Nitrogen-fixing microoganisms in paddy soils XVI     

Tadashi Katayama  Michiharu Kobayashi  Azuma Okuda 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):31-35

1. It was proved that under aerobic shaking conditions of the system of R. capsulatus mixed with Az. agilis or R. capsulatus mixed with B. megaterium, the bacterial growth of both and the nitrogen fixation were promoted markedly, comp:ired with the non-shaking culture. However, in the system of R. capsulatus mixed with B. subtilis under aerobic shaking conditions. such remarkable stimulative effects were not recognized altough some slow effects were recognized in the nonshaking culture.

2. It was also proved that under aerobic shaking conditions of the system of R. capsulatus mixed with Az. agilis or R. capsulatus mixed with B. megaterium the assimilative activity of carbon dioxide increased over 10 times more than in the separate pure culture.

From these results, it is conceivable that a very good environment was created for the internal metabolism of R. capsulatus in such mixing systems (R-Az and R-Bm).  相似文献   

Nucleic acids in the culture fluids of Rhodopseudomonas capsulatus and other heterotrophic bacteria     

Tadashi Katayama  Michiharu Kobayashi  Azuma Okuda 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):101-106

In previous papers (1,2), it was reported that in cultures of R. capsulatus mixed with other heterotrophic bacteria nitrogen fixation is accelerated and there is some production of slime substances (3), exchange of pyruvic acid (4–6), amino acids, carbohydrates (7) and others in these mixed systems. There is also symbiotic association between R. capsulatus and other heterotrophic bacteria (Azotobacter) in nature (8).  相似文献   

Forced vital capacity in cats     

M Fujita  H Orima  M Shimizu  S Motoyoshi  M Katayama  K Miyasaka 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(5):1097-1098

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Software development for estimating the concentration of radioactive cesium in the skeletal muscles of cattle from blood samples          下载免费PDF全文

Tomokazu Fukuda  Masahiro Hiji  Yasushi Kino  Yasuyuki Abe  Hideaki Yamashiro  Jin Kobayashi  Yoshinaka Shimizu  Atsushi Takahashi  Toshihiko Suzuki  Mirei Chiba  Kazuya Inoue  Yoshikazu Kuwahara  Motoko Morimoto  Masafumi Katayama  Kenichiro Donai  Hisashi Shinoda  Tsutomu Sekine  Manabu Fukumoto  Emiko Isogai 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(6):842-847

The 2011 earthquake severely damaged the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP), resulting in the release of large quantities of radioactive material into the environment. The deposition of these radionuclides in rice straw as livestock feed led to the circulation of contaminated beef in the market. Based on the safety concern of the consumers, a reliable method for estimating concentrations of radioactive cesium in muscle tissue is needed. In this study, we analyzed the concentrations of radioactive cesium in the blood and skeletal muscle of 88 cattle, and detected a linear correlation between them. We then developed software that can be used to estimate radioactive cesium concentrations in muscle tissue from blood samples. Distribution of this software to the livestock production field would allow us to easily identify high‐risk cattle, which would be beyond the safety regulation, before shipping out to the market. This software is planned to be released as freeware. This software would contribute to food safety, and aid the recovery of the livestock industry from the damage creacted by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami.  相似文献   

Kite Shield‐Shaped Wedge Recession for Treatment of Medial Patellar Luxation in Seven Small‐Breed Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Masaaki Katayama  Hikaru Ogaya  Shimamura Shunsuke  Yuji Uzuka 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(1):66-70

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Immunohistochemical localization of enzymes related to lignin biosynthesis in the primary xylem of hybrid aspen     

Yoshihiro Katayama  Yoko Mashino  Nobuyuki Nishikubo  Kaori Yoshitomi  Ryo Funada  Shinya Kajita 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(6):457-466

We have investigated the spatial regulation of the accumulation of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of shikimate and lignin during differentiation of primary xylem from the apical meristem via procambium in hybrid aspen (Populus sieboldii x Populus grandidentata). Immuohistochemical staining revealed that, in the top part of shoots, lignification began in a single or just a few adjacent vessel elements and subsequently spread to neighboring cells. The spatial localization of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS), which is one of the key enzymes in the shikimate pathway, was tightly correlated with the cell-specific deposition of lignin in the primary xylem. We also found that the spatial localization of enzymes in the general phenylpropanoid pathway and in the lignin-specific pathway was closely associated with the cell-specific deposition of lignin and the accumulation of DAHPS. Our data suggest that enzymes that act in the shikimate, general phenylpropanoid, and lignin-specific pathways are initially produced and function coordinately in a single or a few adjacent elements at the start of primary xylem development.  相似文献   

Freezing behaviors in leaf buds of cold-hardy conifers visualized by NMR microscopy     

