Naturally occurring and experimental Stachys arvensis (staggerweed) toxicity in lambs in New Zealand     

BL Vaatstra  KG Thompson  FI Hill  MT Walshe  ML Gilmour 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3)

Stachys arvensis (staggerweed) is a common, widely distributed weed of cultivated and waste land with the potential to intoxicate sheep. Two naturally occurring outbreaks of suspected staggerweed toxicity in the lower North Island were investigated. Affected lambs had been recently moved onto staggerweed-contaminated Brassica spp. crops. In total, 150/1,200 (13%) lambs developed hindlimb paresis, a fine generalised muscular tremor, and hunched posture. When forced to move, many became recumbent. Most lambs recovered within 48 h of removal from staggerweed, although a few developed clinical signs again when transported 2–3 weeks later. Grossly, affected lambs had large amounts of staggerweed plant material and seeds within the rumen. Histopathology showed mild, multifocal degeneration of the white matter tracts of the central nervous system (CNS), most commonly in the ventral funiculi of the spinal cord, and acute, mild to moderate, multifocal degeneration of skeletal muscles. Creatine kinase (CK) activity in serum was mildly to markedly elevated in affected lambs. In a feeding trial, ten 10-month-old Romney lambs were randomly assigned to equal treatment and control groups. Treated lambs were drenched with a liquid extract of staggerweed once daily for 7 days. Three of five treated lambs developed mild exercise intolerance, and 1/5 displayed mild paresis of the hindlimbs, slightly crouched hindlimb stance, and shortened gait, on days 6 and 7. Histologically, 4/5 treated lambs had degeneration in white matter tracts of the CNS, indistinguishable from those seen in the lambs in the outbreak, and in 1/5 lambs there was scattered regeneration of skeletal muscle. CK activity in serum in treated lambs was not significantly higher than that in control lambs. None of the control lambs developed significant clinical signs, histological changes or increases in CK activity in serum. The clinical signs and lesions observed in both the outbreaks and feeding trial were similar to those previously described in studies in Australia, with the exception that myodegeneration was more prominent in the outbreaks in New Zealand. Further characterisation of the pathogenesis of staggerweed toxicity and its potential role as a food safety hazard will be facilitated through identification of the toxic principle(s).  相似文献   

Colostrum yield and litter performance in multiparous sows subjected to farrowing induction          下载免费PDF全文

MA Otto  AP Machado  LP Moreira  ML Bernardi  ML Coutinho  IS Vaz Jr  I Wentz  FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(5):749-755

The consumption of colostrum at a low level can compromise the survival and growth of piglets. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of farrowing induction on colostrum yield, IgG concentration and the survival and performance of piglets until the weaning. Sows of parity 3 to 7 were assigned into two groups: Control (n = 48), sows with spontaneous farrowing; and induction (n = 48), sows induced to farrow on day 114 of gestation with a PGF₂ analogue. Colostrum and blood samples were collected from the sows, at farrowing and 24 hr later. Blood samples from the piglets were collected at 24 hr after birth. The performance of the piglets was evaluated in a subsample of 28 litters from each group. All piglets were weighed at 7, 14 and 20 days of age. The farrowing length, the number of piglets born alive, stillborn piglets, weight at birth, litter weight at birth and colostrum yield were not significantly affected (p > .05) by farrowing induction. There was no difference between the groups (p > .05) in the percentage of sows with obstetric interventions. Serum IgG concentration, in both sows and piglets, and colostrum IgG concentration were similar between the groups (p > .05). Furthermore, survival rate, piglet weight and litter weight at 7, 14 and 20 days of age were also similar between the groups (p > .05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the farrowing induction performed on day 114 of gestation does not affect the colostrum yield, the IgG concentration in colostrum and serum of piglets, and the litter performance until the weaning.  相似文献   

Endometrial gene expression in primiparous dairy cows at the end of the voluntary waiting period is affected by nutrition: Total mixed ration vs increasing levels of herbage allowance          下载免费PDF全文

AL Astessiano  M Carriquiry  DA Mattiauda  ML Adrien  P Chilibroste  A Meikle 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(5):798-805

