Molecular markers linked to the <Emphasis Type="Italic">fin</Emphasis> gene controlling determinate growth habit in common bean   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Astrid Pañeda  Cristina Rodríguez-Suárez  Ana Campa  Juan José Ferreira  Ramón Giraldez 《Euphytica》2008,160(2):241-248

The S-genotypes of 16 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars native to China were determined by the S-allele PCR approach and the results were confirmed by cross-pollination tests among these cultivars. Primer combination EM-PC2consFD + EM-PC3consR, based on the conserved regions C2 and C3 of Rosaceous S-RNase genes, was the most useful primer combination for identifying Chinese apricot S-alleles. Twelve S-RNase alleles were identified using this primer combination, and they were defined as follows: S ₉ was 657 bp, S ₁₀ was 266 bp, S ₁₁ was 464 bp, S ₁₂ was 360 bp, S ₁₃ was 401 bp, S ₁₄ was 492 bp, S ₁₅ was 469 bp, S ₁₆ was 481 bp, S ₁₇ was 487 bp, S ₁₈ was 1337 bp, S ₁₉ was 546 bp and S ₂₀ was 1934 bp. S ₁₁–S ₂₀ were new S-RNase genes deposited in GenBank under accession numbers DQ868316, DQ870628-DQ870634, EF133689 and EF160078, respectively. Our findings contribute to a more efficient breeding program of Chinese apricot and further studies on the S-RNase genes.  相似文献   

Sustainable palm oil as a public responsibility? On the governance capacity of Indonesian Standard for Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO)     

Nia Kurniawati Hidayat  Astrid Offermans  Pieter Glasbergen 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(1):223-242

This paper is motivated by the observation that Southern governments start to take responsibility for a more sustainable production of agricultural commodities as a response to earlier private initiatives by businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Indonesia is one of the leading countries in this respect, with new public sustainability regulations on coffee, cocoa and palm oil. Based on the concept of governance capacity, the paper develops an evaluation tool to answer the question whether the new public regulation on sustainable palm oil (ISPO) may become a viable alternative to private regulation. ISPO embraces a tremendous governance challenge as thousands of companies and millions of smallholder farmers are expected to participate. It is concluded that, although ISPO has initiated a process of change, it has not yet developed its full potential. The main reason regards ISPO’s rather loose problem definition, weak authority of the implementing organization, and the fact that the reliability of ISPO is still too low to convince (parts) of the global market. ISPO may therefore face difficulties in meeting its own targets and solving palm-oil related problems, such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and social conflicts between big plantations and local communities. The main governance challenge regards combining a more authoritative implementation mechanism with a convincing balance between sustainability objectives and economic interests of the sector.  相似文献   

No evidence of superclones in leaf-feeding forms of austrian grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae)     

Forneck  Astrid  Anhalt  Ulrike C. M.  Mammerler  Roswitha  Griesser  Michaela 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,142(3):441-448

European Journal of Plant Pathology - The genetic structure of ten grape phylloxera populations, sampled in summer of 2006 and 2007 from four distinct viticultural areas in Austria, Daktulosphaira...  相似文献   

The invasive ergot Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae recently established in the European Wadden Sea on common cord grass is genetically homogeneous and the sclerotia contain high amounts of ergot alkaloids     

Christian Boestfleisch  Astrid M. Drotleff  Waldemar Ternes  Stefan Nehring  Sylvie Pažoutová  Jutta Papenbrock 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,141(3):445-461

  相似文献   

Effects of C and N availability and soil-water potential interactions on N₂O evolution and PLFA composition     

Astrid J. Andersen  Søren O. Petersen 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(8):1726-23

Mitigation of agricultural N₂O emissions via management requires quantitative information about the regulation of the underlying processes. In this laboratory study, short-term evolution of N₂O from repacked soil was determined using an arable sandy loam soil adjusted to three water potentials (−15, −30 or −100 hPa) that were reached by adjustment of partly air-dried soil with nutrient solutions or water; a water retention curve of repacked soil had been determined prior to the incubation experiment. The amendments included a control treatment receiving water (CTL), and aqueous solutions of carbon in the form of glucose (C), ammonium sulfate (N), or both (CN). Rates of CO₂ and N₂O evolution were followed during 14 days. Soil inorganic N and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition were analyzed by the end of incubation. Across all nutrient treatments, the soil at the lower moisture content (−100 hPa) showed little or no N₂O evolution irrespective of nutrient treatment. Adding glucose alone reduced N₂O evolution relative to CTL. The addition of N alone had no effect on soil respiration, but significantly increased nitrate accumulation and N₂O evolution. The CN treatment resulted in higher respiration than with C amendment alone, but less N₂O evolution than with N alone, at least at −15 and −30 hPa. Whole-soil PLFA fingerprints at the end of incubation reflected the complex response of gaseous emissions. At −15 hPa growth of Gram negative bacteria, probably including denitrifiers, in the CN treatment was indicated by low cyclopropane-to-precursor ratios. At −100 hPa differentiation of branched-chain fatty acids was taken as evidence for an effect of C amendment on Gram positive bacteria. The highest potential for N₂O evolution was observed at the intermediate soil wetness level; the corresponding gas diffusivities indicated that this parameter may be a better predictor of N₂O emissions than water-filled pore space.  相似文献   

