Comparison of a gas detection tubes test with the traditional alkaline trap method to evaluate compost stability     

Marta Benito  Alberto Masaguer  Ana Moliner  Craig G. Cogger  Andy I. Bary 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(6):447-450

Compost stability is an important parameter of compost quality. Among tests proposed to evaluate compost stability, microbial respiration is one of the better accepted tests. Variations in rates of CO₂ evolution during composting were studied in two pilot pruning waste piles using a windrow composting system. To measure the CO₂ production rate, two methods were compared: the alkaline trap test and gas detection tubes. Both respiration tests indicated increasing compost stability with processing time, but CO₂ evolution rates from the alkaline trap method were higher than values from the gas detection tube method. A first-order kinetic equation was used to describe CO₂ evolution over time. A linear relationship (r=0.81, p<0.01) was found between the two methods. Although both methods could distinguish unstable compost from stable compost, CO₂ detection tubes were easier to use and gave results in a shorter period of time.  相似文献   

Methionine-containing proteins in twoPhaseolus vulgaris cultivars with different methionine bioavailabilities     

Aswathi A. George  Benito O. de Lumen  John R. Whitaker  Valdemiro C. Sgarbieri 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,43(3):225-232

The full utilization of legumes as human food is limited by a deficiency of sulfur amino acids, low protein digestibility, low methionine bioavailability and the presence of anti-nutritional factors. A new cultivar ofPhaseolus vulgaris (Carioca 80) has 56.8% available methionine, compared with 29.3% availability in the parent cultivar Carioca. The total methionine content, denaturing gel electrophoretic patterns of methionine-containing proteins, and the percentage of phaseolins (the major storage proteins in Phaseolus) relative to the total protein are similar in the two cultivars. Although the digestibility of the two cultivars is similar, the increased biological value of Carioca 80 may indicate that there are differences in overall bean composition that affect protein hydrolysis and utilization. We suggest the tentative explanation that this is due to differences in the distribution of methionine in the methionine-containing proteins of the two cultivars.  相似文献   

The chromosomal location of the embryo plus scutellum alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in the hexaploid wheat kernel     

J. Salinas  M. Pérez de la Vega  C. Benito 《Euphytica》1981,30(3):729-734

Summary Analysis of individual parts of Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum var. durum kernels showed two classes of alcohol dehydrogenase patterns: 1) A three banded pattern (ADH-1, ADH-2 and ADH-3) for endosperm (Ed) and 2) a seven banded pattern (ADH-F1, ADH-F2, ADH-1, ADH-2, ADH-3, ADH-S1 and ADH-S2) for embryo (E), scutellum (S) and embryo plus scutellum (E+S). The use of nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic series of Chinese Spring wheat allows alcohol dehydrogenase to be associated with arms 4A, 4BL and 4DS.A five subunit forming dimer hypothesis is postulated to explain the newly reported seven isozyme pattern. Subunits , and are coded by chromosome arms 4A, 4BL and 4DS respectively, and the newly postulated and are coded also by chromosome arm 4BL.  相似文献   

Identification of olive (Olea europaea) pulp proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry     

Esteve C  Cañas B  Moreno-Gordaliza E  Del Río C  García MC  Marina ML 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):12093-12101

Proteins in the pulp of olive ( Olea europaea ) constitute a minor fraction. They have been sparsely studied despite their suggested role in oil stability and olive allergenicity. The analysis of a pulp protein extract by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed a major band at 24 kDa that was subjected to tryptic in-gel digestion. Peptide extracts were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and nanoLC-MS/MS. The use of different search engines enabled the assignment of a number of fragmentation spectra to peptide sequences, identifying a major band as a thaumatin-like protein and other low-abundant proteins such a drought-induced protein SDi-6-like, an acyl carrier protein, Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutases, a small heat shock protein, and an ATP-dependent protease subunit. Many of the produced spectra did not give good matches in the database searches, due to the scarce presence of O. europaea entries in protein databases. Nevertheless, a huge number of spectra corresponded to peptides, which showed a high degree of homology with others from sequenced organisms. These results proved that database searching with MS/MS spectra constitutes a promising approach for the characterization of olive pulp proteins.  相似文献   

Genetic definition and sequence analysis of Arabidopsis centromeres     

Copenhaver GP  Nickel K  Kuromori T  Benito MI  Kaul S  Lin X  Bevan M  Murphy G  Harris B  Parnell LD  McCombie WR  Martienssen RA  Marra M  Preuss D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5449):2468-2474

High-precision genetic mapping was used to define the regions that contain centromere functions on each natural chromosome in Arabidopsis thaliana. These regions exhibited dramatic recombinational repression and contained complex DNA surrounding large arrays of 180-base pair repeats. Unexpectedly, the DNA within the centromeres was not merely structural but also encoded several expressed genes. The regions flanking the centromeres were densely populated by repetitive elements yet experienced normal levels of recombination. The genetically defined centromeres were well conserved among Arabidopsis ecotypes but displayed limited sequence homology between different chromosomes, excluding repetitive DNA. This investigation provides a platform for dissecting the role of individual sequences in centromeres in higher eukaryotes.  相似文献   

