Surgical management of flexure deformity of the distal inter-phalangeal joint in three Chapman's zebras (Equus burchelli antiquorum)     

L VOGELNEST  AJ DART  CM DART 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):130-131

  相似文献   

Expression of mRNA Encoding the LH Receptor (LHR) and LHR Binding Protein in Granulosa Cells from Nelore (Bos indicus) Heifers Around Follicle Deviation          下载免费PDF全文

RL Ereno  B Loureiro  ACS Castilho  MF Machado  MF Pegorer  RA Satrapa  MFG Nogueira  J Buratini  CM Barros 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(6):952-957

  相似文献   

Factors affecting the relationship between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressures in the anaesthetised horse     

JE Rainger  CM Dart  NR Perkins 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(1-2):13-19

Objective To assess the effects of the duration of anaesthesia, position of recumbency, mode of ventilation, anaesthetic drug protocol, patient age and type of surgical procedure on the usefulness of capnometry as a measure of the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (P_aco ₂) during general anaesthesia in horses. Design A prospective study compared the P_aco ₂ values with those of partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETco ₂) in horses anaesthetised for elective or emergency surgical procedures. The difference between P_aco ₂ and ETco ₂ (P_aco ₂− ETco ₂) and the physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio (V_D/V_T) were calculated. The effects of the study parameters on these variables was determined. Results The agreement between P_aco ₂ and ETco ₂ was poor. P_aco ₂− ETco ₂ and V_D/V_T during the first 60 min of anaesthesia was significantly less than after 60 min of anaesthesia. Mode of ventilation, position of recumbency, anaesthetic drug protocol, patient age and type of procedure did not have a significant affect on either value. Conclusions P_aco ₂− ETco ₂ in anaesthetised horses can be large, making ETco ₂ unreliable as a predictor of P_aco ₂ and for assessment of pulmonary ventilation. For anaesthesia lasting less than 60 min at least one blood gas analysis of an arterial blood sample is required to assess P_aco ₂− ETco ₂. Arterial blood gas analysis should be repeated after 60 min of general anaesthesia.  相似文献   

Glycerol,Methyl‐Formamide and Dimethyl‐Formamide in Canine Semen Cryopreservation     

DO Futino  MCB Mendes  WNL Matos  RG Mondadori  CM Lucci 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):214-220

The aim of the present work was to compare the efficiency of methyl‐formamide (MF), dimethyl‐formamide (DF) and glycerol (GL) as cryoprotectants in canine semen cryopreservation. For the experiment, pooled semen was submitted to one of the three cryoprotectants, with a final concentration of 3% in egg yolk–TRIS extender. Semen was subjectively evaluated for total and progressive motility, vigour and morphology. Sperm membrane functional integrity was assessed by hypo‐osmotic swelling test (HOST), and longevity was assessed using the thermoresistance test (TRT). Fresh semen showed normal physical and morphological characteristics. After thawing, differences were observed between semen frozen using GL and DF, regarding total and progressive motility and vigour (p < 0.05), but not between MF and GL or MF and DF. Means for total motility, progressive motility, vigour and morphologically normal spermatozoa were, respectively, 69.0 ± 5.4%, 61.0 ± 7.4%, 2.9 ± 0.5 and 57.1 ± 5.0% for GL; 59.0 ± 8.9%, 50.0 ± 10.0%, 2.5 ± 0.7 and 66.9 ± 7.7% for MF; and 44.0 ± 21.0%, 37.0 ± 19.8%, 2.1 ± 0.6 and 61.1 ± 5.5% for DF. On HOST, GL was superior (p < 0.05) to MF and DF (57.8 ± 12.4%, 35.8 ± 18.4% and 34.4 ± 9.4%, respectively). During the TRT, both GL and MF were superior to DF, with no differences between GL and MF. In conclusion, the use of MF as cryoprotectant showed results similar to GL, and can be considered as an alternative in canine semen cryopreservation. Further studies testing different concentrations of MF may improve its effects on cryopreservation of canine semen.  相似文献   

Influence of cutting time and stubble height on regrowth capacity of Juncus effusus and Juncus conglomeratus     

W Kaczmarek‐Derda  J Folkestad  M Helgheim  J Netland  K A Solhaug  L O Brandsæter 《Weed Research》2014,54(6):603-613

