Effect of radiotherapy on freedom from seizures in dogs with brain tumors     

Susana R. Monforte Monteiro  John H. Rossmeisl  Jason Russell  Mark A. Holmes  Annette Wessmann  Jo Morris  Jane M. Dobson  An E. Vanhaesebrouck 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(2):821-827

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Prospective,controlled, blinded,randomized crossover trial evaluating the effect of maropitant versus ondansetron on inhibiting tranexamic acid‐evoked emesis     

Marta E. Kantyka  Carolina Meira  Regula Bettschart‐Wolfensberger  Sonja Hartnack  Annette P.N. Kutter 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(4):436-441

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History and overview of DSHEA     

Annette Dickinson 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(1):5-10

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA), enacted in 1994, had two primary goals: to ensure continued consumer access to a wide variety of dietary supplements, and to provide consumers with more information about the intended use of dietary supplements. It accomplished these goals, and more, without changing the fundamental regulatory status of dietary supplements as a category of foods. This article explores the history and reasoning behind the major provisions of the Act and reflects on the impact of each during 15 years of experience under DSHEA.  相似文献   

Comparing the results of the serological detection of Salmonella antibodies in blood serum and meat juice from different muscles from slaughter pigs     

Nobmann JA  Blaha T  Beyerbach M  Kreienbrock L  Meemken D 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(7-8):313-319

The German Salmonella Monitoring Programme started by the QS-System in 2002 (Blaha, 2004) is mandatory due to the so-called "Salmonella Regulation for Pigs" since 2007 (Anonym, 2007). The Regulation does not clearly prescribe the specific muscle which is to be taken as source of the meat juice. Thus, at different slaughter plants meat samples are also taken from different muscles and several scientific papers describe various muscles as source of the meat juice, too. The objective of this study was to compare the serological results of meat juices from three different locations (diaphragm pillar, neck, belly muscle) to each other and to those of the blood serum from exactly the same animals. All samples were simultaneously tested for Salmonella antibodies by two serological tests (Salmo-type Pig Screen, LDL, Germany; HerdChek Swine Salmonella, IDEXX, Germany). Comparisons were carried out between the various sample kinds per animal and between the two test systems. The analysis of all results of the meat juices revealed in both test systems a clear decline of the OD% values from the diaphragm pillar to the neck to the belly muscle. The average OD% values of all samples were higher when measured by the HerdChek ELISA (IDEXX, Germany) than by the Salmotype ELISA (LDL, Germany), especially in blood serum. Since the results of the meat juice samples gained from the diaphragm pillar were in both test systems by far the closest to the results of the corresponding serum blood samples, it is recommended to amend the "Salmonella Regulation for Pigs" by prescribing meat from the diaphragm pillar as the only muscle for gaining meat juice.  相似文献   

Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in growing pigs in Kabale District in Uganda     

Nissen S  Poulsen IH  Nejsum P  Olsen A  Roepstorff A  Rubaire-Akiiki C  Thamsborg SM 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):567-572

During the last 30 years, pig production in Uganda and neighbouring counties has increased markedly. Pigs are mainly kept as a source of income for small-scale farmers; however, the pig production is subject to several constraints, one of them being worm infections. A study was carried out in rural communities in Kabale District in the South Western part of Uganda in September and October 2007 in order to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in pigs based on coprological examination. Fifty-six households were randomly selected and visited. Housing system and deworming history were recorded. Faeces was sampled from rectum of one to five pigs (age, 3–12 months) per household. A total of 106 pigs were examined coprologically of which 91% excreted nematode eggs. The following prevalences of nematode eggs were recorded: strongyles (89%), Ascaris suum (40%), Trichuris suis (17%) and spiruroid eggs (48%). On household level, rearing pigs on slatted floors in pens significantly reduced the faecal egg excretion of strongyle eggs with almost 80% (p = 0.010) and a significant interaction between floor type and anthelmintic treatment was found for spiruroids (p = 0.037). Fifteen T. suis egg positive pigs were selected for post-mortem examination of the gastrointestinal tract. The post-mortem examinations revealed that 93% pigs were infected with Oesophagostomum spp. (worm burden, min–max 10–2,180), 73% with A. suum (1–36), 67% with T. suis (6–58), and 20% with Hyostrongylus rubidus (worms not quantified). In general, nematode infections were widespread and polyparasitism common in pigs in Uganda. However, worm burdens were moderate which may be related to recent deworming or to the practice of rearing pigs on slatted floors in wooden elevated pens.  相似文献   

Reporting of methodological features in observational studies of pre-harvest food safety     

Sargeant JM  O'Connor AM  Renter DG  Kelton DF  Snedeker K  Wisener LV  Leonard EK  Guthrie AD  Faires M 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,98(2-3):88-98

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Risk factors for delays between intake and veterinary approval for adoption on medical grounds in shelter puppies and kittens     

Litster A  Allen J  Mohamed A  He S 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,101(1-2):107-112

To maximize their capacity to save lives and optimize resource allocation, animal shelters need to identify highly adoptable animals that are unlikely to be delayed on medical grounds before they can be made available for adoption. In this retrospective cohort study, our objective was to identify risk factors for delays from intake to approval for adoption on medical grounds in shelter puppies and kittens. Shelter medical records from 2008 for 335 puppies and 370 kittens were selected randomly at a large metropolitan adoption-guarantee shelter. Data including signalment, source shelter, intake veterinary examination findings, clinical history and days from intake until approval by a veterinarian for adoption on medical grounds were extracted from shelter records and analyzed using multivariate Cox regression. Puppies and kittens with clinical signs of respiratory or gastrointestinal disease at intake took significantly longer to receive approval for adoption on medical grounds (puppies - respiratory p<0.0001; gastrointestinal p<0.0001; kittens - respiratory p<0.0001; gastrointestinal p=0.002). Stray kittens were more likely to be delayed than owner-relinquished kittens or those transferred from other shelters (p<0.01). Older kittens were less likely to be delayed (p<0.0001). Administration of oral or parenteral antibiotics to puppies and kittens with respiratory and/or ocular signs within 24h of intake significantly reduced time to approval on medical grounds for adoption (puppies p=0.02; kittens p=0.03). The analyses suggested that puppies and kittens with respiratory or gastrointestinal signs on intake are more likely to experience delays between intake and veterinary approval for adoption on medical grounds. Prompt antimicrobial treatment of animals with respiratory and/or ocular signs may decrease length of stay in the shelter.  相似文献   

