Analysis of respiratory quinones in soil for characterization of microbiota     

Koichi Fujie  Hong-Ying Hu  Hajime Tanaka  Kohei Urano  Katsuaki Saitou  Arata Katayama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):393-404

Method for the analysis of respiratory quinones in soil was developed to characterize soil microbiota. The respiratory quinones were extracted with a mixture of chloroform and methanol using a Wahling blender or a sonicator and cleaned-up by a silicagel column cartridge. The quinone species were determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Spectra of peaks were measured with a photodiode array detector to examine the purity. More than 90% of extractable quinones in soil were recovered by three extractions. The recovery of quinones, added to soil as freeze-dried powder of microorganisms, was higher than 96%. This procedure led to higher representative results as follows. Fluctuations within 95% of cumulative frequency were 13% for the extracted amount of quinones and 20% for the dissimilarity, respectively. The quinone profiles of four soils were determined as follows: a soil from the aerobic layer of a paddy field, an ando soil and two yellow upland soils which had received chemical fertilizers with and without farmyard manure. The quinone profiles displayed clear differences in the microbial composition and in the microbial diversity among the soils. It was demonstrated that the analysis of the respiratory quinone profile was useful to characterize the microbial community structure in soil.  相似文献   

Water solubilization of glycated carp and scallop myosin rods,and their soluble state under physiological conditions     

Shigeru Katayama  Hiroki Saeki 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):446-452

ABSTRACT:   Myosin rod regions prepared from carp Cyprinus carpio dorsal muscle and scallop Pecten yessoensis striated adductor muscle were non-enzymatically reacted with glucose (glycation), and the changes in the filament-forming ability and the size distribution of the rod filaments during glycation were examined to discuss the molecular mechanism of the water solubilization of myosin molecules under physiological conditions. Both myosin rods became solubilized in 0.1 M NaCl (pH 7.5), and their filament-forming ability was weakened with the progress of glycation. The size of the insoluble filaments of the myosin rods was diminished with an increase in the solubility under physiological conditions, and glycated myosin rods finally existed as monomers in 0.1 M NaCl (pH 7.5). These results supported the hypothesis that the water solubilization of myosin by glycation was caused by the loss of the filament-forming ability of myosin molecules. Water solubilization seemed to occur through the same molecular mechanism regardless of the species, whereas the scallop myosin rods required a much larger number of lysine residues reacted with glucose to collapse the insoluble filaments, in contrast to the carp myosin rods.  相似文献   

CikA, a bacteriophytochrome that resets the cyanobacterial circadian clock     

Schmitz O  Katayama M  Williams SB  Kondo T  Golden SS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5480):765-768

The circadian oscillator of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, like those in eukaryotes, is entrained by environmental cues. Inactivation of the gene cikA (circadian input kinase) shortens the circadian period of gene expression rhythms in S. elongatus by approximately 2 hours, changes the phasing of a subset of rhythms, and nearly abolishes resetting of phase by a pulse of darkness. The CikA protein sequence reveals that it is a divergent bacteriophytochrome with characteristic histidine protein kinase motifs and a cryptic response regulator motif. CikA is likely a key component of a pathway that provides environmental input to the circadian oscillator in S. elongatus.  相似文献   

Non‐targeted analyses of animal plasma: betaine and choline represent the nutritional and metabolic status     

K. Katayama  T. Sato  T. Arai  H. Amao  Y. Ohta  T. Ozawa  P. R. Kenyon  R. E. Hickson  H. Tazaki 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(1):119-125

Simple liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) was applied to non‐targeted metabolic analyses to discover new metabolic markers in animal plasma. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares–discriminate analysis (PLS‐DA) were used to analyse LC‐MS multivariate data. PCA clearly generated two separate clusters for artificially induced diabetic mice and healthy control mice. PLS‐DA of time‐course changes in plasma metabolites of chicks after feeding generated three clusters (pre‐ and immediately after feeding, 0.5–3 h after feeding and 4 h after feeding). Two separate clusters were also generated for plasma metabolites of pregnant Angus heifers with differing live‐weight change profiles (gaining or losing). The accompanying PLS‐DA loading plot detailed the metabolites that contribute the most to the cluster separation. In each case, the same highly hydrophilic metabolite was strongly correlated to the group separation. The metabolite was identified as betaine by LC‐MS/MS. This result indicates that betaine and its metabolic precursor, choline, may be useful biomarkers to evaluate the nutritional and metabolic status of animals.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activity in astringent and non-astringent persimmons     

