Die morphologischen Merkmale vonFormica rufa L. undFormica polyctena Först., zwei für die Vermehrung wichtige Ameisenarten     

R. Lange 《Journal of pest science》1959,32(4):57-58

Ohne ZusammenfassungDie Arbeiten wurden mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt.  相似文献   

Growth Strategies for a Declining Market- the German Fresh Potato Market     

F. D. Lange  L. M. Kawchuk 《American Journal of Potato Research》2014,91(5):440-446

To determine potential growth strategies for the German fresh potato market, production area, harvested quantities, producer prices and consumption values for the German potato market were examined using trend analysis. German potato harvests were stable over time due to improved growing techniques. Producer longterm prices stayed stable despite their periodic volatility. Overall production area and levels of fresh potato consumption are undergoing a sharp decline. Furthermore, there is a significant relation between total yield and producer prices as dependent variables. In order to compensate for the reduction in consumption, a framework was developed to change the commodity status of fresh potatoes into a differentiated product with new market potential. A consumer and product orientated market segmentation and analysis was applied to the fresh potato market to identify trends and future opportunities. Application of these new differentiated products will help stop the decline of fresh potato consumption by attracting new customers in urban and rural areas. In addition, these new markets are expected to reduce the producer price volatility.  相似文献   

Protection of gruntlings against classical swine fever virus-infection after oral vaccination of sows with C-strain vaccine     

Kaden V  Lange E  Müller T  Teuffert J  Teifke JP  Riebe R 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(10):455-460

The objective of this study was to investigate the maternal protection of gruntlings derived from wild sows vaccinated orally against classical swine fever (CSF) using C-strain vaccine. Three vaccinated sows and one unvaccinated control sow were included. Challenge infection of the progeny was carried out either intranasally or by contact at the beginning of the third month of life (61-65 days post-natum). Whereas, two of three litters had maternal antibodies, the progeny of one vaccinated sow was seronegative at challenge. The progeny of the control sow, which was challenged by contact infection, developed moderate clinical signs except for one animal which became ill and died. Two gruntlings derived from the vaccinated sows also died of CSF, although one of them had a relatively high maternal antibody titre (128 ND(50)). The transient infection and partial virus shedding observed in a small number of gruntlings with maternal antibodies and the fact that one animal with maternal antibodies became ill and died confirm the incomplete maternal protection at this age. The reason for this incomplete protection is discussed. As none of the surviving gruntlings could be shown to carry CSFV or viral RNA at the end of the experiment (36 or 70 d.p.i.), it may be concluded that these animals do not represent a potential CSFV reservoir.  相似文献   

A common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity     

Herbert A  Gerry NP  McQueen MB  Heid IM  Pfeufer A  Illig T  Wichmann HE  Meitinger T  Hunter D  Hu FB  Colditz G  Hinney A  Hebebrand J  Koberwitz K  Zhu X  Cooper R  Ardlie K  Lyon H  Hirschhorn JN  Laird NM  Lenburg ME  Lange C  Christman MF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5771):279-283

Obesity is a heritable trait and a risk factor for many common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. We used a dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity. We have replicated the finding in four separate samples composed of individuals of Western European ancestry, African Americans, and children. The obesity-predisposing genotype is present in 10% of individuals. Our study suggests that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.  相似文献   

Greenhouse gas emissions of two mechanised wood harvesting methods in comparison with the use of draft horses for logging     

A. -M. Engel  J. Wegener  M. Lange 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(4):1139-1149

In this investigation, three different methods for the harvesting of spruce under otherwise identical conditions were analysed with respect to their greenhouse gas emissions per unit of output: a partially mechanised method using motor saws and draft horses, a more highly mechanised method using motor saws and a forestry tractor and a fully mechanised method with a harvester and forwarder. All the sub-steps from the harvesting of the fallen trees to the transportation to the road were included in the investigated greenhouse gas audit, which followed the rules of a streamlined life cycle assessment. The lowest greenhouse gas emissions were produced by the partially mechanised method (305.7?kg?CO₂e?ha^?1), followed by the more highly mechanised method (510.5?kg?CO₂e?ha^?1) and by the fully mechanised method (554.3?kg?CO₂e?ha^?1). The greatest proportion of the greenhouse gas audit within each method was taken up by the fuel, lubricant and hydraulic oil utilisation. In the horse audit, transportation to and from the site of operation caused the greatest effect (60%). With these results, it could be confirmed that horses when used for logging could be assessed as being more positive with respect to their climate friendliness than large-scale machines despite their lower harvesting capacity per hectare of spruce. However, as this study did not take all environmental impacts into consideration, this relatively better environmental audit for draft horses could be changed when other environmental impacts (e.g. land use) are also included. This possibility should be investigated in further investigations.  相似文献   

Substrate-controlled succession of marine bacterioplankton populations induced by a phytoplankton bloom     

Teeling H  Fuchs BM  Becher D  Klockow C  Gardebrecht A  Bennke CM  Kassabgy M  Huang S  Mann AJ  Waldmann J  Weber M  Klindworth A  Otto A  Lange J  Bernhardt J  Reinsch C  Hecker M  Peplies J  Bockelmann FD  Callies U  Gerdts G  Wichels A  Wiltshire KH  Glöckner FO  Schweder T  Amann R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6081):608-611

