A practical formula for quantifying the thermal conductivity of Tottori dune sand     

Hidetoshi Mochizuki  Iwao Sakaguchi  Arata Katayama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):613-618

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture needs appropriate management of water, chemicals and heat in soil. In this study, we focused on thermal conductivity, which is among the various soil physical properties that are crucial for the sustainable management of agricultural fields. To expand the Mochizuki model, which describes thermal conductivity as a function of water content and solution concentration, we considered the water content, solution concentration and temperature as independent variables. The thermal conductivity of Tottori dune sand was measured under conditions of various combinations of these three independent variables. We observed that the thermal conductivity increased linearly with increasing water content, 0.054–0.276 m³ m^?3, for fixed temperature and solution concentration, and varied linearly with solution concentration for fixed temperature and water content. These results are consistent with the Mochizuki model. Using the Mochizuki model, the experimental parameters, which are dependent variables of water content and solution concentration, are shown as functions of water content. From regression analyses of the relationships between the experimental parameters and temperature, we expanded the Mochizuki model into a new practical formula that quantifies the soil thermal conductivity as a function of water content, solution concentration and temperature.  相似文献   

Construction of monopartite geminivirus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vectors using a two-component strategy     

Watanabe  Kikyo  Sakane  Aya  Terada  Ryosuke  Nishigawa  Hisashi  Suzuki  Masashi  Ugaki  Masashi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2021,87(6):366-376

Journal of General Plant Pathology - Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a rapid and efficient tool to elucidate plant gene functions by inserting a target gene fragment into a viral genome and...  相似文献   

New analogs of pochonicine,a potent β-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibitor from fungus Pochonia suchlasporia var. suchlasporia TAMA 87     

Yuhichi Mushiake  Aya Tsuchida  Asami Yamada  Hiroshi Kanzaki  Toru Okuda  Teruhiko Nitoda 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(1):115

Three novel analogs of pochonicine (1) were isolated from a solid fermentation culture of the fungal strain Pochonia suchlasporia var. suchlasporia TAMA 87, and their structures were elucidated as 7-deoxypochonicine (2), 6-deoxypochonicine (3), and 6,7-dideoxypochonicine (4). These analogs were found to possess the same stereochemistry as pochonicine. Comparison of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) inhibitory activity between these analogs and pochonicine suggested that the C-6 hydroxy group of pochonicine was essential to its potent GlcNAcase inhibitory activity and that the C-7 hydroxy group also contributed to the activity, but to a lesser extent than the C-6 hydroxy group.  相似文献   

Effect of fructo‐oligosaccharide on nitrogen utilization in guinea pigs     

Kiyonori Kawasaki  Xiao Min  Ai Nishiyama  Ei Sakaguchi 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(4):328-333

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of fructo‐oligosaccharide (FOS) on the nitrogen (N) utilization and digestibilities of dietary nutrients through cecotrophy in guinea pigs. Adult male guinea pigs that were housed or not housed in wooden frames to prevent cecotrophy were fed a commercial pellet diet (50 g/day) with 3% and 5% glucose or FOS for 8 days in individual metabolism cages. In the guinea pigs allowed cecotrophy, addition of FOS to the diet had no significant effects on body weight gain or apparent digestibility of N, but showed significantly lower value for the urinary N excretion and acid‐detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and significantly higher value for N retention and the N retention rate (P < 0.05). In the guinea pigs prevented from cecotrophy, FOS had no effect on N retention, but showed tendencies toward a higher value for fecal N excretion and a lower value for urinary N excretion. These results suggest that FOS stimulates cecal microbial proliferation, thereby improving N utilization in guinea pigs.  相似文献   

Effect of co‐culture with intact embryos on development of bovine separated blastomeres     

Makoto Nagai  Noboru Hori  Michiko Miyamoto  Masanobu Sakaguchi  Yuji Hayakawa  Megumi Kawai  Mitsuo Kita  Tetsuya Furuya  Kei Imai 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(6):461-465

To improve embryo development in bovine separated blastomeres, we evaluated applicability of co‐culture with intact embryos. The morphological quality of blastocysts derived from separated blastomeres and rate of blastocyst formation were only slightly increased when the cells were co‐cultured with intact embryos, which did not provide significant differences when statistically analyzed. However, the cell count of inner cell mass (ICM), trophectoderm (TE) and total number of cells in Day 8 blastocysts were significantly higher when the cells were co‐cultured with the intact embryos than those with the cells cultured individually (P < 0.05). Transfer of four monozygotic pairs of blastocysts derived from the cells co‐cultured with intact embryos led to three pregnancies even when the blastomeres were produced by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization of oocytes collected by ovum pick‐up from elite cows. These results suggest that co‐culturing with intact embryos may enhance development of bovine separated blastomere.  相似文献   

