Accuracy of the Rotfinder instrument in detecting decay on Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees     

Jonàs Oliva  Carmen RomeraloJan Stenlid 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(8):1378-1386

Rotfinder is a non-destructive decay-sensing apparatus based on resistance measurements in standing trees. The accuracy of Rotfinder in detecting decay was evaluated in 500 standing trees in three Norway spruce (Picea abies) plots. Trees were measured at three heights, 0.30, 0.66 and 1.30 m. Sections were later inspected for the presence of decay and reaction zones. Inspected trees were mostly infected by Heterobasidion annosum and showed a large variation in the amount of decay present, ranging from 0.1% to 88.0% of the section. Correctly and incorrectly classified trees were compared in terms of ion and element concentration, density and moisture. Measurements at stump level (0.30 m) were more accurate than measurements at breast height (1.30 m) where the reaction zone and decay columns showed lower moisture content. The accuracy of Rotfinder increased when trees with small decay columns were regarded as ‘non-decayed’. When only trees with more than 15% of the section decayed were regarded as ‘decayed’, Rotfinder had an accuracy of 0.86 when performing assessments at stump level. False negatives, as opposed to true positives, corresponded to trees with smaller and drier decay columns, drier reaction zones and lower K⁺ (potassium) concentration in the decay column. False positives corresponded to trees with large sapwood and high sodium content in the sapwood. Rotfinder represents an alternative to the standard method of using increment core observations to assess decay in living trees.  相似文献   

Laboratory characterization of firebrands involved in spot fires     

Anne Ganteaume  Mercedes Guijarro  Marielle Jappiot  Carmen Hernando  Corinne Lampin-Maillet  Pedro Pérez-Gorostiaga  José A. Vega 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(3):531-541

• Introduction  

Wildfires are considered the most important disturbance in the Mediterranean Basin, and some are propagated over long distances due to lift-off and ignition of firebrands.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal heterogeneity effects on seedling growth and establishment in four <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus</Emphasis> species     

Victoria González-Rodríguez  Rafael Villar  Raquel Casado  Elena Suárez-Bonnet  José Luis Quero  Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(7):1217-1232

Introduction   

The great spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Mediterranean ecosystems can influence establishment success in woody species, whose natural regeneration occurs to a very small extent. In this work, the effect of the spatial pattern of environmental variables (light availability, soil moisture and herbaceous production) on seedling emergence, growth, survival and establishment success was examined by using a spatially explicit approach.  相似文献   

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cottonseed protein   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

A Arzú  H Mayorga  J González  C Rolz 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1972,20(4):805-809

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Determination of Ploidy Level and Nuclear DNA Content in Tunisian Populations of Atriplex halimus L.     

Kheiria Hcini  David J. Walker  Sadok Bouzid  Elena González  Nora Frayssinet  Enrique Correal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(1):1-5

Atriplex halimus L. (Chenopodiaceae) (Saltbush) is a perennial species used as a fodder shrub for livestock in arid and semi-arid areas, particularly in North Africa. The aim of this work was to determine whether differences in ploidy level and/or nuclear DNA content exist among populations from widely-separated sites in Tunisia. We determined nuclear DNA content and chromosome numbers for populations of A. halimus from seven different locations (Gabes, Medenine, Tataouine, Monastir, Tunis, Sidi Bouzid, Kairouan). The chromosome counts showed that all the Tunisian populations, plus a population from Eraclea (Italy), were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) whereas a population from Cala Tarida (Spain) was diploid (2n = 2x = 18). With respect to nuclear DNA, the 2C DNA content of population Cala Tarida was estimated to be 2.41 pg. There was no significant difference among the tetraploid populations (or among plants within populations), whose 2C DNA content ranged from 4.92 to 4.97 pg.  相似文献   

Diterpenes from Salvia broussonetii transformed roots and their insecticidal activity   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Fraga BM  Díaz CE  Guadaño A  González-Coloma A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(13):5200-5206