Satoru Kondo  Hiroyuki Yoshikawa  Rie Katayama 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):390-394

Summary

Catechins, ascorbic acid and -cryptoxanthin concentrations during fruit development and the antioxidant activity in skin and flesh were investigated in astringent ‘Saijyo’ and non-astringent ‘Fuyu’ persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). The IC₅₀ values (a midpoint of 50% between zero and full inhibition of diazo dye formation) of superoxide (O₂^–)-scavenging activity remained low in the skin throughout fruit development.The IC₅₀ values of the activity increased with d after full bloom (DAFB) in the flesh of the non-astringent type, whereas values remained low until harvest in the astringent type. However, IC₅₀ values increased sharply after the removal of astringency with ethanol spray. Catechin concentrations in the flesh also decreased after the removal of astringency, whereas the concentrations in the skin did not decrease. Ascorbic acid concentrations in the skin and flesh were high at the beginning and middle of fruit development, but -cryptoxanthin in the skin and flesh increased toward harvest. However, -cryptoxanthin concentrations in the skin and flesh were lower than catechins and ascorbic acid. In addition, IC₅₀ in the flesh of the non-astringnet type was high despite the increase of -cryptoxanthin at harvest.These results suggest that catechins and ascorbic acid influence O₂-scavenging activity at the beginning and middle of fruit development, and catechins are associated with the O₂-scavenging activity at ripening. Changes in 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radicalscavenging activity with fruit developmental stage were similar to that for O₂^–. That is, IC₅₀ values of DPPH-radical-scavenging activity decreased rapidly after the removal of astringency. -cryptoxanthin did not eliminate the DPPH-radicals. Therefore, the DPPH-radicals in persimmons may be eliminated primarily by catechins and ascorbic acid. The utilization of tannins before the removal of astringency is discussed.  相似文献   

Crossability of American tree peony ‘High Noon’ as seed parent with Japanese cultivars to breed superior cultivars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qing Hao  Noriaki Aoki  Jyunko Katayama  Tetsuya Kako  Kyeong-Seong Cheon  Yusuke Akazawa  Nobuo Kobayashi 《Euphytica》2013,191(1):35-44

The tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a valuable ornamental plant. American and French cultivars have desirable flower colors, while, Japanese cultivars have larger flowers with better presentation. We hybridized an American tree peony cultivar ‘High Noon (HN)’ (the seed parent) with 57 different Japanese cultivars (pollen parents) to investigate cross compatibility, with the ultimate goal of obtaining improved hybrids. Of the 1,927 crosses performed, 135 (38 cross combinations) yielded a total of 181 seeds (86 mature) and 22 seedlings. Five of the hybrids have already flowered and exhibited their parent character with large yellow flowers. To investigate the causes of cross incompatibility, we examined pollen tube growth in a cross between ‘HN’ and a Japanese cultivar. The result indicated that there are three most important causes of incompatibility, namely, abnormal pollen tube growth, the failure of fertilized ovules, and poor seed germination. Although cross compatibility in each combination was low, crosses between ‘HN’ and Japanese cultivars might be successful with the right paternal plants. In this study, 13 Japanese cultivars had higher cross compatibility with ‘HN’ than the others. Our results will enhance tree peony breeding and guide the selection of parents for hybridization.  相似文献   

Analysis of deflection and dynamic plant characteristics of Cyperus malaccensis Lam     

Mana Shioya  Arata Myoga  Atsuya Kitagawa  Yukihisa Tokunaga  Hiroaki Hayashi  Yasuo Kogo 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):242-249

ABSTRACT