Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of miloxicam in the horse     

P Lees  A D Sedgwick  A J Higgins  K E Pugh  U Busch 《The British veterinary journal》1991,147(2):97-108

The novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) miloxicam was administered intravenously to six New Forest ponies at a dosage rate of 0.6 mg/kg in a two-part cross-over study. In each part, three horses received miloxicam and three were given a placebo preparation. The actions of miloxicam, compared to placebo, were assessed in a carrageenan-sponge model of acute inflammation. The rise in skin temperature over the site of the acute inflammatory reaction was less in treated ponies, but differences were not statistically significant. Concentrations of the enzymes acid phosphatase (AP) and lysozyme in inflammatory exudates harvested at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h were not significantly different in drug-treated animals compared with those receiving placebo. Concentrations of protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in exudate and exudate leucocyte numbers were significantly reduced in drug-treated horses when data for all sampling times were pooled. The differences were not significant, however, at each sampling time. Exudate concentrations of the eicosanoids, bicyclic-PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2, were reduced significantly by miloxicam at most sampling times, and serum TXB2 was also significantly reduced at 4 and 8 h but not at 12 and 24 h after drug administration. These pharmacodynamic findings correlated with the pharmacokinetic properties of miloxicam. The plasma concentration-time curve was defined by a three-compartment open model in one pony and by a two-compartment model in five ponies. Mean values for pharmacokinetic parameters for the five ponies were: t1/2 alpha 0.40 h; t1/2 beta 2.70 h; Vd area 0.158 l/kg; ClB 41.87 ml/kg/h. Exudate concentrations of miloxicam were initially similar to and eventually greater than concentrations in plasma, and this may explain the more prolonged inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis in exudate than in serum. These findings demonstrate the value of relating, in a single experimental study, drug action on a range of variables to drug fate in the body.  相似文献   

Experimental results of cryopreservation and thawing of bull sperm in pellet form     

W Busch  N Khaznadar  W Hartwig  E Richter  U Hacker 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1987,94(10):564-568

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Quantifiable morphokinesis on parts of the hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-gonadal axis of hormonally castrated boars. I. Studies on boars treated with chlormadinone acetate]     

H Sajonski  J Dorst  W Busch  H Hagelschuer 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1978,32(1):39-44

A clearly morphokinetic effect was recorded from the parts of the hypothalamo-adenohypophyseo-gonadal axis in boars that had been treated with chloromadinone acetate (CAP). Luteinising hormone release is inhibited by CAP, which is reflected in an increase of luteinising hormone cells in their storage form. This leads to statistically significant decline in androgenic testicular tissue percentage and in the cell nucleus volumes of Leydig's cells. Excessive weight decrease of the testicle is caused primarily by some 60 per cent reduction in tube length. The neurons of the tested hypothalamic nuclear region, that is the nucleus praeopticus medialis, have shown that in treated animals cell nucleus volumes were significantly depressed.  相似文献   

Ergebnisse der Anwendung von Gonave®"Berlin Chemie" zur Ovulationsinduktion in der Spontanbrunst beim Rind     

H. Böhme  S. Bach  W. Busch  W. Letz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1988,23(4):201-207

Inhalt: Gonavet®“Berlin Chemie”, ein synthetisches Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon, wurde zur Ovulationsinduktion bei spontan brünstigen Rindern eingesetzt. Verabreicht wurden 0,1 mg Gonavet vor der Insemination in einer Zeitspanne von maximal vier Stunden. Die Erprobung umfaβte 935 Versuchs- und 911 Kontrolltiere in 12 Betrieben. Bei allen Tieren wurde ca. 24 Stunden nach der Insemination eine Ovulationskontrolle vorgenommen. Ovulations- und Trächtigkeitsrate dienten als Prüfparameter. Die Ovulationsrate konnte um 10,4% angehoben werden; in elf von zwölf Herden ging der Anteil an nicht termingerechten Ovulationen zurück. Die Trächtigkeitsrate wurde um 6,1% verbessert. Von den zwölf Herden trat eine Erhöhung der TR in acht ein (1,1 bis 17,5%), in einer Herde waren die Konzeptionsergebnisse bei Versuchs- und Kontrolltieren identisch und in drei Herden erzielte die Kontrollgruppe bessere Trächtigkeitsergebnisse (2,1 bis 9,7%). Die Anwendung des Praparates ist bei Tieren mit einer Ovulationsstorung angezeigt. Contents: The induction of ovulation in the spontaneous estrous in cattle by Gonavet “Berlin Chemie” Gonave®“Berlin Chemie”, a synthetic gonadotropinreleasing-hormone was used for induction of ovulation in spontaneously estrous cattle. 0.1 mg Gonavet were applied no more than 4 hours prior to insemination. A total of 935 experimental and 911 control animals of 12 farms were included into the study. Ovulation was assessed in all animals about 24 hrs following insemination. Rates of ovulation and pregnancy were used as endpoints. Ovulation rate was increased 10.4%; in 11 out of 12 farms, the number of on-time ovulations improved. Rate of pregnancy also improved for 6.1%. In about 8 out of the 12 herds pregnancy rate increased between 1.1 and 17.5%. In one herd conception rates were not different between experimental and control animals. In three herds the control groups had better conception rates (2.1 to 9.7% increase) when compared to experimental groups. Gonavet® ist indicated in cases of ovulatory problems.  相似文献   