Ide H  Price WS  Arata Y  Ishikawa M 《Tree physiology》1998,18(7):451-458

1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy was used to study freezing behavior in wintering leaf buds of Momi fir (Abies firma Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.). The images acquired predominantly reflected the density of mobile (i.e., non-ice) protons mainly from unfrozen water. By comparing images taken at various subfreezing temperatures, we determined which tissues produced the high and low temperature exotherms detected by differential thermal analyses. Typical extra-organ freezing was successfully imaged in leaf buds of A. firma. The bud scales readily froze at -7 degrees C, but shoot primordia remained supercooled to -14 degrees C in December buds and to -21 degrees C in March buds. The size of supercooled shoot primordia was reduced with decreasing temperature, indicating a gradual decrease in water content of the shoot primordia. In contrast, the signal from shoot primordia of P. densiflora disappeared between -7 and -14 degrees C, corresponding to the high temperature exotherm at -8 degrees C, indicating extracellular freezing of the shoot primordia. The xylem and bark tissues readily froze at -7 degrees C in A. firma and between -7 and -14 degrees C in P. densiflora. We conclude that NMR microscopy can noninvasively provide more spatially specific information about freezing behavior in leaf buds than traditional methods such as differential thermal analysis. In particular, it allows the organized and harmonized freezing behaviors in complex organs to be visualized directly thereby revealing the diversity of mechanisms involved in freezing behaviors.  相似文献   

Influence of shoot architectural position on shoot growth and branching patterns in Cleyera japonica     

Suzuki A 《Tree physiology》2002,22(12):885-890

The influence of shoot architectural position on shoot growth and branching patterns was examined in saplings of Cleyera japonica Thunb. (Theaceae), an understory, broad-leaf evergreen woody species. Shoot length varied with branching order and the vertical position of the branch in the crown. In the upper crown, shoot length decreased with increasing branching order, whereas in the lower crown, differences in shoot length among branching orders were not significant. These results demonstrate that it is important to consider not only individual shoots, but also the relationships between shoots in terms of their architectural positions when studying the development of crown architecture in trees. Shoot branching patterns also varied with branching order and the vertical position of the branch in the crown. In the upper crown, branching was mainly sylleptic. In the middle of the crown, mainly proleptic branches were produced. In the lower crown, there was little branching. The importance of these trends in shoot growth and shoot branching patterns in terms of carbon production efficiency is discussed.  相似文献   

Contributions of salmon-derived nitrogen to riparian vegetation in the northwest Pacific region     

Akiko Nagasaka  Yu Nagasaka  Kinuko Ito  Tsutomu Mano  Masami Yamanaka  Atushi Katayama  Yoshikazu Sato  Andrey L. Grankin  Andrey I. Zdorikov  Gennady A. Boronov 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(5):377-382

We examined the relationship between the annual escapement of salmon and the δ ¹⁵N of willow (Salix spp.) leaves to evaluate the contribution of marine-derived nutrients (MDN) to riparian vegetation around the Pacific Northwest and Northeast regions. Foliar δ ¹⁵N values ranged from −3.42‰ to 4.65‰. The value increased with increasing density of carcasses up to 500 fish/km and 1500 fish/km. δ ¹⁵N values were variable at carcass densities below 500 fish/km. Possible factors affecting the fluctuation of δ ¹⁵N at reference sites are: (1) denitrification; (2) the presence of N₂-fixing trees, such as alder; and (3) agricultural runoff. δ ¹⁵N values at the sites with carcass densities over 500 fish/km were consistently high, while a value of δ ¹⁵N below zero was observed at only one site (Rusha River; δ ¹⁵N = −1.87‰). At this site, most adult pink salmon returned to limited locations near the estuary because steeper channel gradients acted as a migration barrier, resulting in the negative δ ¹⁵N value. Nevertheless, we concluded that our results showed evidence of the feedback of MDN to terrestrial vegetation, although the use of the δ ¹⁵N value as a terrestrial end member at spawning sites is limited. If the relationship between the enrichment index, which is expressed as the values using a mixing model, and salmon abundance was estimated, the availability of MDN in riparian ecosystems could possibly be evaluated and will lead to the establishment of escapement goals. An erratum to this article is available at .  相似文献   

Scaling-up from tree to stand transpiration for a warm-temperate multi-specific broadleaved forest with a wide variation in stem diameter     

Chen-Wei?ChiuEmail author  Hikaru?Komatsu  Ayumi?Katayama  Kyoichi?Otsuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2016,21(4):161-169

Previous studies have demonstrated a clear relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree transpiration (Q _T) in multi-specific broadleaved forests. However, these studies were conducted with a limited range of tree sizes and species, and thus many multi-specific broadleaved forests fall outside these conditions. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between DBH and Q _T in a warm-temperate multi-specific broadleaved forest (n = 12 species) with a wide range of tree sizes (5.0–70.0 cm DBH) using the Granier-type heat dissipation method. The results showed that, although sap flow density varied between individual trees and species, there was a significant relationship between log Q _T and log DBH (r ² = 0.66, P < 0.001) because of the strong dependence of sapwood area on DBH. This study confirmed the applicability of the relationship for the stand transpiration (E _C) estimates even in a multi-specific broadleaved forest with a wide variation in DBH. Our results also revealed that selecting the sample trees in descending order of DBH effectively reduced potential errors in E _C estimates for a specific sample size, as larger trees contribute more to E _C. This information should be useful for future studies investigating the transpiration of multi-specific broadleaved forests, reducing errors during the scaling-up procedure.  相似文献