Complex Shear Wave Velocity Structure Imaged Beneath Africa and Iceland   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ritsema J  van Heijst HJ  Woodhouse JH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5446):1925-1928

A model of three-dimensional shear wave velocity variations in the mantle reveals a tilted low velocity anomaly extending from the core-mantle boundary (CMB) region beneath the southeastern Atlantic Ocean into the upper mantle beneath eastern Africa. This anomaly suggests that Cenozoic flood basalt volcanism in the Afar region and active rifting beneath the East African Rift is linked to an extensive thermal anomaly at the CMB more than 45 degrees away. In contrast, a low velocity anomaly beneath Iceland is confined to the upper mantle.  相似文献   

Identification of lactoferrin and glutamate receptor‐interacting protein 1 in bovine cervical mucus: A putative marker for oestrous detection          下载免费PDF全文

WY Lee  MH Park  KW Kim  H Song  KB Kim  CS Lee  NK Kim  JK Park  BC Yang  KB Oh  GS Im  HJ Chung 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(1):16-23

Accurate detection of oestrus is important for artificial insemination. The aim of this study was to identify oestrous‐specific bovine cervical mucus proteins that could be used to determine the optimal time for artificial insemination. Non‐oestrous and controlled internal drug release (CIDR)‐induced oestrous‐stage mucus proteins were purified and subjected to surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MALDI‐TOF/TOF. Among differentially expressed proteins, lactoferrin (LF) and glutamate receptor‐interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) showed a twofold increase during the CIDR‐induced oestrous stage compared to the levels in non‐oestrous stage in bovine cervical mucus. The RT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that LF and GRIP1 expression was significantly increased during the oestrous stage in the uterus. This study demonstrated that bovine LF and GRIP1 exist during the oestrous stage, but not during the non‐oestrous stage, suggesting that cervical mucus LF and GRIP1 are useful oestrous detection markers in cattle.  相似文献   

Re-examination of the metabolizable energy contents of various rations containing different types and levels of bacterially fermentable substrates in digestibility experiments with growing pigs     

M. Kreuzer  M. Wittmann  M. M. Gerdemann  H. Hanneken  HJ. Abel  A. Machmüller 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》1999,82(1):33-49

Introduction   Feedstuffs with elevated contents of bacterially fermentable substrates (BFS: GFE 1987) offered to pigs have intermediate metabolizable energy (ME) contents compared with feedstuffs mainly composed of starch or hardly fermentable fibre (H adorn et al. 1996a,b). Consequently, BFS-elevated feeds could be used as major components enabling pig fattening rations to obtain the ME values required for feed calculation from tabulated values (DLG 1991) or equations based on nutrient composition (GFE 1996). The main field of application for BFS-elevated feeds is, however, still the feeding of adult, non-lactating sows, with the majority of investigations on fermentation characteristics also being conducted with sows. In fattening pigs a higher accuracy of estimated ME contents is required than in non-lactating sows. Furthermore, the ME values of feeds with elevated BFS contents might be systematically different in sows and fattening pigs because a still incomplete evolution of the fermentative capacity of the hindgut of growing pigs cannot be totally excluded (J entsch et al. 1990). The efficiency of hindgut bacterial protein synthesis might also be different from that being assumed from sow data (e.g. K irchgessner et al. 1989, 1994).
The objective of the present study was to determine the actual ME and BFS contents of rations varying widely in type and level of BFS in three experiments with growing pigs. By comparing these values with those calculated from equations or from tabulated values a re-examination of the currently applied feed evaluation system should be carried out. Furthermore, interactions of BFS with dietary protein reduction were investigated, since in low-protein rations fermentation efficiency might be limited by a lack of nitrogen in the hindgut (M osenthin 1987).  相似文献   

Structural analogues of homoeriodictyol as flavor modifiers. Part III: short chain gingerdione derivatives     

Ley JP  Paetz S  Blings M  Hoffmann-Lücke P  Bertram HJ  Krammer GE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6656-6664

In order to find new flavor modifiers, various short chain gingerdione derivatives were synthesized as structural analogues of the known bitter masker homoeriodictyol and evaluated by a sensory panel for masking and sweetness enhancing activities. 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hexa-3,5-dione ([2]-gingerdione) and the homologue 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-3,5-dione ([3]-gingerdione) at concentration ranges 50-500 mg kg (-1) showed the most promising masking activity of 20-30% against bitterness of a 500 mg kg (-1) aqueous caffeine solution. Additionally, both compounds were able to reduce the bitterness of a 5 mg kg (-1) quinine solution by about 20%; however, the bitter tastes of salicine, the model peptide H-Leu-Trp-OH, and KCl solutions were not reduced. Whereas for bitter masking activity a vanillyl moiety seems to be important, some of the tested isovanillyl isomers showed an interesting sweet enhancing effect without exhibiting a significant intrinsic sweetness. The isomer 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexa-3,5-dione ([2]-isogingerdione) at 100 mg kg (-1) caused a significant and synergistic increase of 27% of sweet taste of a 5% sucrose solution.  相似文献