Infestation by Juncus effusus and Juncus conglomeratus causes a serious reduction in forage quality along the western coastline in Norway. Timing of treatments, for example cutting to reduce photosynthate return to the weeds, is crucial for successful and cost‐effective weed control. However, the effect may depend on changes in regrowth capacity over the growing season. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cutting time and stubble height on the regrowth capacity of J. effusus and J. conglomeratus from western and eastern Norway. Tussocks were collected from extensively managed pastures at 4‐ and 6‐week intervals in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The plants were potted, cut at 1 or 5 cm and exposed to three different temperatures (7.5, 12.5 and 17.5°C) in 2009 and to 17.5°C only in 2010. The regrowth ability was evaluated after 6 weeks by measuring stem number and dry biomass from old mowed and new shoots. Regrowth increased more with temperature for the eastern than for the western ecotype of J. effusus. Cutting to 1 cm stubble height gave substantially less regrowth than 5 cm cutting, both for dry biomass and number of shoots in both years. Regrowth varied significantly with date of cut and was lowest in late summer (mid‐July–August). This suggests that weeding strategies based on low cutting and mowing rush tussocks in late summer will be most effective, due to the low regrowth capacity.  相似文献   

Effect of activated protein C in second intention healing of equine distal limb wounds: a preliminary study          下载免费PDF全文

AS Bischofberger  AS Tsang  N Horadagoda  CM Dart  NR Perkins  LB Jeffcott  CJ Jackson  AJ Dart 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(10):361-366

  相似文献   

Proliferation and Apoptosis in Aged and Photoregressed Mammalian Seminiferous Epithelium,with Particular Attention to Rodents and Humans     

LM Pastor  A Zuasti  C Ferrer  CM Bernal‐Mañas  E Morales  E Beltrán‐Frutos  V Seco‐Rovira 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):155-164

Imbalances in the proliferation and apoptosis processes are involved in numerous epithelial alterations. In the seminiferous epithelium, normal spermatogenesis is regulated by spermatogonia proliferation and germ cell apoptosis, and both processes are involved in diverse pathological alterations of the seminiferous epithelium. Other physiological phenomena including aging and short photoperiod, in which apoptosis and proliferation seem to play important roles, cause testicular changes. Aging is accompanied by diminished proliferation and increased apoptosis, the latter occurring in specific states of the seminiferous cycle and considered the cause of epithelium involution. However, there is no clear evidence concerning whether proliferation decreases in the spermatogonia themselves or is due to an alteration in the cell microenvironment that surrounds them. As regards the factors that regulate the process, the data are scant, but it is considered that the diminution of c‐kit expression in the spermatagonia, together with the diminution in antiapoptotic factors (Bcl‐x_L)) of the intrinsic molecular pathway of apoptosis play a part in epithelial regression. A short photoperiod, especially in rodents, produces a gradual involution of the seminiferous epithelium, which is related with increased apoptosis during the regression phase and a diminution of apoptosis during recrudescence. Proliferative activity varies, especially during the total regression phase, when it usually increases in the undifferentiated spermatogonia. In other species showing seasonal reproduction, however, decreased proliferation is considered the main factor in the regression of the seminiferous epithelium. Little is known about how both phenomena are regulated, although data in rodents suggest that both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis contribute to the increase in this process. In conclusion, regression of the seminiferous epithelium in physiological situations, as in many pathological situations, is a result of alterations in equilibrium between the proliferation and apoptosis of germinal cell types. However, both physiological phenomena showed important differences as regard proliferation/apoptosis and their regulation pathways, probably as a result of their irreversible or reversible character.  相似文献   

Effects of tractor weight,wheel placement and depth of ploughing on the infestation of perennial weeds in organically farmed cereals     

Lars Olav Brandsæter  Anne Kjersti Bakken  Kjell Mangerud  Hugh Riley  Ragnar Eltun  Haldor Fykse 《European Journal of Agronomy》2011,34(4):239-246

To ensure optimum conditions for organic cereal growing, it is important to minimize both compaction and soil inversion depth. The relative effects of using light versus heavier tractors, shallow versus deeper ploughing and on-land versus in-furrow wheel placement during ploughing were investigated in three-year organic rotations dominated by cereals with naturally infested stands of perennial weeds. The second part of the experiments was carried out in continuous barley with transplanted root fragments of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and rhizome pieces of Elymus repens (L.) Gould. Ploughing was performed in spring under favourable weather conditions. Neither tractor weight nor wheel placement influenced decisively the numbers and above-ground biomass of perennial weeds. Depth of ploughing, on the other hand, affected both perennial weed infestation and yield levels consistently. Weed numbers and the total above-ground weed biomass were mostly 50% lower with deep ploughing (25 cm) than with shallow ploughing (15 cm). The greatest advantage of deep ploughing appeared in the control of C. arvense, which in some cases was reduced by more than 90% compared to shallow ploughing. In organic rotations dominated by cereals, therefore, combating of perennial weeds by deep ploughing may be more important than factors such as tractor weight and wheel placement.  相似文献   

Dynamics of the free-living stages of sheep intestinal parasites on pasture in the North Island of New Zealand. 1. Patterns of seasonal development     

TS Waghorn  DP Reynecke  A-MB Oliver  CM Miller  A Vlassoff  JP Koolaard 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):279-286

Abstract

AIM: To describe the seasonal pattern of development of third-stage infective larvae (L3) from eggs of Teladorsagia (=Ostertagia) circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus on pasture in the North Island of New Zealand.

