Molecular detection of Theileria sp. in ticks and naturally infected sheep     

Duh D  Punda-Polić V  Trilar T  Avsic-Zupanc T 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,151(2-4):327-331

Seven healthy sheep and 10 sheep diagnosed with piroplasmosis based on clinical signs were tested for the presence of babesiae and theileriae. Using the molecular techniques, two species of theileriae were detected and characterized. Theileria ovis was present mostly in healthy sheep and in Rhipicephalus ticks collected from infected sheep. Theileria sp. OT3 parasite was detected mostly in ill animals which represent additional evidence to the possible pathogenic nature of Theileria sp. OT3. The presence of babesiae in sheep or in ticks was not determined. The results of this study showed that ovine piroplasmosis due to Theileria is present in Southern Croatia. It was concluded that clinical diagnosis of ovine piroplasmosis should be confirmed by molecular analysis in order to identify the species of piroplasm, to select the appropriate treatment and to exclude the threat for public health.  相似文献   

Sequence analysis of both genome segments of three Croatian infectious bursal disease field viruses     

Lojkić I  Bidin Z  Pokrić B 《Avian diseases》2008,52(3):513-519

In order to determine the mutations responsible for virulence, three Croatian field infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV), designated Cro-Ig/02, Cro-Po/00, and Cro-Pa/98 were characterized. Coding regions of both genomic segments were sequenced, and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with previously reported full-length sequenced IBDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of polyprotein and VP1, was performed. Eight characteristic amino acid residues, that were common to very virulent (vv) IBDV, were detected on polyprotein: 222A, 256I, 294I, 451L, 685N, 715S, 751D, and 1005A. All eight were found in Cro-Ig/02 and Cro-Po/00. C-Pa/98 had all the characteristics of an attenuated strain, except for glutamine on residue 253, which is common for vv, classical virulent, and variant strains. Between less virulent and vvIBDV, three substitutions were found on VP5: 49 G --> R, 79 --> F, and 137 R --> W. In VP1, there were nine characteristic amino acid residues common to vvwIBDV: 146D, 147N, 242E, 390M, 393D, 511S, 562P, 687P, and 695R. All nine residues were found in A-Ig/02, and eight were found in B-Po/00, which had isoleucine on residue 390. Based on our analyses, isolates Cro-Ig/02 and Cro-Po/00 were classified with vv IBDV strains. C-Pa/98 shared all characteristic amino acid residues with attenuated and classical virulence strains, so it was classified with those.  相似文献   

High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia--short communication     

Nikolić A  Dimitrijević S  Katić-Radivojević S  Klun I  Bobrć B  Djurković-Djaković O 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2008,56(3):335-340

To identify areas of risk for canine-related zoonoses in Serbia, the aim of this study was to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in 151 dogs (65 household pets, 75 stray and 11 military working dogs) from Belgrade. The following parasites, with their respective prevalences, were detected: Giardia duodenalis (14.6%), Ancylostomatidae (24.5%), Toxocara canis (30.5%), Trichuris vulpis (47.0%) and Taenia-type helminths (6.6%). Of all examined dogs, 75.5% (114/151) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. Of these, mixed infections with up to four species per dog occurred in 44.7% (51/114). Infections with all detected species were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in military working (100%) and stray dogs (93.3%) versus household pets (50.8%). Among all parasites, agents with zoonotic potential including Giardia, Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara were detected in 58.3% (88/151) of all examined dogs with a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the subgroups (100%, 62.7% and 46.2% for military working dogs, stray dogs and household pets, respectively). The high prevalence of zoonotic parasites registered in the dog population from a highly urban area in south-eastern Europe indicates a potential risk to human health. Thus, veterinarians should play an important role in helping to prevent or minimise zoonotic transmission.  相似文献   

Plasma parathyroid hormone-related peptide and bone metabolism in periparturient dairy cows     

Filipović N  Stojević Z  Zdelar-Tuk M  Kusec V 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2008,56(2):235-244