Urea treated maize straw for small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of Central Mexico     

Anastacio García-Martínez  Benito Albarrán-Portillo  Octavio Alonso Castelán-Ortega  Angélica Espinoza-Ortega  Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1487-1494

Maize straw is the main roughage for dairy herds in campesino farms in central Mexico. The objective was to evaluate feeding milking cows on maize straw treated with 40 g/kg DM of urea (A) or untreated straw (B), and 3.0 kg/d of 18% CP concentrate. Twenty-four Holsteins in late lactation from 8 farmers were sorted in two groups: sequence A-B-A or B-A-B; periods were 28 days. Mean daily milk yield for the last two weeks per period, and live-weight and body-condition score every 14 days were used for analysis. Maize straw was ad libitum. Chemical analysis and in vitro digestibility were analysed by Student’s t test, animal variables by a switch-back design. ‘A’ had 44.3 g/kg DM more CP and 106.5 g/kg DM higher in vitro digestibility than ‘B’ (710 g/kg DM ± 0.75 ‘A’ vs. 603.5 g/kg DM ± 1.44 ‘B’). Despite higher digestibility and intake, there were no differences (P > 0.05) for milk yield, live-weight or body-condition score, although there were in straw intake (P < 0.05). Cows on ‘A’ ate 1.7 kg/cow/day more straw DM than on ‘B’. Lack of response did not offset higher feeding costs although margins were high. Lack of response is attributed to short length of periods and late lactation of cows.  相似文献   

Use of three fodder trees in the feeding of goats in the subhumid tropics in Mexico     

Jaime Olivares Perez  Francisca Aviles Nova  Benito Albarran Portillo  Octavio A Castelan Ortega  Saul Rojas Hernandez 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(3):821-828

Chemical composition, in vitro gas production with and without polyethyleneglycol (PEG-4000 MW), and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) and organic (IVOMD) foliage from Pithecellobium dulce, Gliricidia sepium and Haematoxylum brasiletto were determined. The preference test was run for 15 days: the first 10 days as adaption period and the 5 days served as evaluation period. It was conducted in ten developing female Creole goats of 6 months old, weighing 14?±?2.0 kg in order to determine goat preference for any of the three foliages. Productive performance of 35 male creole kids of 6 months old (14?±?3.0 kg) was also determined by ad libitum feeding of the foliage of the tree: the 30 and 15 % of each of the P. dulce (T1, T2), G. sepium (T3, T4), and H. brasiletto (T5, T6) foliages were added to the experiment diets, while T7 served as control diet that did not contain any foliage. The crude protein (CP), total phenols (TP), condensed tannins (CT), IVDMD, and IVOMD were different among the foliages. The PEG determined the biological activity of the TP and CT of H. brasiletto. Goats preferred to consume the foliage of P. dulce because of its higher content of CP and IVDMD and low content of TP and CT. In the productive response, dry matter intake (DMI) was higher in kids fed T1 diet and was stimulated by higher IVDMD and IVOMD, which resulted in the higher daily weight gain (DWG). The contribution with TP and CT of H. brasiletto to T5 and T6 and the rejection by the animals of G. sepium in T3 and T4 explain the negative effects on the DMI and the DWG. Findings of the study suggested higher kid performance for P. dulce foliage. Possible attributes may include its better CP, low TP and CT, and higher digestibility.  相似文献   

Identification and isolation of methionine-cysteine rich proteins in soybean seed     

Choon-Joo Kho  Benito O. de Lumen 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1988,38(4):287-296

We recently developed a method to identify methionine-containing proteins and quantitate their methionine contents [4]. We applied this method to soybeans and identified relatively methionine-rich proteins (MRP) among the albumins. By acidic methanol extraction of the albumins, we obtained a group of low molecular weight methionine-cysteine rich proteins (MCRP) that analyzed 4.0% methionine and 8.8% cysteine. MCRP made up 1–2% of the total protein in soybeans. Reversed-phase HPLC purification of MCRP yielded a protein peak that exhibited a single major band on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, had a molecular weight of 16kD and contained 6.2% methionine and 18.8% cysteine. We are cloning the gene for this protein. Increasing its level through genetic engineering could increase the methionine-cysteine content of soybeans.  相似文献   

Molasses supplementation for dual-purpose cows during the dry season in subtropical Mexico     

Isela Salvador-Loreto  Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán  Julieta Gertrudis Estrada-Flores  Fernando Vicente-Mainar  Anastacio García-Martínez  Benito Albarrán-Portillo 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(3):643-648

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Evaluation of effect of soil organic matter on pores by 1H time‐domain magnetic resonance relaxometry and adsorption–desorption of N2          下载免费PDF全文

P. Benito  V. Bortolotti  G. Fornasari  M. Vannini 《European Journal of Soil Science》2016,67(3):314-323

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