The Chlamydomonas genome reveals the evolution of key animal and plant functions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Merchant SS  Prochnik SE  Vallon O  Harris EH  Karpowicz SJ  Witman GB  Terry A  Salamov A  Fritz-Laylin LK  Maréchal-Drouard L  Marshall WF  Qu LH  Nelson DR  Sanderfoot AA  Spalding MH  Kapitonov VV  Ren Q  Ferris P  Lindquist E  Shapiro H  Lucas SM  Grimwood J  Schmutz J  Cardol P  Cerutti H  Chanfreau G  Chen CL  Cognat V  Croft MT  Dent R  Dutcher S  Fernández E  Fukuzawa H  González-Ballester D  González-Halphen D  Hallmann A  Hanikenne M  Hippler M  Inwood W  Jabbari K  Kalanon M  Kuras R  Lefebvre PA  Lemaire SD  Lobanov AV 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5848):245-250

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the approximately 120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.  相似文献   

Reproductive ecology of the threatened and endemic freshwater mussel Lampsilis bracteata     

L. Ashley Seagroves  M. Christopher Barnhart  Thom Hardy  Astrid N. Schwalb 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(8):1216-1226

Stress and mortality in the supply chain of live scallops Pecten maximus L., from scuba diver to market          下载免费PDF全文

Astrid K Woll  Snorre Bakke 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(2):594-607

Here, we report results from a project where the aim was to study stress and mortality in the supply chain from harvest to market for live scallops Pecten maximus L., hand‐picked by scuba divers. With experiments conducted both during the warm (September) and cold (April) seasons, emphasis was put on how mechanical influence, stacking height, post‐harvest water storage and dry transport affected scallop fitness. When scallops were exposed to mild‐ or hard mechanical shocks (dropped three times from 50 or 150 cm), it was found that hard mechanical shock caused up to 90% mortality during subsequent water storage. Results from the experiments where scallops were stored at different stacking heights (15, 30 and 50 cm) in water showed that both the duration of storage and the stacking height had a significant effect on mortality. Higher stacking heights also affected survival in subsequent transport. For long‐term storage (>7 days), it is recommended to limit the stacking height of scallops stored in tanks to reduce risk of mortality. Respiration experiments showed an average oxygen consumption of 0.10 and 0.24 mg O₂ min^?1 kg^?1 f.w. in the cold and warm season respectively. Water supply during storage of scallops should be adjusted to water temperature and biomass. Registration of mortality and analysis of the Adenylic Energy Charge of scallops followed through the production cycle from harvest to market indicate that it is the sum of stressors that are determinable for final survival.  相似文献   

The spatial and temporal disappearance of different oral rabies vaccine baits     

Vos A  Sutor A  Selhorst T  Schwarz S  Pötzsch C  Staubach C  Müller T 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(9-10):360-366

Bait disappearance can give valuable information for the assessment of oral vaccination campaigns of foxes against rabies. In this study, the spatial and temporal disappearance of three different vaccine baits under almost identical conditions was investigated. In the study area, 350 baits were placed at previously marked positions during two different periods; late autumn and early spring. The distribution of baits was in accordance with the method as recommended by the European Union; a density of 20 baits per km2 along flight lines 500m apart. Bait disappearance was checked 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after distribution. At least 80% of the baits had disappeared within one week after distribution. No difference in bait disappearance was observed between the two selected periods. However, a significant higher bait disappearance was observed in forested areas when compared to open agricultural areas. Furthermore, the differences in bait disappearance between the three type of baits tested were relatively small and not significant.  相似文献   

Simulation of local anaesthetic nerve block of the infraorbital nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa: anatomical landmarks defined by computed tomography     

Staszyk C  Bienert A  Bäumer W  Feige K  Gasse H 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(3):399-406

To provide anaesthesia of the maxillary cheek teeth, a local block of the infraorbital nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa has been suggested. The aim of this study was to re-examine the anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa, giving special attention to relevant arteries, veins and nerves; simulate the infiltration of an anaesthetic by injecting a contrast medium; improve the injection technique to avoid puncturing of relevant anatomical structures. Five heads and two living horses were investigated using contrast medium injections and computed tomography (CT). Needles were inserted using two insertion techniques: "Palatine Bone Insertion" (PBI) and "Extraperiorbital Fat Body Insertion" (EFBI). Both techniques are suitable for achieving a consistent distribution of contrast medium around the infraorbital nerve. The periorbita prevents the contrast medium from penetrating into the intraperiorbital compartment. The EFBI-technique is most appropriate for providing a sufficient infraorbital nerve block with a minimised risk of complications.  相似文献