The study postulated that differential nutritional management during the early lactation period would be reflected in endometrial expression of genes related to embryo growth at the end of the voluntary waiting period. Thus, the effect of the combined use of total mixed ration (TMR) and grazing under different herbage allowances during the first 75 days post‐partum (DPP) on endometrial gene expression was evaluated in primiparous dairy cows. Cows were blocked by body weight, age and body condition score and randomly assigned to three grazing treatments: high (HA, 30 kg DM per cow per day), medium (MA, 15 kg DM per cow per day) and low (LA, 7.5 kg DM per cow per day) herbage allowance (mixed pasture, 2,600 kg DM per ha) plus 8 kg DM of supplement or TMR (55% forage, 45% concentrate) fed ad libitum (TMR) from calving to 75 DPP. At 57 DPP, cows were synchronized for oestrus (day 0, 68 DPP) and at day 7, endometrial biopsies were obtained. The nutritional treatment did not affect insulin, IGF‐1 and leptin concentrations on days 0, 4 or 7. Expression of IGF1, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 mRNA was significantly affected by the nutritional treatment. Endometrial IGF1 and IGFBP4 mRNA were twofold greater in TMR and HA than MA and LA cows. Expression of IGFBP3 and ADIPOR1 mRNAs was greater in TMR and HA than MA cows, but did not differ from LA cows. All groups had greater expression of ADIPOR2 mRNA than MA cows. This study provided solid evidence of the importance of nutritional management during early lactation on uterine environment at the end of the voluntary waiting period. The greater expression of genes related to embryo growth and uterine function (IGF system, progesterone and adiponectin receptors) in cows fed diets maximizing energy intake suggests a favourable environment for embryonic growth, which may explain the improved reproductive performance of cows in good energy balance.  相似文献   

Elevated serum creatinine and hyponatraemia as prognostic factors in canine acute pancreatitis          下载免费PDF全文

V Marchetti  E Gori  I Lippi  E Luchetti  ML Manca  A Pierini 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(11):444-447

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Estimation of surface roughness and stone cover in burnt soils using SAR images     

R. Menéndez Duarte  E. Wozniak  C. Recondo  C. Cabo  J. Marquínez  S. Fernández 《CATENA》2008

In many quartzitic slopes in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula there is a high topsoil stoniness which produces a random surface roughness. The surface roughness is one of the control parameters in the signal of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. In this work we test the use of the SAR images for distinguishing and mapping areas with different surface roughness which, in this study, correspond with areas with different surface stoniness. In accordance with the geographic location, the relief of the study area and the aims of the project JERS and ENVISAT SAR images were used. The images are characterized by the high view angles, between 33° and 42°, alternating polarization (HH/HV, VV/VH) data and ascending and descending passes.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

ML Goulden  SC Wofsy  JW Harden  SE Trumbore  PM Crill  ST Gower  T Fries  BC Daube  S Fan  DJ Sutton  A Bazzaz  JW Munger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5348):214-217

We used eddy covariance; gas-exchange chambers; radiocarbon analysis; wood, moss, and soil inventories; and laboratory incubations to measure the carbon balance of a 120-year-old black spruce forest in Manitoba, Canada. The site lost 0.3 +/- 0.5 metric ton of carbon per hectare per year (ton C ha-1 year-1) from 1994 to 1997, with a gain of 0.6 +/- 0.2 ton C ha-1 year-1 in moss and wood offset by a loss of 0.8 +/- 0.5 ton C ha-1 year-1 from the soil. The soil remained frozen most of the year, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil increased 10-fold upon thawing. The stability of the soil carbon pool ( approximately 150 tons C ha-1) appears sensitive to the depth and duration of thaw, and climatic changes that promote thaw are likely to cause a net efflux of carbon dioxide from the site.  相似文献   

Gas-phase ionic reactions: dynamics and mechanism of nucleophilic displacements     

ML Chabinyc  SL Craig  CK Regan  JI Brauman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5358):1882-1886

Nucleophilic displacement reactions (the SN2 reaction) of ions in the gas phase are a prototypical reaction system that allows a study of dynamics, mechanisms, and structure-energy relations. This article reviews aspects of the kinetics (especially the applicability of statistical reaction rate theory), the relation of structure and reactivity, and the effects of small numbers of solvent molecules on the reaction and compares the behavior of the ionic reaction in the gas phase with that in solution.  相似文献   

戊型肝炎病毒研究新进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

窦守强  唐延平  蓝赐华  李和平  罗满林 《中国兽药杂志》2007,41(3):32-34

戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis Evirus,HEV)是非甲非乙型急性肝炎的病原体,主要经粪-口途径传播,也有报道可以通过血液传播。戊型肝炎在亚洲、非洲及美洲的墨西哥等发展中国家常呈爆发流行,我国1986-1988年在新疆曾经发生戊型肝炎暴发流行[1],而在包括发达国家在内的世界各地呈散在传  相似文献   

Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Reproduction, Euroconference Halle, 11–13 April 1997     

ML Boerjan  B Fischer 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(1):1-3

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Is Mycoplasma bovis a missing component of the bovine respiratory disease complex in Australia?     

PF Horwood  ML Schibrowski  EV Fowler  JS Gibson  TS Barnes  TJ Mahony 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(6):185-191

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