The first weeks of lactation in dairy cows are characterised by elevated bone resorption. The connection between lactation and bone metabolism is still much discussed. In this work, changes in the concentration of plasma parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and markers of bone metabolism were studied in Holstein cows and heifers in the dry period and early lactation to determine the role of PTHrP in the relationship between the rate of bone remodelling and the onset of lactation in dairy cows. Blood samples were taken 14 days before calving ('D-14', n = 23) and then on day 10 ('D+10', n = 21) and day 30 after calving ('D+30', n = 23). Using enzyme immunoassay (EIA), the concentrations of PTHrP, parathyroid hormone (PTH), carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and oestradiol and the activity of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP) were determined. The results showed a statistically significant increase in plasma PTHrP (p < 0.005) and CTX (p < 0.0001) in cows on 'D+10' as compared to 'D-14' and CTX on 'D+30' as compared to 'D-14' (p < 0.0001). Significant negative correlations were found between the concentrations of PTHrP and oestradiol (r = -0.29, p < 0.05) and those of CTX and oestradiol (r = -0.54, p < 0.0001). In nonpregnant heifers (n = 6), the concentration of CTX and the activity of BSALP were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in dry cows. The observed increments of PTHrP and bone resorption after parturition reveal adaptations of bone metabolism to lactation in dairy cows.  相似文献   

Comparison of mouse and rabbit model for the assessment of strong PGM-containing oil-based adjuvants     

Habjanec L  Halassy B  Vdović V  Balija ML  Tomasić J 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,121(3-4):232-240

Peptidoglycan monomer (PGM) is an adjuvant active molecule with potential for use in human and veterinary vaccine. PGM's action is short-lived in mammals hence its effects might be limited. Novel PGM-containing oil-based formulations have been developed recently by incorporation of PGM into Montanide ISA720 and ISA206 adjuvants with the aim to prolong and improve immunostimulating activities of PGM. In the present work we studied the efficacy of such novel adjuvant formulations using two different antigens, ovalbumin and snake venom, respectively. Novel formulations were also tested in two experimental models, mice and rabbits. In rabbits the incorporation of PGM into oil-based adjuvants led to overall improvement of antigen-specific IgG response. However, in the mouse model, under experimental conditions used, it was not possible to distinguish differences in antigen-specific IgG response among several strong oil-based adjuvant formulations.  相似文献   

N. femoralis, N. obturatorius and N. ischiadicus: deviation in creation in the dogs     

Mihelić D  Mihelić D  Slavica A  Dezdek D  Trbojević-Vukicević T  Dzaja P  Majić-Balić I 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2007,36(6):401-407

Two hundred and twelve dog cadavers belonging to different breeds were examined, to investigate the formation of the femoral, obturator and the sciatic nerve. Besides the commonly described formation patterns of the mentioned nerves, some variations were also found. These variations were not gender-related, but on the other hand we discovered a certain correlation between the variations appearing in the formation of the femoral, obturator and the sciatic nerve. In 74.05% of cases, the femoral nerve was formed from ventral branches of the 4th, 5th and 6th lumbar nerve, and 16.98% of the dogs had the nerve formed from ventral branches of the 3rd, 4th and 5th lumbar nerve. Many dogs (i.e. 2.30%) had the femoral nerve formed from the ventral branches of the 5th, 6th and 7th, the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th or the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th lumbar nerve, respectively. In 1.88% of dogs in particular, the femoral nerve was formed from ventral rami of the 4th and 5th lumbar nerve. In 66.98% of the examined dogs, the obturator nerve was formed from the ventral branches of the 4th, 5th and 6th lumbar nerve, followed by 16.59% of the dogs with the obturator nerve formed from the ventral rami of the 4th and 5th lumbar nerve and 9.43% of dogs in which the nerve was formed from the ventral branches of the 5th and 6th lumbar nerve. In 4.71% of dogs, the obturator nerve was formed from the ventral rami of the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th lumbar nerve, while only 2.30% of the examined dogs had the same nerve formed from the ventral branches of the 5th, 6th and 7th lumbar nerve. The sciatic nerve was formed from ventral branches of the 6th and 7th lumbar nerve and the 1st sacral nerve in 86.79% of the dogs. In 5.18% of cases, the same nerve was formed from a junction of the ventral branches of the 7th lumbar and the 1st and 2nd sacral nerve, and, in the same percentage of cases, it was formed from a junction of ventral branches of the 6th and 7th lumbar nerve and the 1st and 2nd sacral nerve. In 2.83% of the dogs, it was formed from a junction of the ventral branches of the 6th and 7th lumbar and the 1st sacral nerve. The correlation of variations established in the formation of the femoral, obturator and the sciatic nerve was not statistically significant.  相似文献   

