Immunostimulatory effects of N‐Oxide–Quaternary alkaloid fraction of a marine Chlorophycean macroalga in the striped murrel,Channa striata (Bloch)          下载免费PDF全文

Ramalakshmi Balasubramanian  R Dinakaran Michael 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(2):591-604

N‐Oxide–Quaternary Alkaloid Fraction (NOQAF) of a Chlorophycean macroalga, Caulerpa scalpelliformis (R.Br.) C. Ag f. denticulata (Deaisne) Weber van Bosse (Patent filed) was intraperitoneally administered at different doses (0, 2, 20 or 200 mg kg^?1 body weight) in different groups of Channa striata to assess its effect on the non‐specific immune responses and disease resistance against live virulent Aeromonas hydrophila. A reference positive control [MacroGard (Biotec Pharmacon ASA, Norway) 20 mg kg^?1 body weight] was simultaneously maintained to compare its efficacy. The fraction (NOQAF) has been found to enhance the serum lysozyme, peroxidase, antiprotease and alternate complement activities and the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production and peroxidase activity by the peripheral blood leucocytes than the control group during the study period. On experimental challenge with live virulent A. hydrophila, maximum RPS values of 88.8 and 87.4 were noted in the groups treated with single dose of 20 mg kg^?1 and double dose of 2 mg kg^?1 of NOQAF respectively. In conclusion, the intraperitoneal administration of the N‐Oxide–Quaternary Alkaloid Fraction (NOQAF) of C. scalpelliformis has been found to significantly enhance the non‐specific immune responses and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in Channa striata.  相似文献   

Seaweed-Derived Polysaccharides Attenuate Heat Stress-Induced Splenic Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response via Regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways     

Wen-Chao Liu  Di-Pai Zhuang  Yue Zhao  Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian  Zhi-Hui Zhao 《Marine drugs》2022,20(6)

With global warming, heat stress (HS) has become a worldwide concern in both humans and animals. The ameliorative effect of seaweed (Enteromorpha prolifera) derived polysaccharides (SDP) on HS-induced oxidative stress and the inflammatory response of an immune organ (spleen) was evaluated using an animal model (Gallus gallus domesticus). In total, 144 animals were used in this 4-week trial and randomly assigned to the following three groups: thermoneutral zone, HS, and HS group supplemented with 1000 mg/kg SDP. Dietary SDP improved the antioxidant capacity and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) of the spleen when exposed to HS, regulated via enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling. Furthermore, the inclusion of SDP reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviated HS-induced splenic inflammatory response by suppressing the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 signaling. These findings suggest that the SDP from E. prolifera can be used as a functional food and/or feed supplement to attenuate HS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses of the immune organs. Moreover, the results could contribute to the development of high-value marine products from seaweed for potential use in humans and animals, owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.  相似文献   

Quantitative sequencing of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at single-base resolution     

Booth MJ  Branco MR  Ficz G  Oxley D  Krueger F  Reik W  Balasubramanian S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6083):934-937

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Phenolics and antioxidative activities in narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.)     

Oomah BD  Tiger N  Olson M  Balasubramanian P 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):91-97

Eight lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) genotypes grown at four locations in south central Alberta in 2004 were evaluated for variability in phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity measured by a photochemiluminescence assay. Genotype was the main source of variation for content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compounds in genotypes varied minimally from 11.9 to 14.7 mg catechin equivalent and 4.15 to 4.95 mg rutin equivalent g(-1) lupin for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Lupin genotypes exhibited weak antioxidant activity based on water-soluble substances (ACW) of 0.54 to 1.07 micromole Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC)/g with lag time ranging from 70 to 153 s and an antioxidant index of 6.7 to 14.5 and 1.9 to 3.3 micromole TEAC/g based on measurements of lipid-soluble substances (ACL). Antioxidant activity of lupin genotypes was not related to phenolic contents of seeds.  相似文献   