The new diterpenes brussonol (1) and iguestol (6alpha,11-dihydroxy-12-methoxy-abieta-8,11,13-triene) (2) with an icetexane and a dehydroabietane skeleton, respectively, have been isolated from hairy root cultures of Salvia broussonetii. Other previously known diterpenes, 7-oxodehydroabietane, 11-hydroxy-12-methoxyabietatriene, taxodione, inuroyleanol, ferruginol, deoxocarnosol 12-methyl ether, cryptojaponol, pisiferal, sugiol, isomanool, 14-deoxycoleon U, 6alpha-hydroxydemethylcryptojaponol, demethylsalvicanol, and demethylcryptojaponol, were also obtained from these roots. The insect antifeedant and toxic effects of several of these compounds were investigated against the insect pests Spodoptera littoralis and Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Additionally, their comparative cytotoxic effects were tested on insect Sf9 and mammalian CHO cells. Demethylsalvicanol (4) was a moderate antifeedant to L. decemlineata, whereas brussonol (1) was inactive. 14-Deoxycoleon U (15) was the strongest antifeedant, whereas demethylcryptojaponol (11) was toxic to this insect. None of these compounds had antifeedant or negative effects on S. littoralis ingestion or weight gains after oral administration. Demethylcryptojaponol (11) was cytotoxic to mammalian CHO and insect Sf9 cell lines, followed by the icetexane derivative brussonol (1), with moderate cytotoxicity in both cases. The remainder of the test compounds showed a strong selective cytotoxicty to insect Sf9 cells, with demethylsalvicanol (4) being the most active.  相似文献   

Effect of accelerated autolysis of yeast on the composition and foaming properties of sparkling wines elaborated by a champenoise method     

Nunez YP  Carrascosa AV  González R  Polo MC  Martínez-Rodríguez AJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7232-7237

Five mutants (obtained by UV mutagenesis) and the parent strain were selected to produce sparkling wines following the traditional or champenoise method. The wines were aged with the yeast for 9 months, with samples being taken each month for analytical and sensory determinations. The wines elaborated with mutant strain IFI473I demonstrated an accelerated release of protein, amino acids, and polysaccharides. An analysis of the secreted polysaccharides revealed that mannose was the major sugar present. The effects of the products released by yeasts on the foaming properties of the wines were determined by both sensory and instrumental analysis. In all cases, the wines elaborated with mutant strain IFI473I showed improved foaming properties as compared to wines fermented without this strain. Similar results were obtained at a decreased aging time of 6 months, thereby confirming the capacity of IFI473I strain to carry out an accelerated autolysis. These results demonstrate that mutant strain IFI473I can significantly reduce production times of high-quality sparkling wines.  相似文献   

Food consumption patterns in the adult population of the Basque Country (EINUT-I)     

Aranceta J  Pérez Rodrigo C  Eguileor I  Marzana I  González de Galdeano L  Saenz de Buruaga J 《Public health nutrition》1998,1(3):185-192

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Controlled release of carbofuran from an alginate-bentonite formulation: water release kinetics and soil mobility   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Fernández-Pérez M  Villafranca-Sánchez M  González-Pradas E  Martinez-López F  Flores-Céspedes F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(3):938-943

The insecticide-nematicide carbofuran was incorporated in alginate-based granules to obtain controlled-release (CR) properties. The basic formulation [sodium alginate (1.61%)-carbofuran (0. 59%)-water] was modified by addition of sorbents. The effect on carbofuran release rate, caused by the incorporation of natural and acid-treated bentonite (0.5 and 1.0 M H(2)SO(4)) in alginate formulation, was studied by immersion of the granules in water under shaking. The time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released into water, t(50), was longer for those formulations containing natural bentonite (6.1 h) or acid-treated bentonite (9.0 and 11.7 h for 0.5 and 1.0 M H(2)SO(4) treatments, respectively) than for the preparation without bentonite (4.7 h). It appears from the results that the release of carbofuran from the various formulations is controlled by a diffusion mechanism according to the n values obtained, which were close to 0.5 in all cases. The mobility of carbofuran from alginate-based CR formulations was investigated by using soil columns packed with a clay soil (53% clay and 0.08% organic matter). Two alginate-based CR formulations containing natural bentonite or acid-treated bentonite (0.5 M H(2)SO(4)) were compared to technical grade carbofuran. The use of alginate-based CR formulations resulted in a reduction of the leached amount of carbofuran compared with the total amount of pesticide leached using the technical product (50 and 75% for CR granules containing natural and acid-treated bentonite, respectively). Alginate-bentonite CR formulations might be efficient systems for reducing carbofuran leaching in clay soils, which would reduce the risk of groundwater pollution.  相似文献   

PCR-SSCP: a simple method for the authentication of grouper (Epinephelus guaza), wreck fish (Polyprion americanus), and Nile perch (Lates niloticus) fillets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Asensio L  González I  Fernández A  Rodríguez MA  Hernández PE  García T  Martín R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(4):1720-1723

A method of DNA analysis has been developed to verify the authenticity of grouper (Epinephelus guaza), wreck fish (Polyprion americanus), and Nile perch (Lates niloticus) fillets. A short fragment (208 bp) of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism to get species-specific patterns of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). DNA strands were separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Discrimination among the three fish species studied was possible, because each one expressed a specific ssDNA pattern.  相似文献