A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(4):1817-1824

Toxicokinetic behavior, recovery and metabolism of napropamide (a pre-emergent herbicide) and its effect on Cytochrome P(450) of liver microsomal pellet were studied following a single high-dose oral administration of 2.5 g kg(-1) and continuous (7 days) oral administration of 500 mg kg(-1) in black Bengal goat. Napropamide was detected in blood at 15 min and the maximum quantity was recovered at 3 h after administration. The absorption rate constant (Ka) value was low indicating poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. High elimination half-life (t(1/2) beta) and low body clearance (Cl(B)) values coupled with higher transfer of compound from tissue to central compartment (K(21)) suggest that napropamide persisted in the blood for a long time, i.e., after 72 h of oral administration. The recovery percentage of napropamide, including metabolites, from goats varied from 75.94 to 80.08 and excretion of the parent compound through feces varied from 18.86 to 21.59%, indicating that a major portion of the orally administered napropamide was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of goat. Napropamide significantly increased the Cytochrome P(450) content of liver microsomal pellet. The recovery of metabolites from feces, urine, and tissues ranged from 4.2--6.2, 40.81--49.42, and 2.7--11.6%, respectively, during a 4--7 day period. The material balance of napropamide (including metabolites) following a single high-dose oral administration at 2.5 g kg(-1) during 4--7 days after dosing was found to be in the range of 75--80%.  相似文献   

Effect of manures and fertilizers on soil physical properties,build-up of macro and micronutrients and uptake in soil under different cropping systems: a review     

S. S. Dhaliwal  R. K. Naresh  Agniva Mandal  M. K. Walia  Raj K. Gupta  Rajveer Singh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(20):2873-2900

Combined application of manures and fertilizers played a pivotal role in the improvement in soil physico-chemical properties, macro and micronutrients distribution and their transformations under different cropping systems. Based on a cropping system, the different levels of manures and fertilizers were used to study improvement in physico-chemical properties of soil. The aim was to explore the appropriate application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers for improved sustainable yields of a cropping system. Intensive cropping systems lead to N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn deficiencies in surface and subsurface soil, which could be refreshed with combined application of manures and fertilizers. The application of manures and fertilizers controls the pH and electrical conductivity of soil. Moreover, manures and fertilizers showed improvement is soil physical conditions viz. bulk density, particle density, porosity, and water holding capacity etc. Manuring coupled with fertilization helped to great extent for macro and micronutrient transformations in the soil. Under these transformations, the soil solution and water soluble component (fractions/pools) of soil is enriched with macro and micronutrients. There was a consistent declining trend of DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn in the sub-surface soil in comparison to the surface layer, which may be ascribed to increase in pH with increase in depth and decrease of organic matter with depth. Similarly, manures reduced the concentration of residual macro and micronutrients in soil. Recently, integrated nutrient management system (INMS) is gaining importance vis-a-vis maintaining the soil fertility with conjunctive use of chemical fertilizers plus organic manures.  相似文献   

Free-radical scavenging properties of low molecular weight peptide(s) isolated from S1 cultivar of mulberry leaves and their impact on Bombyx mori (L.) (Bombycidae)     

Suchisree Jha  Palash Mandal  Phalguni Bhattacharyya  Amitava Ghosh 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):16

The mulberry leaves have been considered as a sole food source for silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.). In present work an attempt was made to investigate the role of low molecular weight peptide(s) isolated from mulberry leaves on silkworm rearing. Also we have tried to find out the role of free-radical scavenging activities of isolated peptide(s) on silkworm growth. Larval growth rate was found effective under the influence of peptide(s). Consumption rate of larvae after peptide(s) treatment on mulberry leaves was significantly enhanced over control. High antioxidant activity was found in Low molecular weight peptide(s) which have an effect on silkworm.  相似文献   

Role of sponge gourd in apical leaf curl disease of potato in Northern India     

Sayed Sartaj Sohrab  Sajjad Karim  Anupam Varma  Adel M. Abuzenadah  Adeel Gulzar Chaudhary  Bikash Mandal 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(4):403-410

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the important vegetable crops in the world and its production is seriously affected by apical leaf curl disease in northern India. This paper reveals the role of cucurbits in maintaining Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and Potato apical leaf curl (PALCD) disease in that region. The affected plants showed severe leaf curling and stunted growth. The begomovirus causing leaf curling and mosaic disease in cucurbits could be easily transmitted by the whitefly to potato crops and develop apical leaf curl disease in northern India. The movement of the virus by whiteflies from cucurbits to potato and tomato is possible because of overlapping of planting and harvesting dates of these crops. The causal virus was identified as a begomovirus on the basis of whitefly transmission, PCR, dot blot hybridization, cloning and sequencing of the coat protein gene. The comparison of full length coat protein gene sequence homology revealed that 90% identity with the coat protein gene of ToLCNDV- [Luffa] isolate and the phylogenetic tree derived from these sequences with other selected begomoviruses formed a close cluster with ToLCNDV isolates. The findings proved that the virus causing disease in cucurbits could easily move to tomato and potato and cause leaf curl disease naturally. This is the first observation on the role of sponge gourd for maintenance of ToLCNDV and serving as a host for PALCD in northern India. The findings indicate that the causal organism is a strain of ToLCNDV.  相似文献