Atrioventricular valve dysplasia in Dalmatians   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

RB ATWELL  RH SUTTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(4):249-249

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A peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor with generalized bone metastases in a puppy     

De Cock HE  Busch MD  Fry MM  Mehl M  Bollen AW  Higgins RJ 《Veterinary pathology》2004,41(4):437-441

A peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET), most consistent with a human Ewing's sarcoma, is described in a 5-month-old male Australian Shepherd puppy. The first tumor site detected was in the left frontal bone of the skull with apparent subsequent rapid metastases to multiple sites in the axial and appendicular skeleton and bone marrow, kidneys, and perihyphophyseal meninges. Radiographically, all bone lesions were lytic and there was also a humeral bone fracture. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a small round blue cell tumor. At this stage, the differential diagnosis included a lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and a PNET of the peripheral nervous system. However, the cells had positive expression of triple neurofilament antigens as detected immunocytochemically. The cells were negative for a broad panel of canine-specific leucocyte cell marker antigens for desmin, smooth muscle actin, synaptophysin, and CD99. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained occasional dense core neurosecretory granules and intermediate filaments with intercellular desmosomal-like junctions and abundant glycogen clusters. Based on the age of the dog, the clinical history, the distribution of gross lesions, histologic characteristics of a small round blue cell tumor, and immunocytochemical and ultrastructural evidence of neuroectodermal differentiation, a diagnosis of a pPNET similar to a human Ewing's sarcoma was made.  相似文献   

Morphokinetic effect of PMSG and sex steroids on parts of the cerebral-hypophyseal-gonadal axis of anestrous sheep     

A Smollich  D Schauer  G Weber  W Busch 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1979,33(1):141-149

The action of gonadotropins and of sexual steroids on links of the cerebro-hypophyseo-gonadal axis can be morphologically quantified in sheep. In that context, karyovolumetry is a highly dependabel and information-yielding quantitative morphological method. In studies conducted with anoestrous sheep and described in this paper that method has helped to detect an inhibitory effect of PMSG and progesterone upon the activity of neurons of the medial preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The two sexual steroids produced even stronger inhibition of neuronal activity of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Such results, when evaluated and re-used under the adequate test conditions might be helpful in identifying structures of central nervous disorders along the cerebro-hypophyseo-gonadal axis and produce reliable information on acting points or general action (activation or inhibition) of active substances as well as on the course of control and regulatory mechanisms.  相似文献   

Comparative study of three intramuscular anaesthetic combinations (medetomidine/ketamine, medetomidine/fentanyl/midazolam and xylazine/ketamine) in rabbits     

Henke J  Astner S  Brill T  Eissner B  Busch R  Erhardt W 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(5):261-270

OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of surgical anaesthesia and cardiorespiratory effects of three intramuscular (IM) anaesthetic combinations in rabbits. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized cross-over experimental study. ANIMALS: Nineteen adult female chinchilla mixed-bred rabbits weighing 3.9 +/- 0.8 kg. METHODS: Rabbits were given one of three IM anaesthetic combinations: 0.25 mg kg(-1) medetomidine and 35.0 mg kg(-1) ketamine (M-K), 0.20 mg kg(-1) medetomidine and 0.02 mg kg(-1) fentanyl and 1.0 mg kg(-1) midazolam (M-F-Mz) and 4.0 mg kg(-1) xylazine and 50 mg kg(-1) ketamine (X-K). The effects of anaesthesia on nociceptive reflexes, circulatory and respiratory function were recorded. Statistical analyses involved repeated measures anova with paired Student's t-test applied post hoc. P-values <0.05 were considered as significant. RESULTS: Reflex loss was most rapid and complete in M-K recipients, whereas animals receiving M-F-Mz showed the longest tolerance of endotracheal intubation (78.1 +/- 36.5 minutes). Loss of righting reflex was significantly most rapid (p < 0.05) in the X-K group (114.7 +/- 24.0 minutes). Surgical anaesthesia was achieved in 16 of 19 animals receiving M-K, in 14 animals receiving M-F-Mz, and in seven animals with X-K, but only for a short period (7.1 +/- 11.6 minutes). This was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter than with M-K (38.7 +/- 30.0 minutes) and M-F-Mz (31.6 +/- 26.6 minutes). Heart rates were greatest in X-K recipients; lowest HR were seen in animals receiving M-F-Mz. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher (about 88 mmHg) during the first hour in the M-K group. During recovery, the greatest hypotension was encountered in the X-K group; minimum values were 53 +/- 12 mmHg. Six of 19 animals in the M-F-Mz group showed a short period of apnoea (30 seconds) immediately after endotracheal intubation. Respiratory frequency was significantly lower in this group (p < 0.001). Highest values for arterial carbon dioxide partial pressures (PaCO(2)) (6.90 +/- 0.87 kPa; 52.5 +/- 6.5 mmHg) occurred after induction of anaesthesia in group M-F-Mz animals. There was a marked decrease in PaO(2) in all three groups (the minimum value 5.28 +/- 0.65 kPa [39.7 +/- 4.9 mmHg] was observed with M-K immediately after injection). Arterial PO(2) was between 26.0 and 43.0 kPa (196 and 324 mmHg) in all groups during O(2) delivery and decreased - but not <7.98 kPa - on its withdrawal. Immediately after drug injection, pH(a) values fell in all groups, with lowest values after 30 minutes (7.23 +/- 0.03 with M-K, 7.28 +/- 0.05 with M-F-Mz, and 7.36 +/- 0.04 with X-K). The X-K animals showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher pH values than medetomidine recipients. During 1 hour of anaesthesia pH values in the medetomidine groups remained below those of the X-K group. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical anaesthesia was induced in most animals receiving medetomidine-based combinations. Arterial blood pressure was maintained at baseline values for about 1 hour after M-K. Transient apnoea occurred with M-F-Mz and mandates respiratory function monitoring. Oxygen enrichment of inspired gases is necessary with all three combinations. Endotracheal intubation is essential in rabbits receiving M-F-Mz. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The quality of surgical anaesthesia was greatest with M-K. All combinations allowed recoveries of similar duration. It is theoretically possible to antagonize each component of the M-F-Mz combination.  相似文献   

Histological and immunohistochemical investigations of ovarian interstitial glands during non‐breeding season in camels (Camelus dromedarius)          下载免费PDF全文

MM Awad  RH Mohamed  YA Amin  HA Hussein 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(4):872-879

The aim of this was to investigate the histology and immunohistochemistry of interstitial glands during non‐breeding season in camel ovaries. A total of 21 mature, non‐pregnant and apparently healthy camels aged between 8 and 12 years were slaughtered. The ovaries were removed within 15 min, cleaned from adipose tissue, weighted and examined grossly. The histological preparation was made, and then, the blocks were cut at 3–5 microns thickness and stained by H&E for histological examinations. Moreover, some sections were stained with Sudan Black for lipid detection. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin‐embedded ovarian tissues was performed to detect the localization of S‐100, vimentin, progesterone receptors (PR) and oestrogen receptors (ER). Immunoreactive signals were detected using UltraVision Detection System. The results revealed that the interstitial glands were located in the cortical region and they were arranged in various arrangements either single, in couple or in groups rich in lipid droplet. All interstitial gland arrangements were enclosed by connective tissue capsules containing fibroblasts and collagenous fibres separated them from the surrounding ovarian structures. Both interstitial glands and their surrounding CT were penetrated by several blood vessels. There was a strong immunoreactive signal for S‐100 in the nuclei of interstitial cells, and no signals were detected either in cells of the interstitial glands or their connective tissue with PR. We could conclude that the interstitial gland is distinct in ovary of camel and further studies are needed to elucidate its rule in steroid synthesis.  相似文献   

Intramuscular administration of a low dose of ACTH for ACTH stimulation testing in dogs     

Behrend EN  Kemppainen RJ  Bruyette DS  Busch KA  Lee HP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(4):528-530

OBJECTIVE: To compare adrenal gland stimulation achieved following administration of cosyntropin (5 microg/kg [2.3 microg/lb]) IM versus IV in healthy dogs and dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. DESIGN: Clinical trial. Animals-9 healthy dogs and 9 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. PROCEDURES: In both groups, ACTH stimulation was performed twice. Healthy dogs were randomly assigned to receive cosyntropin IM or IV first, but all dogs with hyperadrenocorticism received cosyntropin IV first. In healthy dogs, serum cortisol concentration was measured before (baseline) and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after cosyntropin administration. In dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, serum cortisol concentration was measured before and 60 minutes after cosyntropin administration. RESULTS: In the healthy dogs, serum cortisol concentration increased significantly after administration of cosyntropin, regardless of route of administration, and serum cortisol concentrations after IM administration were not significantly different from concentrations after IV administration. For both routes of administration, serum cortisol concentration peaked 60 or 90 minutes after cosyntropin administration. In dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, serum cortisol concentration was significantly increased 60 minutes after cosyntropin administration, compared with baseline concentration, and concentrations after IM administration were not significantly different from concentrations after IV administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that in healthy dogs and dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, administration of cosyntropin at a dose of 5 microg/kg, IV or IM, resulted in equivalent adrenal gland stimulation.  相似文献