Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Study of Interactions of HMW Subunits of Wheat Glutenin     

Andrew D. L. Humphris  Terence J. McMaster  Mervyn J. Miles  Simon M. Gilbert  Peter R. Shewry  Arthur S. Tatham 《Cereal Chemistry》2000,77(2):107-110

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the noncovalent interactions of alkylated HMW subunit 1Dx5 and a M _r 58,000 peptide derived from the central repetitive domain. Both protein and peptide align side‐by‐side to form fibrils, the HMW subunit forming a branched network, and the peptide forming linear rods. The N‐ and C‐terminal domains of the subunit would, therefore, appear to contain regions that interact through noncovalent interactions in the absence of disulfide bond formation. These regions may be of importance in facilitating disulfide bond formation during protein body development.  相似文献   

Water pollution by intensive brackish shrimp farming in south-east Vietnam: Causes and options for control   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pham Thi Anh  Carolien Kroeze  Arthur P.J. Mol 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(6):872-882

This paper focuses on both the environmental impact of intensive shrimp farming in the coastal region of Vietnam and the identification of options for cleaner production. We investigated water pollution, sediment contamination and the spread of diseases related to shrimp farming in the Can Gio district of Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), an area representative for the impacts of intensive shrimp production in the country. Data on the production process was compiled from site observations, interviews with local farmers and experts, as well as from secondary sources. The results indicate that, while a large number of individual farms may exceed environmental standards, intensive shrimp farming is not always associated with waste streams exceeding water quality standards. This is interesting because it shows currently available technologies can reduce pollution from intensive shrimp farms. The paper concludes by identifying technologically and economically feasible options for reducing water pollution, problems associated with contaminated sediment, and the spread of diseases.  相似文献   

Soybean expansion impacts on soil organic matter in the eastern region of the Maranhão State (Northeastern Brazil)     

Marcos Siqueira-Neto  Gustavo V. Popin  Gregori E. Ferrão  Arthur K. B. Santos  Carlos E. P. Cerri  Tiago O. Ferreira 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(2):1203-1216

Recently, the eastern region of the Maranhão state (Northeastern Brazil) became a hotspot of land-use change (LUC) directly from native vegetation to soybean cultivation, but due to the soil characteristics, LUC has caused substantial soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen depletion. Therefore, we quantified these impacts arising from two factors: (i) different timeframes after LUC and (ii) contrasting soil management practices. For the first study, soil samples (0–30 cm; six replicates) were taken on soybean fields year one, year eight and 15 years after LUC. It the second study, another area was sampled, of which part was managed under no-tillage (NT) and the other using a mouldboard plough (MP). For both studies, native vegetation (NV) was sampled as the control. NV stored about 50 Mg of carbon (C) ha⁻¹; but LUC reduced C stocks by 35% (after 8 and 15 years); moreover, labile-C decreased between 20% and 45%, while, microbial-C decreased between 20% and 60%, considering the interval between year one and 15 years. Regarding soil management, the MP did not cause differences on C stock (24 Mg C ha⁻¹) in comparison to NT; however, both labile-C and microbial-C decreased by 15% to NT, while, decreased by 40% to MP. These results lead us to believe that, since LUC is inevitable, we suggested the adoption of the best agricultural management practices, in order to preserve/increase the SOC, reducing the impacts on GHG emissions and, thus, achieving sustainability and profitability.  相似文献