Aquatic veterinary medicine     

Merrill PL  Tepper J  Walster CI  Palić D  Miller-Morgan T  Johnston CJ 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(13):452

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Genetic variation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivated in Chile determined by RAPDs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Boris Sagredo  Patricio Hinrichsen  Horacio López  Alberto Cubillos  Carlos Muñoz 《Euphytica》1998,101(2):193-198

RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) technology was applied to analyze the genetic variability of sweet potato germplasm existing in Chile and elsewhere. Analysis of 28 cultivars from all over the world showed polymorphic bands with all 18 primers tested. A total of 124 RAPD bands were scored with an average of 6.9 polymorphic bands per primer. These results confirm that sweet potato exhibits high genetic variation. Two groups were distinguished: one containing Peruvian cultivars, and another containing cultivars from the rest of the world. Analysis of 14 accessions from Central Chile and one from Northern Chile showed polymorphic bands with 24 of 26 primers tested, but almost all of the 140 polymorphic bands merely showed the distinctness of the Northern accession. The almost complete uniformity of the other 14 accessions shows that sweet potato germplasm collected in Central Chile has very little genetic variability and may be derived from a single cultivar. Based on these results and on historical records, some hypotheses are proposed to explain the origin of sweet potatoes cultivated in Chile. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Inheritance and reliability of random amplified polymorphic DNA-markers in two consecutive generations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)     

Noel D Novelo  Boris Gomelsky  & Kirk W Pomper 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(2):220-226

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used in a variety of genetic studies in fisheries and aquaculture. Most population studies are performed without preliminary data demonstrating the Mendelian inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers. In this study, the inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers was examined in two consecutive generations of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Variability and segregation of RAPD markers were investigated in one F₁ progeny and three F₂ progenies. Seventy-four RAPD markers were generated by five primers using DNA extracted from the initial ornamental (koi) common carp female and wild-type colour common carp male. Fifty-five of these RAPD markers were transmitted to the F₁ progeny and the inheritance patterns were analysed. Twenty RAPD markers were fully reproducible and demonstrated dominant simple Mendelian inheritance patterns in two consecutive generations. Twenty-four RAPD markers were not reproducible in all progenies. Thirteen markers displayed inheritance ratios in the progenies that did not fit simple Mendelian inheritance patterns. Non-reproducibility of RAPD markers and distorted ratios may be caused by the absence of amplification, poor amplification or by the appearance of artefact bands. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers with poor reproducibility and non-Mendelian inheritance can lead to misinterpretations of data in population studies, resulting in errors in the estimation of genetic diversity within and between individual populations. Therefore, it is recommended to first identify the set of reproducible RAPD markers that demonstrate Mendelian inheritance before application of the RAPD technique in population studies.  相似文献   

Barnacle culture: background,potential and challenges     

Daniel A. López  Boris A. López  Christopher K. Pham  Eduardo J. Isidro  Mirko De Girolamo 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(10):e367-e375

There are approximately a dozen species of commercially interesting barnacles worldwide, some of which have been cultured on a semi‐industrial scale. These species are listed and information is provided with regard to geographical distribution, landings and prices. Traditionally, ‘goose’ barnacles (four species) are considered to be the most important for consumption. World production already stands at 500 tonnes year^?1, but this species has not been cultured to date. Some ‘acorn’ barnacles are also consumed (seven species), with harvest levels per species that do not exceed 200 tonnes year^?1 and selling prices that can reach US$17/kg. ‘Acorn’ barnacle culture on a world scale is still developing. Nevertheless, production has occurred on a semi‐industrial scale; specifically, spat have been collected from the wild and grown in suspended systems. Farming trials have focused on two species of acorn barnacles: Austromegabalanus psittacus (Molina 1782) ‘picoroco’ in Chile and Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry 1916) ‘craca’ in Portugal. The large‐scale production of these crustaceans will depend on the optimization of spat collection from the wild and/or the parallel development of mass production technologies for larvae (hatcheries). In addition, further development will be achieved by opening up new markets for commercialization.  相似文献