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21.
The evaluation of two methods of plant protection in tomato crops cultivated in greenhouses against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in the region of Teboulba in Tunisia was performed. This study evaluated the use of insect‐proof screens alone or in combination with one sex pheromone water trap compared to a control greenhouse not equipped with either. The study confirms that the use of one sex pheromone water trap combined with insect‐proof covering of doors and aeration openings is sufficient to guarantee good crop protection. This combined control system allowed a low density of the pest (less than 2 individuals per leaf) to be maintained and a mean number of mines below 1 mine per leaf. 相似文献
22.
Nadia Ben Brahim Amel Salhi Nidhal Chtourou Daniel Combes Mohamed Marrakchi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(4):429-438
Isozyme variation and phylogenetic relationships between ten annual andperennial Lathyrus species: L.aphaca, L.articulatus, L.cicera, L.hirsutus, L.latifolius, L.nissolia, L.odoratus, L.ochrus, L.sativus and L.sylvestris were studied. Four enzyme systems,leucine-amino-peptidase (LAP), 6-phosphogluconatedeshydrogenase (6-PGD), glutamateoxalo-acetate transaminase (GOT) and phosphoglucoisomerase(PGI) were analyzed, using gel electrophoresis. Fivepolymorphic loci were detected and eleven alleles were identified at these loci.Zymogram data revealed that almost all-present species studied exhibited isozymepolymorphism. L. latifolius andL. sylvestris maintain high levels ofisozyme diversity, which is probably associated with the perenniality of thesetwo species and their predominantly outcrossing reproduction system. Incontrast, the low level of genetic diversity observed in other species isattributed to their breeding systems. These species are annuals and have higherproportions of selfing. The distribution of genetic variation within and amongspecies showed large genetic differences between the analysed species.PGD-1 andPGD-2 loci contributed the most to thedistinction between species. GOT-2,LAP-1 and PGI-1loci contributed to the distinction within species. The low level of gene flowrevealed could be partly related to the high level of autogamy in the majorityof species. The regroupement of species revealed by Nei's genetic similarityagrees only in parte with Kupicha's classification based on morphologicalcharacters. Thus, these isozymic markers are important in germplasm collectionand conservation. 相似文献
23.
Salem N Msaada K Hamdaoui G Limam F Marzouk B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4455-4463
This work was aimed to study the effect of extraction solvent system with varying polarities on polyphenol, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents and DPPH scavenging activity. Obtained results showed that phenolic contents and antioxidant activities varied considerably as function of solvent polarity. The extraction with acetone/water (2:8) showed the highest flower polyphenol content (15.09 mg GAE/g DW). Moreover, antiradical capacities against DPPH, chelating power and lipid peroxidation assay were maximal in acetone/water (2:8) of flower extract. Significant variation in antioxidant properties was observed between different development stages of Carthamus tinctorius flowers; the highest antioxidant activity was observed at stage III (full flowering) while phenolic composition reached its maximum at stage II (flower formation). Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound in C. tinctorius orange flowers, accounting for about 102.57 (μg/g DW). Findings underline the potential health benefits as a result of consuming C. tinctorius flowers and suggest that it could be used as valuable flavor with functional properties for food or nutraceutical products on the basis of the high polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities. 相似文献
24.
Rajaâ Jebbouj Brahim El Yousfi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(4):521-544
Knowledge of pathotype diversity and virulence in local populations of Pyrenophora teres is a prerequisite to screening for durable resistance to net blotch. The current study aimed to quantify the virulence level
of Moroccan isolates, identify and designate existing pathotypes, and select resistant genotypes. We developed a method for
virulence quantification of P. teres isolates based on a conversion of infection responses into frequencies for use in correspondence analysis. Coordinates of
the first axis of this analysis had a virulence spectrum and ranked isolates from virulent to avirulent. Mixed model analysis
was also devised for virulence quantification. Coordinates of the first dimension of correspondence analysis were linearly
correlated to BLUPs (Best Linear Unbiased Predictors) of the mixed model. A genotype by genotype by environment model (GGE)
coupled with cluster analysis differentiated P. teres isolates into ten and nine pathotypes for net- and spot-forms respectively. Populations of these two forms were dissimilar
in terms of classes of virulence. For P. teres f. maculata, avirulent, moderately virulent and highly virulent isolates represented one-third of the population, whereas 90% of P. teres f. teres population was composed of avirulent to moderately avirulent isolates. Barley differential sets were subsequently reduced
to two new sets that simplified pathotyping through a key code based on resistant or susceptible reactions. Dendrograms of
cluster analysis based on GGE analysis depicted the stability of a genotype’s reactions across all isolates, and using only
resistant cultivars as sources of resistance to control net blotch disease would, based on this analysis, fail to control
all pathotypes. Therefore, we propose an alternative breeding strategy to control net blotch effectively. 相似文献
25.