Effect of histone acetylation modification with sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on cell cycle, apoptosis, ploidy and gene expression in porcine fetal fibroblasts     

Mohana Kumar B  Song HJ  Cho SK  Balasubramanian S  Choe SY  Rho GJ 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):903-913

The present study evaluated the effective dose of sodium butyrate (NaB), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, for determination of the level of enhancement of histone acetylation in porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) based on their morphology, growth, apoptosis and cell cycle status. Cells were analyzed for their histone acetylation levels at H3, H4 and H2A and expression of genes related to histone deacetylation (HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3), pro-apoptosis (Bax and Bak) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2). PFFs at passage 3-4 were cultured with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mM NaB for 96 h. NaB inhibited cell proliferation at all tested concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. However, there was slow cell growth for PFFs treated with 2.0 and 3.0 mM NaB compared with those of untreated PFFs and those treated with other lower concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 mM). More than 85% of the cells that were untreated or treated with 0.5 or 1.0 mM NaB had intact membranes, whereas, approximately 30% of the cells treated with 2.0 or 3.0 mM NaB had increased cell sizes and a more flattened and elongated appearance. NaB induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner; the rates of apoptosis were 2.5 +/- 0.4% for 1.0 mM NaB, 7.6 +/- 1.1% for 2.0 mM NaB and 11.2 +/- 1.4% for 3.0 mM NaB. The chromosomal sets of PFFs treated with 0.5 and 1.0 mM NaB were normal, whereas a lower proportion of PFFs treated with 2.0 and 3.0 mM were classified as normal. NaB at 0.5 and 1.0 mM showed little effect on cell cycle. However, 2.0 and 3.0 mM resulted in an increased cell population at the G(0)/G(1) phase. Increased NaB concentrations led to elevated acetylation of H3, H4 and H2A. NaB altered the expression of histone deacetylation and apoptosis-related genes. In conclusion, 1.0 mM NaB induced histone hyperacetylation in the PFFs and produced less deleterious effects than other concentrations; these PFFs might serve as suitable donors for porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).  相似文献   

Chemical and Statistical Analysis of Precipitation in Singapore   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Balasubramanian  T. Victor  N. Chun 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):451-456

The results of chemical analyses of precipitation samples collected in Singapore between August 1997 and July 1998 are presented. Major inorganic and organic ions were determined in 169 rain samples collected using an automated wet-only sampler. The daily sample pH values ranged from 3.49 to 6.54 with a volume-weighted mean of 4.50, and about 88% of the samples had pH values less than 5.0 Nss-SO₄ ^2? accounted for about 53 % of the sum of anions in rain, whereas chloride, nitrate, formate, and acetate accounted for the remainder. Rain chemistry data were analyzed using principal component analysis to find possible sources of the measured chemical species. Three components that accounted for 83.5% of the total variance were extracted: sea-spray (Na⁺, Cl^? and and Mg²⁺) and soil particles (Ca²⁺ and K⁺), acid factor (nss-SO₄ ^2?, NO₃ ^?, NH₄ ⁺, and H⁺), and biomass burning (HCOO^? and CH₃COOO^?).  相似文献   

Effect of dietary protein level on fattening and mineral profiles of mud crab,Scylla serrata,in individual cages under mangrove ecosystem     

Jagabattulla Syama Dayal  Changaramkumarath Paran Balasubramanian  Kondusamy Ambasankar  Rajabdeen Jannathulla  Eugine Amala Claret 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):1993-2003