Food education as food literacy: privatized and gendered food knowledge in contemporary Japan     

Aya H. Kimura 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(4):465-482

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Large-scale survey of adverse reactions to canine non-rabies combined vaccines in Japan     

Miyaji K  Suzuki A  Shimakura H  Takase Y  Kiuchi A  Fujimura M  Kurita G  Tsujimoto H  Sakaguchi M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):447-452

Canine non-rabies combined vaccines are widely used to protect animals from infectious agents, and also play an important role in public health. We performed a large-scale survey to investigate vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs), including anaphylaxis, in Japan by distributing questionnaires on VAAEs to veterinary hospitals from April 1, 2006 through May 31, 2007. Valid responses were obtained for 57,300 vaccinated dogs at 573 animal hospitals; we obtained VAAEs information for last 100 vaccinated dogs in each veterinary hospital. We found that of the 57,300, 359 dogs showed VAAEs. Of the 359 dogs, death was observed in 1, anaphylaxis in 41, dermatological signs in 244, gastrointestinal signs in 160, and other signs in 106. Onset of VAAEs was mostly observed within 12h after vaccination (n=299, 83.3%). In this study, anaphylaxis events occurred within 60 min after vaccination, and about half of these events occurred within 5 min (n=19, 46.3%). Furthermore, where anaphylaxis was reported, additional information to support the diagnosis was obtained by reinvestigation. Our resurvey of dogs with anaphylaxis yielded responses on 31 dogs; 27 of these demonstrated collapse (87.1%), 24 demonstrated cyanosis (77.4%), and both signs occurred in 22 (71.0%). Higher rates of animal VAAEs, anaphylaxis, and death were found in Japan than in other countries. Further investigations, including survey studies, will be necessary to elucidate the interaction between death and vaccination and the risk factors for VAAEs, and thus develop safer vaccines. Moreover, it may also be necessary to continually update the data of VAAEs.  相似文献   

IgE reactivity to a Cry j 3, an allergen of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen in dogs with canine atopic dermatitis     

Kubota S  Miyaji K  Shimo Y  Shimakura H  Takase Y  Okamoto N  Kiuchi A  Fujimura M  Fujimura T  Deboer DJ  Tsukui T  Sakaguchi M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,149(1-2):132-135

The present study investigated IgE reactivity to a new Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergen (Cry j 3) in dogs with atopic dermatitis by using a fluorometric ELISA. Serum samples from 15 dogs that showed IgE sensitivity to crude C. japonica pollen allergen by ELISA were tested for specific IgE to each allergen, individually. All 15 dogs had anti-Cry j 1 IgE, 6 (40%) had anti-Cry j 2 IgE, and 11 (73%) had anti-Cry j 3 IgE. Further, we found that these anti-Cry j 3 IgE reacted to Cry j 3 with immunoblotting analysis. These findings indicate that Cry j 3 may be a major allergen in dogs.  相似文献   

New localities and awn morphology variation in Miscanthus ×ogiformis          下载免费PDF全文

Hiroshi Hayakawa  Aya Nishiwaki  Tomoko Nishida  Akihiro Konuma 《Weed Biology and Management》2017,17(3):136-143

Miscanthus ×ogiformis is a hybrid between Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sinensis and its several synonyms indicate the insufficient understanding of the morphological variation of its awn on the spikelet, which is a key characteristic for identifying Miscanthus species. In the present study, all the Miscanthus specimens in 19 herbaria were examined in order to find new localities for Miscanthus ×ogiformis. Thirty‐nine Miscanthus ×ogiformis specimens appeared to be naturally occurring hybrids, as their callus hair length, awn length, and callus‐to‐spikelet ratio differed from those found in the parental species. Therefore, new Miscanthus ×ogiformis individuals with morphological variations are likely to be discovered and these strains might be useful as new genetic resources for this biomass crop.  相似文献   

Better management practices and their outcomes in shrimp farming: evidence from small-scale shrimp farmers in Southern Vietnam     

Aya Suzuki  Vu Hoang Nam 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(2):469-486

Despite the growth of aquaculture exports from developing countries to developed countries in recent years, a high percentage of these products are rejected at developed countries’ ports because of non-compliance with international standards. This paper presents a case study of the shrimp aquaculture sector in Vietnam to examine the factors behind the persistence of such port rejections. In particular, we focus on why the so-called better management practices (BMPs) are not appropriately adopted by many farmers and examine whether the number and types of information sources matter in farmers’ decisions on BMP adoption and whether BMP adoption actually leads to better performances. On the basis of our estimation using primary data collected in Southern Vietnam, we find that information sources and training experiences indeed matter in the adoption of a higher number of BMPs and that BMP adoption indeed reduces the possibility of disease outbreaks. These results prove the effectiveness of BMPs and suggest the importance of disseminating knowledge regarding them to farmers through experts.  相似文献