Comparative study on immunomodulatory and growth enhancing effects of three prebiotics (galactooligosaccharide,fructooligosaccharide and inulin) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)          下载免费PDF全文

Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar  Alireza Ahmadi  Mojtaba Raeisi  Seyyed Morteza Hoseini  Mohsen Khalili  Nasser Behnampour 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3298-3307

This study investigated the effects of different prebiotics, including galactooligosaccharide (GOS), fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and inulin (INL), on skin mucosal immune parameters, humoral immune responses as well as performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Two hundred and forty specimens (13.85 ± 0.85 g) were stocked in 12 fibreglass tanks assigned into three treatments and a control group. The experimental diets were formulated to have equal level (2%) of the prebiotics. At the end of the feeding trial, the highest skin mucus lysozyme activities and total immunoglobulin (total Ig) were observed in GOS‐fed group (P < 0.05). However, skin mucus protease activity showed no significant difference among different dietary groups (P < 0.05). Blood respiratory burst activity was significantly increased in all prebiotic‐fed fish compared to the control group (P < 0.05); the highest activity was observed in GOS treatment. Furthermore, evaluation of humoral immune response revealed that feeding with GOS‐supplemented diet significantly increased lysozyme and alternative complement (ACH50) activity as well as total Ig compared to the control and other prebiotic groups. While no significant difference was observed between FOS and INL groups, common carps fed GOS‐supplemented displayed improved (P < 0.05) growth performance, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the control treatment. These results revealed that different prebiotics modulate carp growth and immune response in different manner, and GOS seems to be the most suitable prebiotic.  相似文献   

The study of antioxidant enzymes and immune‐related genes expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings fed different prebiotics          下载免费PDF全文

Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar  Alireza Ahmadi  Mohsen Khalili  Mojtaba Raeisi  Hien Van Doan  Christopher Marlowe Caipang 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5447-5454

The aim of the present study was to study the effects of different prebiotics (galacto‐, fructooligosaccharide and inulin) on immune response and oxidative stress of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings at the molecular level. A total number of 240 fish (13.85 ± 0.85 g) were supplied and randomly stocked in twelve fiberglass tanks (20 specimens per tank). Fish were fed a basal formulated diet (Control) or basal diet supplemented with equal level (2%) of different prebiotics (four treatments repeated in triplicated) for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, the expression of immune‐related genes (interleukin 1 beta [IL‐1β], IL‐8, IL‐10, lysozyme [LYZ], tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α] and transforming growth factor beta [TGF‐β]) were determined in head kidney and intestine tissues and the expression of antioxidant‐related genes (glutathione S‐transferase [GST‐α], glutathione reductase [GR] and glutathione peroxidase genes [GPX]) were studied in intestine. The results revealed that dietary administration of prebiotics modulated the expression of immune‐related genes and the degree of expression was affected by the type of prebiotics and the organ that was used for analyses. Also, evaluation of antioxidant genes expression showed that GSTα and GR expression levels increased as a result of feeding common carp with the prebiotics. According to these findings, it can be concluded that feeding on different prebiotics had altered effects on the expression of immune and antioxidant‐related genes.  相似文献   

Study of Genetic Diversity of Pear Genotypes and Cultivars (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pyrus communis</Emphasis> L.) Using Inter<Emphasis Type="Italic">-</Emphasis>Simple Sequence Repeat Markers (ISSR)     

Shadan Khorshidi  Gholamhossein Davarynejad  Leila Samiei  Mohammad Moghaddam 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(4):301-308

ISSR molecular marker was used to investigate genetic diversity of ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes of Mashhad Esteghlal orchard and its relationship with other commercial and native cultivars of pear. Among ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes of Mashhad Esteghlal orchard 23 genotypes were selected base on difference in tree vigor, leaf color, shape and color of fruit and also 33 other commercial and native pear cultivars from Esteghlal orchard and other Mashhad commercial orchards were studied. A total number of 230 DNA fragments were obtained using 11 primers of which 225 were polymorphic. On average, each primer produced 20.9 bands. Dice similarity coefficient ranged from 0.27 (between ‘Dom Kaj’ and Asian pear) to 1 (between ‘Dare Gazi’ 1 and 2 genotypes). Sample cluster dendrogram indicated that 56 genotypes were divided into 12 distinct clusters. The dendogram generated on the principle of Unweight Pair Wise Method using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) was constructed by Dice coefficient and the genotypes were grouped into 12 clusters. ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes did not show 100% similarity due to seed propagation or mutation, as ‘Dare Gazi’ 3 and 18 genotypes had the lowest similarity coefficient (0.64). Asian pears were placed in a separate group from European pears. And ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes from different orchards were grouped separately, but all of them are called as ‘Dare Gazi’ pear for convenience. ISSR molecular marker can well identify the genetic variability among genotypes and cultivars and found suitable for grouping them.  相似文献   