Iness Bettaieb Rebey Iness Jabri-KarouiIbtissem Hamrouni-Sellami Soumaya BourgouFerid Limam Brahim Marzouk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):238-245
This study is designed to examine the yield components, fatty acid, and essential oil compositions and phenolic contents fruit essential oil composition, the total phenolic amounts as well as the antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds under drought. This plant is one of the most common aromatics in the Mediterranean kitchen. Plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control (C), moderate water deficit (MWD) and severe water deficit (SWD). Our results indicated that MWD improved the number of umbels per plant as well as the number of umbellets per umbel and the seed yield, in comparison to the control, but it decreased under SWD. Fatty acid composition analysis indicated that petroselinic acid was the major fatty acid (55.9%) followed by palmitic (23.82%) and linoleic (12.40%) acids. Water deficit enhanced the palmitic acid percentage and affected the double bound index of the fatty acid pool and thus the oil quality. The essential oil yield was 1.64% based on the dry weight and increased by 1.40 folds under MWD. Nevertheless it decreased by 37.19% under SWD in comparison to the non treated seeds. Drought results on the modification of the essential oil chemotype from γ-terpinene/phenyl-1,2 ethanediol in the control seeds to γ-terpinene/cuminaldehyde in stressed ones. Besides, total phenolic contents were higher in the treated seeds (MWD and SWD). Results suggest that water deficit treatment may regulate the production of bioactive compounds in cumin seeds, influencing their nutritional and industrial values. Besides, antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by four different test systems, namely DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid chelating and reducing power assays and showed that treated seeds (MWD and SWD) exhibited the highest activity. 相似文献
26.
Foliar application of microdoses of sucrose to reduce codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) damage to apple trees 
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28.
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is annually produced in enormous quantities and it constitutes a serious environmental problem. For several years OMW was used as an amendment in olive orchards which given beneficial effects on growth and soil properties. The present work aimed to study the effect of OMW used after one year from the oil extraction, where phenol content decreased. One-year-old plants of “Chemlali” olive cultivar were subjected to three treatments. C0, C1, and C2 were respectively 0%, 30%, and 45% of OMW used for amendment. Each rate was adjusted with water supplied every 15?days (1?L/plantlet). Results showed significant differences between treatments especially for growth, chlorophyll content of leaves (SPAD), and leaf nutrient content (P, K, Ca, and Na). Always C2 was better than C1. Substrate properties were clearly ameliorated particularly an increase of organic matter but the pH and the electric conductivity were unaffected. 相似文献
29.
Bochra Laribi Iness Bettaieb Karima Kouki Ali Sahli Abdelaziz Mougou Brahim Marzouk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(3):372-379
The Mediterranean region suffers of drought which affects plant behaviour regarding biochemical responses. Accordingly, the effects of water deficit on growth, essential oil and fatty acid composition of caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds were investigated. Plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control, moderate water deficit and severe water deficit. Plant growth (height, fresh and dry matter weight) was significantly reduced by severe water deficit. This last caused also important reductions of the seed yield and yield components. Drought decreased significantly seed total fatty acid contents and particularly the petroselinic ones whose proportions decreased significantly by 12.17 and 18.47%, in comparison with the control, under moderate water deficit and severe water deficit, respectively. Besides, moderate water deficit increased the essential oil yield (expressed as g/100 g on the basis of dry matter weight). The main essential oil constituents were carvone and limonene which showed an increasing of their contents under water deficit levels. Thus, water deficit induced a significant reduction in growth parameters and fatty acid content, and an increase in the essential oil compounds. These bioactive compounds have been required in many industrial products. 相似文献
30.
Najoua Karray-Bouraoui Mokded Rabhi Manel Neffati Barbara Baldan Annamaria Ranieri Brahim Marzouk Mokhtar Lachal Abderrazak Smaoui 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(3):338-343
The aim of the present work was to study salt effect on the yield and composition of shoot essential oil (EO) and the structures responsible for its biosynthesis in Mentha pulegium L. Shoot EO was extracted by hydrodistillation and composition was determined by GC–MS method. Apical and basal leaves were taken for microscopy analyses; small fresh samples were observed directly without fixation or metallisation with environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and stereomicroscope (SM). Fresh separate epidermis was used for light microscopy (LM). Salt stress enhanced EO yield by about 2.75 times and affected the percentage of menthone, which is the major compound (51%), increasing that of pulegone. Menthone, pulegone, and neomenthol constituting the monoterpene class were found to be the principal components. The anatomical study showed three types of trichomes: (i) non-glandular, multicellular, simple hairs; (ii) small, capitate glandular trichomes; (iii) and peltate glandular trichomes. In control plants, the density and size of trichomes varied with leaf side (abaxial or adaxial) and developmental stage. Salt stress results in significant modifications affecting trichome distribution and size on both sides. 相似文献