A fattening demonstration was carried out in Sorlagondi (15.8640⁰N, 80.9671⁰E) mangrove ecosystem in Diviseema region, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India, by adapting a holistic approach of “Integrated Mangrove Fishery Farming System.” The local Yanadi tribal communities engaged in mangrove afforestation programmes were provided with 144 individual crab fattening cages (60 × 40 × 30 cm). Two formulated feeds were prepared with two levels of protein (32% and 36%) and were tested on fattening of the marketable size (200–1,000 g) of mud crabs, Scylla serrata. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain, feed and protein efficiency measures were observed in crabs fed with CP‐36% diet across all size groups. This diet also reduced the time (days) taken for fattening crabs irrespective of the size. Moisture content was very high in soft crabs (>800 g/kg) compared with hard crabs (679.70–688.65 g/kg), whereas the reverse trend was observed for protein, ether extract and ash content. Both diet and size of the crab have not shown much influence on proximate composition. However, cultured hard crabs had higher ether extract (20.10 g/kg) than wild hard crabs (17.06 g/kg). The changes in concentration of mineral values on wet basis indicated the increase in concentration in hard crabs compared with soft crabs, whereas when the percentage change, values on dry matter basis indicated the reduction in concentration of mineral contents of K, Na, P, Cu, Fe and Zn. This higher concentration of minerals in soft crabs could possibly be attributed to the reabsorption of minerals into soft muscle or to the body fluids.  相似文献   

Toxic and Sublethal Effects of Ammonium Chloride on a Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus     

E. Felista Rani  M. Elumalai  M. P. Balasubramanian 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1998,104(1-2):1-8

The effects of ammonium chloride on survival and feeding energetics of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus were studied. At a concentration of 600 mg L^-1 ammonium chloride, 100% mortality was observed within 24 h; no mortality occurred at 400 mg L^-1 within 96 h; Concentration of 450 mg L^-1 ammonium chloride was found as median lethal concentration at 96 h exposure. Rearing the fish in increasing sublethal concentrations of ammonium chloride, it was found that the feeding rate decreased from 20.309 ± 0.506 mg g live fish^-1 day^-1 (mg g^-1 d^-1 (control) to 11.594 ± 0.479 mg g^-1 d^-1 at the highest sublethal concentration (100 mg L^-1. Growth rate was drastically reduced.  相似文献   

Effects of oral administration of antioxidant taurine on haematological parameters in Wistar rats     

Anand P  Rajakumar D  Felix AJ  Balasubramanian T 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2010,13(16):785-793

The present study evaluates the effects of oral administration of taurine on haematological parameters in normal wistar rats. Tissue oxidative stress is implicated in pathogenesis of various clinical disorders and antioxidant taurine is emerging as prophylactic and therapeutic agent. However, studies on effects of taurine on normal physiology are not reported in literature. Normal saline (Group I) or 5% taurine in normal saline was administered in dose of 50 mg (Group II), 250 mg (Group III) or 500 mg kg(-1) of b.wt. (Group IV) through intragastric intubation for 60 days. The blood cell counts, haemoglobin content, packed cell volume, blood indices, bleeding time and clotting time were estimated using routine laboratory haematological techniques. Neutrophil's phagocytic activity was determined by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test; serum lysozyme activity was estimated colorimetrically by the degree to lyse bacterial cell suspension and serum taurine levels were estimated by HPLC fluorimetric technique. Platelet count showed a decrease in Group III and IV when compared with Group I and II (p<0.001). Mean corpuscular haemoglobin of Group III and IV are significantly lowered when compared to Group I (p<0.001). A statistically significant decrease was observed in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration between Group 1 and Group IV (p<0.001). The neutrophil percentage of Group II, Group III and Group IV showed a significant increase over Group I (p<0.001). The percentage of lymphocytes showed a significant decrease in Group II, III and Group IV when compared to Group I (p<0.001). Neutrophil's phagocytic activity is significantly lowered in Group III and IV when compared to Group I (p<0.001). The serum lysozyme activity of Group III and IV showed a significant increase over Group I (at p<0.001). From the present study it may be concluded that long term oral administration of taurine affects normal haematological functions.  相似文献   

Protection against direct in-contact challenge following foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in sheep and goats: the effect on virus excretion and carrier status     

Muthukrishnan Madhanmohan  Singanallur Balasubramanian Nagendrakumar  Villuppanoor Alwar Srinivasan 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(3):285-299

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