Role of carrier-based biofertilizer in reclamation of saline soil and wheat growth     

Tamoor Ul Hassan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1719-1731

Two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Pseudomonas moraviensis and Bacillus cereus, were used as bioinoculants on wheat, applied alone and in combination. Ground maize straw and sugarcane husk were used as carriers. Experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2010 and 2011) under axenic conditions in the greenhouse of Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. Sodium chloride (NaCl) (150 mM) was applied with irrigated water after 7 and 14 days of seed germination. Measurements made 40 days after sowing (DAS) revealed that P. moraviensis and B. cereus have better survival efficiency (as evidenced by higher colony forming units (CFUs)) in the carriers. The substantial increase in CFU of both PGPR was also observed in the soil at 57 DAS. Coinoculation of PGPR with both the carrier materials significantly decreased electrical conductivity (EC) and Na⁺ content of soil over control. The N, P, K⁺, Ca⁺, and Mg⁺ contents were 30–40% higher in soil, and 30–45% higher in leaves. Coinoculation of PGPR with carriers significantly increased chlorophyll, protein, sugar, phytohormone contents, and antioxidant activities of leaves. The application of biofertilizers improved the yield of wheat by 15–25% over control. It is inferred that the carriers assisted PGPR for long-time survival, and the formulation was applicable in promoting crop production under salt stress.  相似文献   

Phosphorus leaching from clay soils can be counteracted by structure liming     

Barbro Ulén  Ararso Etana 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(5):425-433

Two field experiments with drained plots on clay soils (60% and 25% clay) demonstrated a significant reduction in leaching of total phosphorus after application of structure lime. Aggregate stability was significantly improved. Phosphorus leaching in particulate form was significantly reduced following structure liming at the site with a very high clay content. Sites representing low (50 mg kg^?1) and high (140 mg kg^?1) levels of phosphorus extractable with acid ammonium lactate in topsoil displayed differing effects on leaching of dissolved reactive P (DRP). This form of phosphorus was only significantly reduced compared with the control at one site with high topsoil phosphorus status and relatively high (17–18%) degree of phosphorus saturation in the subsoil. Laboratory experiments with simulated rain events applied to topsoil lysimeters from the same site also demonstrated a significant reduction in leaching of DRP. These findings indicate that structure liming is an appropriate leaching mitigation measure on soils with both a high clay content and high soil phosphorus status.  相似文献   

Agricultural soil acidity and phosphorus leaching risk at farm level in two focus areas     

Barbro Ulén  Stefan Pietrzak  Beatrice Ramnerö  Line Strand 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(4):359-368

Poland has the largest agricultural area within the Baltic Sea drainage basin and reducing the risk of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) leaching from Polish soils to water is therefore essential. Increased acidity is known to reduce soil fertility and may trigger P leaching from non-calcareous soils. As part of advisor training, 25 farms each in Pomerania and north-western Mazovia were visited and 1500?ha arable soil, including 180?ha grassland soil, were monitored in 2013–2014. The soil was mainly coarse textured, but 25% of the Pomeranian farms were dominated by silty or clayey soils. More or less regular drainage systems were found on 20% of the farms, while 50% had simpler, older (>30 years) systems with a few single pipes. The farmers often used only ammonium sulphate or other acidifying N mineral fertiliser. Median pH on the Pomeranian farms, analysed in potassium chloride solution [pH_(KCl)], was 5.2 and liming was advised for fields on most (72%) of these farms. Soil P content, measured by double-lactate extraction (P_DL), was positively and significantly correlated (Pearson coefficient 0.57; p?DL (P given in elemental form) tended to be lower on dairy farms and arable farms and was significantly lower (mean 51?mg?P_DL?kg^?1 soil) on mixed farms (with just a few cows and poultry) than on pig farms (mean 122?mg?P_DL?kg^?1 soil). Farm-gate balances indicated deficits of P and potassium (K) on many of the small mixed farms in Pomerania and the soil can be expected to be nutrient depleted. In contrast, the pig farms demonstrated surplus farm-gate P balances (mean 27?kg?ha^?1). The P leaching risk is discussed relative to soil threshold values and to results from Swedish long-term field experiments.  相似文献   