Determination of the optimum transfer time of kutum (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rutilus frisii kutum</Emphasis>) larvae from live food to artificial dry feed     

Hossein Ouraji  Khosro Jani Khalili  Ghaffar Ebrahimi  Seyed Ali Jafarpour 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(4):683-691

Kutum Rutilus frisii kutum is known as a valuable commercial species in the southern part of Caspian Sea. Artificial rearing of fry has been introduced as an alternative to supply kutum fry in order to restock the kutum population in the Caspian Sea. The aim of this study was to find the suitable time to transfer kutum larvae from live food to artificial feed. The experiment began on day 3 post- hatching and lasted for 21 days. Mean initial weight of larvae was 4.5 mg. Five experimental groups including Group A (zooplankton alone for 21 days), Group B (12 days zooplankton + 9 days artificial feed), Group C (8 days zooplankton + 13 days artificial feed), Group D (4 days zooplankton + 17 days artificial feed) and Group E (artificial feed alone for 21 days) were considered for this experiment. According to the obtained results, the specific growth rate of kutum larvae varied from 8.01 to 13.58% day⁻¹, and the highest and lowest specific growth rate were found in A and E treatments, respectively. The lowest mean body weight (24.6 mg) was found in larvae fed on artificial feed for 21 days. However, survival rates of kutum larvae fed mixed zooplankton for 8 and 12 days (85.83 and 89.33%, respectively) were comparable with those of larvae fed live food during the entire experiment (91.6%). The lowest survival rate (69.16%) was found in larvae fed artificial feed during the entire experiment.  相似文献   

Influence of seed nitrogen content and biofertilizer priming on wheat germination in salinity stress conditions     

Jabbar Fallahi  Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam  Mahdi Nassiri Mahallati  Mohammad Ali Behdani  Mahsa Aghhavani Shajari  Mohammad Behzad Amiri 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):791-801

In order to study the effects of seed nitrogen content and biofertilizer priming on germination indices of wheat seeds under salinity stress, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted in 2009. Experimental factors consisted of: (1) the application of different nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg ha^?1 N) on parent plants; (2) priming of achieved seeds by biofertilizers (Nitragin, Biophosphorus and distilled water); and (3) different levels of salinity produced by NaCl (0, ?0.4, ?0.8 and ?1.2 MPa). Germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, germination index, radicle and plumule length, radicle and plumule dry weight and radicle number per seedling were measured. Nitrogen application increased seed nitrogen content in parent plants. All germination indices decreased with increasing in salinity levels. Biofertilizer priming, especially Nitragin, had a positive effect on germination percentage, radicle number and radicle and plumule length in most salinity levels. The highest values for germination factors were related to achieved seeds from parent plants that were treated with 110 kg ha^?1 N. Overall, application of middle levels of N fertilizer (55 and 110 kg ha^?1 N) on parent plants combined with seed priming with Nitragin biofertilizer improved the germination indices of wheat under salinity stress.  相似文献   

Application of analytic hierarchy process for the selection of cotton fibers     

Abhijit?MajumdarEmail author  Bijan?Sarkar  Prabal?Kumar?Majumdar 《Fibers and Polymers》2004,5(4):297-302

In many engineering applications, the final decision is based on the evaluation of a number of alternatives in terms of a number of criteria. This problem may become very intricate when the selection criteria are expressed in terms of different units or the pertinent data are difficult to be quantified. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an effective way in dealing with such kind of complicated problems. Cotton fiber is selected or graded, in the spinning industries, based on several quality criteria. However, the existing selection or grading method based on Fiber quality Index (FqI) is rather crude and ambiguous. This paper presents a novel approach of cotton fiber selection using the AHP methodology of Multi Criteria Decision Making.  相似文献   

The impact of in ovo injection of l-arginine on hatchability,immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens     

Somayeh Omidi  Marziyeh Ebrahimi  Hossein Janmohammadi  Gholamali Moghaddam  Zolfaghar Rajabi  Babak Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):178-185

The present article was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. For this reason, 300 fertile eggs were used in a completely randomized design with three experimental treatments. The experimental groups included: 1%–0.5% l -arginine (100 eggs), 2%–1% l -arginine (100 eggs), 3- control [included both sham control (injection of distilled water; 50 eggs) and control (no injection; 50 eggs)], which were injected on d 14 of incubation. After hatching, chicks of each experimental group (0.5% l -arginine, 1% l -arginine, and control groups) were randomly divided into four equal groups (as replicates) and reared for 30 days. Weight and feeding of chickens were recorded. Next, blood samples of chickens were collected on day 30 to evaluate antibody titre. Also, chickens were slaughtered on 24 and 30 days of the experiment to evaluate immune system organs and caecum microflora. Based on the results, in ovo injection of l -arginine had no significant effect on hatchability, body weight, antibody titre, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus weight (p > .05). On the other hand, treatments significantly affected feed intake and feed conversion ratio (p < .05). As a novel finding, in ovo injection of l -arginine increased caecal Lactobacillus (p < .01), while decreasing Coliform and Escherichia Coli bacteria (p < .01). However, treatments did not influence caecal Enterococcus (p > .05). The overall results indicated that in ovo injection of 0.5% l -arginine had a better improving effect on caecal microflora and then considered as a recommended level of the present experiment.  相似文献   