METHODS: Sheep faeces containing known numbers of eggs of all three nematode species were deposited on, or buried in, pasture plots at three sites, viz coastal Manawatu, Upper Hutt Valley, and East Cape hill country. Development was measured by recovering L3 from faeces, herbage and soil 28–31 days after deposition on 13–18 occasions, between January 2005 and July 2006. Analysis of the number of larvae recovered used a mixed model including number of eggs deposited, weight of faeces recovered (an assumed indicator of earthworm activity), site, contamination date, and position of deposited faeces, i.e. on the surface or buried.

RESULTS: There was a significant effect of contamination date on development of all three species, with maximum numbers ofL3 developing between late spring (November) and early autumn (March), and minimum numbers in June and July. There were large differences between species, with H. contortus exhibiting a long period (April to October) where development was close to zero, whereas T. circumcincta developed to some extent all year round. Development of T. colubriformis was intermediate between the other two species.

Burying faeces containing nematode eggs increased the number of L3 recovered compared with surface deposition (p≤0.001), although there were a small number of exceptions involving only T. colubriformis. The weight of faeces recovered at harvest, which was assumed to be an indication of earthworm activity, was correlated with the number of L3 recovered for all species (p<0.001). In a separate analysis, earthworms were assumed tohave been active if <5 g faeces remained at harvest. Where this occurred, the number of L3 of T. colubriformis and T.circumcincta recovered was reduced by 56% and 58%, respectively (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: A marked seasonal pattern of development was observed for all three species, with the most larvae developing in spring-early autumn and the least in winter. This seasonal pattern was most pronounced in H. contortus and least obvious in T. circumcincta. Burying faeces containing eggs generally resulted in more L3 being recovered, whilst the apparent activity of earthworms resulted in fewer larvae being recovered.  相似文献   

Development and spatial distribution of the free-living stages of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis on pasture: A pilot study     

DM Leathwick  CM Miller  TS Waghorn 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):272-278

Abstract

AIMS: To measure the development of Teladorsagia (=Ostertagia) circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs to third-stage infective larvae (L3) at different times of the year. Also, to measure the spatial distribution of L3 across herbage, soil and faeces, in order to assess whether spatial issues could be important in larval dynamics on pasture.

METHODS: Field plots were contaminated with sheep faeces containing approximately 20,000 eggs of each of T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis on five separate occasions, viz 01 December 1996 (summer), 18 March 1998 (autumn), 17 June 1998 (winter), 15 October 1998 (spring), and 23 July 1999 (winter). Replicate plots (n=10) were harvested at intervals for up to 12 months after deposition of faeces, and the number and distribution of L3 were measured. Larvae were sampled from faeces (where these remained), herbage, and three soil zones to a depth of 145 mm.

RESULTS: There were large differences between contamination dates in the percentage of eggs that developed to L3. For both species the highest percentage development was for eggs deposited in December (7.8% and 25.9% for T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis, respectively) and the lowest for June (0.4% and 0.03% T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis, respectively). Development in winter was often delayed, and this was always associated with a low yield of larvae, probably due to compounding mortalities associated with long periods of exposure to low temperatures.

The relative distribution of L3 present on herbage, in faeces or in the soil varied between sampling times. However, overall the most L3 were recovered from soil (74% and 66% for T.circumcincta and T. colubriformis, respectively, averaged over all samples), and the lowest recoveries were from the herbage.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the data are limited, the results indicated that the highest percentage of eggs developed to infective larvae in summer and only minimal development occurred in winter. The data do not support the view that substantial contamination of pastures with sheep parasites occurs over winter. Large numbers of larvae were recovered from soil, which indicates that, assuming they can subsequently migrate onto herbage, soil is a potentially important reservoir ofinfective larvae in New Zealand. Therefore, the spatial distribution of L3 on pasture may affect both the dynamics and transmission of parasite populations. Further work on both these issues is warranted.  相似文献