Cytologic and immunohistochemical characterization of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the brain of a dog     

Choi US  Philippe L  Alleman AR  Kim MS  Lee KC 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2012,41(1):153-157

A 6-year-old intact female Pointer dog was presented for evaluation of acute onset of ataxia, circling, and head tilt. Neurologic assessment revealed overall decreased postural reaction, left-sided hemiparesis with incoordination, rigidity of fore- and hindlimbs, strabismus of the right eye, and bilateral horizontal nystagmus. Using magnetic resonance imaging, a mass lesion was identified in the cerebrum adjacent to the left side of the cerebellum compressing the brain stem ventrally. The mass was incompletely resected, and during surgery fine-needle aspiration and biopsy of the mass were performed. Cytologically, smears were highly cellular and contained predominantly small to medium-sized discrete round cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and round nuclei with rare deep clefts or indentation, smooth chromatin, and indistinct nucleoli. Numerous cytoplasmic fragments were noted in the background. The primary diagnosis was lymphoma; other differential diagnoses included neuroendocrine tumor and poorly differentiated tumor of neural origin. The histologic diagnosis was lymphoma, and the lesion was presumed to be metastatic. On immunohistochemical analysis, the cells expressed neither CD3 nor CD79a. Re-examination of the histologic section revealed disorganized sheets of cells with multifocal palisading and perivascular arrangements of rosette-like structures. An expanded panel of antibodies to vimentin, cytokeratin, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin (SYN), S-100, and CD45 was applied to histologic sections. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin, NSE, and S-100. Based on the histologic appearance and immunophenotype of the tumor, a diagnosis of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) was made. PNET, although rare in dogs, should be considered as a differential diagnosis for round cell tumors in the brain.  相似文献   

Lessons for research,capacity development and policy in agroforestry for development     

D. Callo-Concha  M. Denich  M. M. Ul Hassan  F. Place  D. A. Wardell 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(5):795-798

Since its foundation in the 1970’s, agroforestry science has evolved from setting its concepts, research approaches and flagship technologies towards its increasing contribution to ecologically sound land use, food security and income generation in the global North and South. The Third World Congress on Agroforestry held in Delhi in April 2014 continued contributed to this evolution by focusing, beyond the scientific realm, on the implementation of findings by convening ad-hoc stakeholders and subjects. Accordingly, some of the congress sessions dealt with key aspects of how agroforestry can foster and contribute to development. The special issue “Lessons for research, capacity development and policy in agroforestry for development” compiles approaches, experiences and overall lessons from (i) research, (ii) capacity development, and (iii) policy-making, capable to promote and generate developmental change through agroforestry. This introductory paper outlines the rationale for the three areas and the contributing articles.  相似文献   

Cytologic and immunohistochemical characterization of a lung carcinoid in a dog     

Choi US  Alleman AR  Choi JH  Kim HW  Youn HJ  Lee CW 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2008,37(2):249-252

An 11-year-old neutered male Yorkshire Terrier was presented to the Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital with a history of unresponsive tracheal collapse and an incidental finding of a lung nodule in the left caudal lung lobe on radiography. Thorough physical examination and imaging studies revealed no other masses. Cytologic examination of C-arm mobile fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspirates revealed numerous free nuclei and a low number of small round cells with moderate to abundant pale basophilic cytoplasm. Some cells contained indistinct basophilic granules in their cytoplasm, and extracellular pink material was noted. A caudal lung lobectomy was performed, and histologic evaluation of the mass revealed round to polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and round nuclei with mild anisokaryosis and 0-3 mitotic figures per high-power field. Cells were arranged in packets separated by fine fibrovascular stroma, suggestive of a pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasm, specifically a carcinoma/carcinoid. The cells were immunoreactive for chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase, and negative for cytokeratin, synaptophysin, calcitonin, thyroglobulin, parathyroid hormone, CD79a, light lambda, and vimentin. With these findings the tumor was diagnosed as a primary lung carcinoid. Eleven months after resection, there was no evidence of tumor regrowth or metastasis. The absence of necrosis, few mitotic figures, minimal pleomorphism, and benign behavior of this tumor resembled those of a typical carcinoid in humans.  相似文献   