RAP80 targets BRCA1 to specific ubiquitin structures at DNA damage sites     

Sobhian B  Shao G  Lilli DR  Culhane AC  Moreau LA  Xia B  Livingston DM  Greenberg RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5828):1198-1202

Mutations affecting the BRCT domains of the breast cancer-associated tumor suppressor BRCA1 disrupt the recruitment of this protein to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The molecular structures at DSBs recognized by BRCA1 are presently unknown. We report the interaction of the BRCA1 BRCT domain with RAP80, a ubiquitin-binding protein. RAP80 targets a complex containing the BRCA1-BARD1 (BRCA1-associated ring domain protein 1) E3 ligase and the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) BRCC36 to MDC1-gammaH2AX-dependent lysine(6)- and lysine(63)-linked ubiquitin polymers at DSBs. These events are required for cell cycle checkpoint and repair responses to ionizing radiation, implicating ubiquitin chain recognition and turnover in the BRCA1-mediated repair of DSBs.  相似文献   

Serum concentration of sialic acids in naturally occurring ovine babesiosis     

Bijan Esmaeilnejad  Mousa Tavassoli  Siamak Asri-Rezaei  Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh  Seyyed Meysam Abtahi Froushani  Jafar Arjmand  Mostafa Golabi 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1217-1221

This study is designated to assess the effect of the severity of Babesia ovis infection on sialic acid concentration in blood sera in naturally infected sheep. Infected animals (diseased group) comprised 38 Iranian fat-tailed sheep, about 1–3 years old, naturally infected with B. ovis, divided into four subgroups with respect to parasitemia rates (low 0.1–0.3 %, moderate 0.4–0.9 %, high 1–2.5 %, and very high >2.5 %). The parasitological diagnosis was confirmed using PCR analysis. As a control group, ten clinically healthy sheep reared under the same management and environmental conditions were also sampled. Hematological parameters and the concentrations of total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA), and protein-bound sialic acid (PBSA) were measured in both groups. Compared to controls, sialic acid concentrations showed significant increase (p?Parasitemia rate was positively correlated with sialic acid concentrations. This study demonstrated that B. ovis infection induced marked and persistent elevations of serum sialic acid concentrations. It seems that increase of serum sialic acid concentrations during parasitemia alter receptor-ligand interactions, which are known to play important role in immune response. Furthermore, sialic acid would indirectly inhibit the action of leukocytes and consequently promote the evasion of the immune response and persistence of the parasite in the host. This factor could influence the parasite-host cell adhesion, but further detailed biochemical investigations are needed to precisely explain the exact role of sialic acid in invasion process of the parasite to the host cells.  相似文献   

Molecular and Clinical Investigation of Iranian Patients with Friedreich Ataxia     

Mohammad Hossein Salehi  Massoud Houshmand  Omid Aryani  Behnam Kamalidehghan  Elham Khalili 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2014,18(1):28-33

Background: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by guanine-adenine-adenine (GAA) triplet expansions in the FXN gene. Its product, frataxin, which severely reduces in FRDA patients, leads to oxidative damage in mitochondria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the triple nucleotide repeated expansions in Iranian FRDA patients and to elucidate distinguishable FRDA clinical differences in these patients. Methods: A number of 22 Iranian patients (8 females and 14 males) from 16 unrelated families were studied. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of patients. The frequency and length of (GAA)_n repeats in intron 1 of the FXN gene were analyzed using long-range PCR. In this study, the clinical criteria of FRDA in our patients and the variability in their clinical signs were also demonstrated. Results: An inverse relationship was observed between GAA repeat size and the age of onset. Although some distinguishable clinical features (such as limb ataxia and lower limb areflexia) were found in our patients, 90-95% of them had extensor plantar response and dysarthria. The results showed only one positive diabetes patient and also different effects on eye movement abnormality among our patients. Conclusion: The onset age of symptoms showed a significant inverse correlation with allele size in our patients (P>0.05). Based on comparisons of the clinical data of all patients, clinical presentation of FRDA in Iranian patients did not differ significantly from other FRDA patients previously reported. Key Words: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), Frataxin, Mitochondria  相似文献