Insights into the dynamics of endemic Coxiella burnetii infection in cattle by application of phase-specific ELISAs in an infected dairy herd     

Böttcher J  Vossen A  Janowetz B  Alex M  Gangl A  Randt A  Meier N 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,151(3-4):291-300

Serological diagnosis of acute and chronic Q fever in humans relies on detection of antibodies to phase I (PhI) and II (PhII) antigens of Coxiella (C.) burnetii. Although phase-specific antigens are available, they are not yet used in ruminants as they are in humans. This study focuses on phase-specific serology as a tool for analysis of the dynamics of infection in cattle. As a prerequisite, sero-prevalence in Bavarian cattle (1) and sero-prevalences for age-groups (2) were determined by ELISA (CHEKIT Q-Fever; mix of PhI/PhII-antigen). Subsequently, phase-specific antigens were coated onto ELISA plates individually and tests were simultaneously applied in an endemically infected herd with about 90 dairy cows and 250 calves/heifers in April 2005, March 2006 and retrospectively in May and October 2004. From April 2005 onward, placentas were analysed for C. burnetii by PCR (3). (1) Sero- and herd prevalences based on 21,051 sera from 603 Bavarian dairy farms collected in 2003 were 14.8% ± 0.48% and 72.3% ± 3.6%, respectively. (2) Analysis of 3965 animals from 105 farms for which age was reported revealed a base level of sero-prevalence of less than 5% in 1-2 years old animals, it increased to 15% in 2-3 years old and reached a plateau (25-30%) in cows four years and older. (3) In May 2004 and April 2005 a peak of PhI(-)/PhII(+)-prevalence in primiparous cows (2.0-3.5 years) was observed; but not in October 2004 and March 2006. The PhI(-)/PhII(+)-pattern in primiparous cows changed to negative (one-third), PhI(+)/PhII(+) (1/3) or persisted (1/3). In contrast, sero-conversion was rare in multiparous cows (>3.5 years). If the PhI(-)/PhII(+) pattern was detected, it was due to an infection in preceding years. This pattern persisted (2/3) or changed to negative (1/3); a change to PhI(+)/PhII(+) did not occur. PhI(-)/PhII(+) in heifers (1-2 years) always changed to negative. Detection of PhII-antibodies was significantly associated with PCR-positive placentas. Remarkably, 45% of sera with the PhI(-)/PhII(+) pattern were negative for the CHEKIT Q-Fever ELISA, thus this test missed an important group of infected animals.  相似文献   

Feline bacterial urinary tract infections: An update on an evolving clinical problem     

Annette Litster  Mary Thompson  Susan Moss  Darren Trott 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,187(1):18-22

Although feline urine is increasingly submitted for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing as part of a more general diagnostic work-up for a range of presentations in veterinary practice, bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are relatively uncommon due to a variety of physical and immunological barriers to infection. Culture positive urine is most often obtained from older female cats and the clinical history may include hematuria, dysuria and pollakiuria, or the infection may be occult. Urinalysis usually reveals hematuria and pyuria, and Escherichia coli and Gram-positive cocci are cultured most frequently. Most feline UTIs can be successfully treated using oral amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid administered for at least 14 days, but the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance amongst infecting bacterial species is a growing concern. There is currently no conclusive information on the safety and efficacy of alternative therapeutic agents for the treatment of feline UTIs.  相似文献   

Silica-Containing Urinary Calculi in Dogs (1981–1993)     

Janet Aldrich  Gerald V. Ling  Annette L. Ruby  Deedra L. Johnson  Charles E. Franti 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1997,11(5):288-295

Silica-containing urinary calculi obtained from 773 dogs and submitted by veterinarians throughout the United States were analyzed by quantitative crystallographic analysis to determine mineral composition. Specimens were composed of either multiple mineral layers (535 specimens) or 1 mineral layer (238 specimens). Most multiple-layer calculi were composed of 80% or greater silica (300 of 535, 56%) or 20% to 79% silica (184 of 535, 34%) in any mineral layer. Most 1–layer calculi were composed of 100% silica (212 of 238, 89%). Most dogs forming silica-containing calculi were of male gender (679 of 773, 88%). Bacterial cultures of calculus or urine or both were performed on 49% (376 of 773) of the specimens, and bacterial growth was obtained from 37% (139 of 376) of samples cultured. The prevalence of calculus-associated urinary tract infection was 35% (113 of 321) in males and 47% (26 of 55) in females. The gender prevalence for infection with Staphylococcus species was 16% (51 of 321) in males and 33% (18 of 55) in females. The breed and gender of dogs that formed calculi (silica population) were compared with the hospital population (Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital [VMTH] population) and with a population of calculus-forming dogs (Stonelab population) to determine risk factors for silica calculus formation. For all breeds compared, the ratio of males to females was higher in the silica population. The German Shepherd Dog and Old English Sheepdog were significantly overrepresented when the silica population was compared with either the VMTH population or the Stonelab population. We conclude that male German Shepherd Dogs and Old English Sheepdogs are at increased risk for formation of silica-containing urinary calculi.  相似文献