Functional links between Aβ toxicity, endocytic trafficking, and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in yeast     

Treusch S  Hamamichi S  Goodman JL  Matlack KE  Chung CY  Baru V  Shulman JM  Parrado A  Bevis BJ  Valastyan JS  Han H  Lindhagen-Persson M  Reiman EM  Evans DA  Bennett DA  Olofsson A  DeJager PL  Tanzi RE  Caldwell KA  Caldwell GA  Lindquist S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6060):1241-1245

Aβ (beta-amyloid peptide) is an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We modeled Aβ toxicity in yeast by directing the peptide to the secretory pathway. A genome-wide screen for toxicity modifiers identified the yeast homolog of phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) and other endocytic factors connected to AD whose relationship to Aβ was previously unknown. The factors identified in yeast modified Aβ toxicity in glutamatergic neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans and in primary rat cortical neurons. In yeast, Aβ impaired the endocytic trafficking of a plasma membrane receptor, which was ameliorated by endocytic pathway factors identified in the yeast screen. Thus, links between Aβ, endocytosis, and human AD risk factors can be ascertained with yeast as a model system.  相似文献   

Transition From Sagebrush Steppe to Annual Grass (Bromus tectorum): Influence on Belowground Carbon and Nitrogen     

Benjamin M. Rau  Dale W. Johnson  Robert R. Blank  Annmarrie. Lucchesi  Todd G. Caldwell  Eugene W. Schupp 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2011,64(2):139-147

Vegetation changes associated with climate shifts and anthropogenic disturbance have major impacts on biogeochemical cycling. Much of the interior western United States currently is dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystems. At low to intermediate elevations, sagebrush ecosystems increasingly are influenced by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasion. Little currently is known about the distribution of belowground organic carbon (OC) on these changing landscapes, how annual grass invasion affects OC pools, or the role that nitrogen (N) plays in carbon (C) retention. As part of a Joint Fire Sciences-funded project called the Sagebrush Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), we quantified the depth distribution of soil OC and N at seven sites experiencing cheatgrass invasion. We sampled plots that retained sagebrush, but represented a continuum of cheatgrass invasion into the understory. Eighty-four soil cores were taken using a mechanically driven diamond-tipped core drill to a depth of 90 cm, or until bedrock or a restrictive layer was encountered. Samples were taken in 15-cm increments, and soil, rocks, and roots were analyzed for OC and total N. We determined that cheatgrass influences the vertical distribution of OC and N within the soil profile and might result in decreased soil OC content below 60  cm. We also found that OC and total N associated with coarse fragments accounted for at least 10% of belowground pools. This emphasizes the need for researchers to quantify nutrients in deep soil horizons and coarse fragments.  相似文献   

A preliminary report of a comparison of epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses from Australia with others from North America, Japan and Nigeria     

C H CAMPBELL  T D ST GEORGE 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(8):233-233

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Role of predominant rumen bacteria in the cause of polioencephalomalacia (cerebrocortical necrosis) in cattle     

T R Haven  D R Caldwell  R Jensen 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(8):1451-1455

Rumen contents of 2 heifers with acute polioencephalomalacia (cerebrocortical necrosis) were compared with rumen contents from a healthy steer fed a fibrous diet. Also examined were (i) the quantitative nature of the predominant rumen microflora, (ii) the distribution of morphologic types of bacteria in the rumen contents, (iii) the extent that morphologic groups produced or degraded thiamine, and (iv) the cumulative effects of metabolic activities of the predominant rumen bacteria concerning the net production or degradation of thiamine. The differences in the frequency of occurrence of particular bacterial morphologic groups, the extent of growth, and the amount of thiamine metabolism in relationship to growth were also evaluated. The cumulative thiamine metabolism of the predominant bacteria associated with the rumen of polioencephalomalacia-affected heifers led to substantial net thiamine destruction, whereas metabolism associated with the rumen of a normal steer led to thiamine production. Polioencephalomalacia may occur as a consequence of alteration of the metabolic activities of the predominant resident ruminal bacteria associated with diseased cattle.  相似文献   

Infection of cattle in Queensland with bluetongue viruses: I. prevalence of antibodies II. distribution of antibodies     

TD ST  GEORGE LF MELVILLE 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(9):358-359

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THE ISOLATION OF A ROSS RIVER VIRUS FROM A HORSE   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. R. R. PASCOE  T.D. ST  GEORGE D. H. CYBINSKI 《Australian veterinary journal》1978,54(12):600-600

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LH release and ovulation in the prepuberal lamb     

E L Squires  R J Scaramuzzi  B V Caldwell  E K Inskeep 《Journal of animal science》1972,34(4):614-619

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The isolation of five different viruses of the epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer serogroup   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

T. D. ST. GEORGE  D. H. CYBINSKI  H. A. STANDFAST  G. P. GARD  A. J. DELLA-PORTA 《Australian veterinary journal》1983,60(7):216-217

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The isolation of a bluetongue virus from Culicoides brevitarsis     

T. D. ST GEORGE  M. J. MULLER 《Australian veterinary journal》1984,61(3):95-95

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An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections resulting from horse to human transmission in a veterinary hospital     

Weese JS  Caldwell F  Willey BM  Kreiswirth BN  McGeer A  Rousseau J  Low DE 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,114(1-2):160-164

There are increasing reports of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and colonization in horses and evidence that MRSA can be transmitted between horses and humans. The objective of this study was to investigate reports of skin infection in personnel working with a foal with community-associated MRSA colonization and subsequent infection. Clinical diagnostic specimens were collected from individuals reporting skin lesions following contact with the affected foal. Nasal and groin screening swabs were collected from other veterinary personnel that attended a voluntary screening clinic. MRSA skin infections were identified in three neonatal intensive care unit personnel. Nasal colonization was subsequently identified in 10/103 (9.7%) other veterinary hospital personnel. Isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, classified as Canadian epidemic MRSA-5, possessed SCCmecIV, were negative for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin and were multidrug resistant. Transmission to veterinary personnel despite short-term contact with standard protective barriers highlights the potential importance of MRSA as an emerging zoonotic pathogen, and indicates that further evaluation of interspecies transmission of MRSA and means to prevent zoonotic infection are required.  相似文献