Kinetic Parameters of Changes in Sensory Characteristics of Minimally Processed Rambutan     

Gladys González González  Rosa Ma. Salinas Hernández  Andrea Marcela Piagentini  Fidel Ulín Montejo  Edith Miranda Cruz  María Élida Pirovani 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(2):159-170

The aim of this work was to develop kinetic models to describe the sensory changes of minimally processed rambutan. Quality was assessed by a trained panel. The attributes that most decreased were freshness, aroma, and appearance (17–38%), and the defects that were more increased were off-odors and off-flavors (28–67%). Although whole fruit is sensitive to chilling injury, minimally processed rambutan is preserved better at 4.6 °C. Color, sweetness, and off-odor changes were adjusted to first-order kinetic and the other characteristics to zero order. Sourness, aroma, and color have higher activation energies (235–297.4 KJ mol^–1), and these characteristics would change faster if failure in the cold chain occurs.  相似文献   

Successful treatment of an unusually large corneal epithelial inclusion cyst using equine amniotic membrane in a dog     

Ul Soo Choi  Philippe Labelle  Sehoon Kim  Jury Kim  Jaegwan Cha  Ki Chang Lee  Hae‐Beom Lee  Nam‐Soo Kim  Min‐Su Kim 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(2):122-125

A 10‐year‐old intact male Yorkshire Terrier was referred for investigation of a large raised and nonpainful corneal lesion oculus dexter. Clinical examination revealed a pale, translucent corneal mass, which occupied half of the corneal surface and measured 11 mm × 11 mm × 13 mm. The mass was removed by superficial keratectomy and equine amniotic membrane (AM) was transplanted into the large corneal defect to cover the wound and provide tectonic support for the remaining cornea. The mass was histologically confirmed as a corneal epithelial inclusion cyst. There was no evidence of recurrence or complication at the surgical site 100 days postoperatively. Corneal epithelial inclusion cysts are uncommon in dogs. Although superficial keratectomy is the recommended treatment for corneal inclusion cyst, the combination of superficial keratectomy and AM transplantation had to be considered as an alternative for repair of large corneal defects. This is the first case report of the combined application of AM and superficial keratectomy to successfully treat a corneal inclusion cyst in a dog.  相似文献   

Donors of diploid gametes in apple breeding at the polyploid level     

E. N. Sedov  G. A. Sedysheva  E. V. Ul’yanovskaya  Z. M. Serova 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2009,35(3):156-159

An agrobiological and cytoembryological assessment of eight apple tetraploid varieties and a number of tetraploid seedlings, the donors of diploid gametes, is given. A high breeding value of seedlings from hybridization at the polyploid level is noted. A brief economic and biological characterization of 13 new apple varieties of different ploidy obtained from intervalent crosses is given.  相似文献   

Stem rust infection of soft wheat cultivars with separate and combined irradiation of community components     

A. S. Filipas  N. N. Loi  L. N. Ul’yanenko  N. S. Stepanchikova 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2008,34(6):383-385

The development of stem rust in wheat varieties differing in resistance to infection under conditions of separate and combined irradiation of plants and pathogen in a wide range of doses is studied. The factors determining plant infection—time from inoculating the plants until irradiation, irradiation dose, air temperature, and genetically determined resistance of the plant to phytopathogenic infection—are established.  相似文献