Phytoplankton blooms characterize temperate ocean margin zones in spring. We investigated the bacterioplankton response to a diatom bloom in the North Sea and observed a dynamic succession of populations at genus-level resolution. Taxonomically distinct expressions of carbohydrate-active enzymes (transporters; in particular, TonB-dependent transporters) and phosphate acquisition strategies were found, indicating that distinct populations of Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria are specialized for successive decomposition of algal-derived organic matter. Our results suggest that algal substrate availability provided a series of ecological niches in which specialized populations could bloom. This reveals how planktonic species, despite their seemingly homogeneous habitat, can evade extinction by direct competition.  相似文献   

Characterization of C-strain "Riems" TAV-epitope escape variants obtained through selective antibody pressure in cell culture     

Leifer I  Blome S  Blohm U  König P  Küster H  Lange B  Beer M 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):33

ABSTRACT: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) C-strain "Riems" escape variants generated under selective antibody pressure with monoclonal antibodies and a peptide-specific antiserum in cell culture were investigated. Candidates with up to three amino acid exchanges in the immunodominant and highly conserved linear TAV-epitope of the E2-glycoprotein, and additional mutations in the envelope proteins ERNS and E1, were characterized both in vitro and in vivo.It was further demonstrated, that intramuscular immunization of weaner pigs with variants selected after a series of passages elicited full protection against lethal CSFV challenge infection. These novel CSFV C-strain variants with exchanges in the TAV-epitope present potential marker vaccine candidates. The DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) principle was tested for those variants using commercially available E2 antibody detection ELISA. Moreover, direct virus differentiation is possible using a real-time RT-PCR system specific for the new C-strain virus escape variants or using differential immunofluorescence staining.  相似文献   

Isolation and Culture of Ovine and Bubaline Small and Large Pre-antral Follicles: Effect of Cyclicity and Presence of a Dominant Follicle     

S Nandi  V Girish Kumar  HS Ramesh  BM Manjunatha  PSP Gupta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(1):74-79

Studies were conducted to examine the effects of the cyclicity and the presence of a dominant follicle (DF) in ovary on the recovery and in vitro growth of pre-antral follicles (PFs) in sheep and buffalo. Small pre-antral follicles (SPFs, 100–250 μm) and large pre-antral follicles (LPFs, 250–450 μm) were isolated from slaughterhouse ovaries in the breeding seasons by a mechanical and enzymatic method. The sheep and buffalo PFs were cultured in vitro for 6 and 15 days, respectively, and examined for their growth, survival and antrum formation rates and growth rates of oocytes in cultured pre-antral follicles. The follicles of the sheep and buffalo were recovered and cultured simultaneously within replicates. The recovery rates (number per ovary) of both SPFs and LPFs were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cyclic ewes (SPFs: 22.0 ± 3.3 vs 12.1 ± 2.6 and LPFs: 16.0 ± 3.6 vs 9.2 ± 1.8) and buffaloes (SPFs: 9.2 ± 1.3 vs 4.1 ± 1.0 and LPFs: 10.3 ± 2.7 vs 5.4 ± 0.7) compared with those recovered from acyclic ones. Presence of a DF in ovary significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the recovery rates of LPFs in ewes (9.06 ± 2.7 vs 16.4 ± 3.8) but had no effect in buffalo. Cyclicity of animals or follicular dominance had no effects on in vitro growth, survival and antrum formation rates and growth rates of oocytes in cultured PFs of SPFs and LPFs in both sheep and buffalo. The in vitro growth, survival and antrum formation rates of LPFs and growth rates of oocytes in cultured LPFs were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those observed in SPFs in both sheep and buffalo. The overall recovery and growth rates of the PFs were lower in buffaloes compared with ewes.  相似文献   

Water repellency and pore clogging at early successional stages of microbiotic crusts on inland dunes,Brandenburg, NE Germany   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Thomas Fischer  Maik Veste  Wolfgang Wiehe  Philipp Lange 《CATENA》2010

Biological soil crusts play a key role for hydrological processes in many open landscapes. They seal the topsoil and generate surface run-off. Utilization of the mineral substrate at early stages of microbiotic crusts was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water repellency indices were measured using the ethanol/water microinfiltrometer method, and steady state water flow was determined on the dry crusts and after 300, 600, 1200 and 1800 s of wetting, thus allowing to follow pore clogging through swelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). It was found that water repellency increases with initial crust development where filamentous cyanobacteria and filamentous green algae were dominating, but decreases as coccal algae, bryophytes and fungi associated with bryophytes emerged. Swelling of EPS took place immediately after wetting, and its influence on steady state water flow was most pronounced when filamentous cyanobacteria and algae partially filled in the matrix pores and enmeshed sand grains, still leaving micropore channels available for free water infiltration, but prior to appearance of coccal algae, bryophytes and associated fungi which formed a dense cover on the surface. It was concluded that a new phase of crust succession was accompanied by easier wettability but slower infiltration. Transition from hydrophobicity to pore clogging as ruling mechanisms causing water run-off may occur during wetting of individual biological crusts, but also during crust succession over time.  相似文献   

Autochthonous canine babesiosis in The Netherlands     

Matjila TP  Nijhof AM  Taoufik A  Houwers D  Teske E  Penzhorn BL  de Lange T  Jongejan F 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,131(1-2):23-29

Outbreaks of autochthonous babesiosis, caused by Babesia canis, occurred in The Netherlands in the spring and autumn of 2004 affecting 23 dogs. Nineteen animals recovered after treatment, whereas four dogs died. Adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from these dogs indicate that canine babesiosis could become endemic in The Netherlands.  相似文献