Evaluation of poultry by‐product meal as partial replacement of fish meal in practical diets for juvenile tench (Tinca tinca L.)          下载免费PDF全文

Álvaro González‐Rodríguez  Jesús D Celada  José M Carral  María Sáez‐Royuela  Vanesa García  Juan B Fuertes 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(5):1612-1621

The aim of this study was to evaluate different replacement levels of fish meal (FM) by poultry by‐product meal (PBM) on survival, growth performance and body composition of juvenile tench (Tinca tinca). A 90‐day experiment was conducted with 5 month‐old juveniles (31.95 mm total length, 0.396 g weight). Eight practical diets (50% crude protein) differing in the level of replacement of FM protein by PMB protein were tested: 0% (control), 25%, 31%, 37%, 43%, 49%, 55% and 61% corresponding to 0, 184.8, 229.2, 273.5, 317.8, 362.1, 406.5 or 450.8 g PBM kg^?1 diet respectively. Significant differences were not found (P > 0.05) between 25% replacement of FM protein by PBM protein (184.8 g kg^?1 PBM in diet) and control diet. At higher replacement levels, fish had significantly lower growth, higher feed conversion ratio and lower protein productive value (P < 0.05). Fish with externally visible deformities ranged from 1.1% to 3.3%. The relation among amino acid profiles of the diets, body composition, growth performance of juveniles and amino acid requirements of other fish species is discussed. Up to 184.8 g PBM kg^?1 diet can be included in diets for juvenile tench without impairing growth performance.  相似文献   

Herbaceous plants as part of biological filter for aquaponics system          下载免费PDF全文

Elvia A Espinosa Moya  César A Angel Sahagún  J Mario Mendoza Carrillo  Pedro J Albertos Alpuche  C Alfonso Álvarez‐González  Rosario Martínez‐Yáñez 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(6):1716-1726

Aquaponics is a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), where plants and aquatic animals are grown using the same water. In these systems, plants act as part of biological filters. The cultivation of O. basilicum, Menta x piperita and M. spicata is commonly integrated to the production of O. niloticus in aquaponics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of these herbs as part of biological filters for tilapia intensive production in aquaponics. Various physicochemical parameters were evaluated as water quality indicators. N and P content in the different elements of the system were also measured. Results showed that for tilapia growing the three herbaceous evaluated could be used as part of the biological filters in aquaponics, because they remove significant concentration in nitrogen compounds and phosphates; however, there were no differences among species. There was a positive relationship between the time and the levels of NH₄ and therefore NO₃^? in the water. The pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen were kept at appropriate ranges for tilapia. The electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were in suitable levels for growing herbaceous, which adapted to flooded substrates, with water constantly moving and high concentration of dissolved oxygen. A key parameter to consider is the oxygen concentration in water when herbaceous is used in aquaponics, due to the high input of this element for these species need, especially basil. Tilapia largely incorporated N and P entering the system.  相似文献   

Feeding physiology and scope for growth of the oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein, 1951) acclimated to different conditions of temperature and salinity     

Juan Eduardo Guzmán-Agüero  Mario Nieves-Soto  Miguel Ángel Hurtado  Pablo Piña-Valdez  María del Carmen Garza-Aguirre 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(2):283-297

There is a particular interest in Mexico for the grow-out and breeding in captivity of the native oyster Crassostrea corteziensis. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the effect of temperature and salinity on the feeding physiology that maximizes the growth and eventually achieves the maturation of C. corteziensis. Our aim was to evaluate the filtration and clearance rates, oxygen consumption, ammonium excretion rates, assimilation efficiency, and scope for growth of the oyster C. corteziensis acclimated during 2 weeks to different combinations of temperature (23, 26, 29, and 32 °C) and salinity (20, 30, 40, and 50 psu). Oysters were fed with a standard suspension of the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri as total particulate matter, which was supplied at 4.2 L h^?1 into 10 1-L tanks used as experimental chambers. The results showed that filtration and clearance rates increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing salinity, with the highest values obtained at 29 °C and 20 psu. Ammonium excretion and, to lesser extent, oxygen consumption matched with the variations in the feeding rate. The values of the scope for growth (SFG) suggested that C. corteziensis is able to grow out in all combinations of temperatures and salinities tested in this work. However, the SFG decreased at higher salinity (50 psu) in both extreme temperatures (23 and 32 °C), with highest value occurring at intermediate temperature and the lowest salinity. The SFG increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing salinity, which was explained by the increase in the feeding rates and ammonium excretion, coupled with higher absorption efficiency of the food. We concluded that higher filtrations and scope for growth of oysters occurred at 29 °C in brackish-water (20 psu) rather than in marine-water conditions. The results obtained can be considered highly useful information for aquacultural management of this oyster species, and useful to establish suitable sites to enhance their cultivation and maximize the growth of C. corteziensis.  相似文献   

Effect of fungicides on the complex of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> species and saprophytic fungi colonizing wheat kernels     

Carmen Müllenborn  Ulrike Steiner  Michael Ludwig  Erich-Christian Oerke 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(2):157-166

Fusarium head blight of wheat, often associated with mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is caused by various Fusarium species. The efficacy of fungicide sprays for the control of the disease and mycotoxins varies from being highly effective to even increasing mycotoxin levels. The potential role of antagonistic fungi in this variability was investigated assessing sensitivity of Fusarium species and saprophytic fungi colonizing wheat kernels to fungicides. Saprophytes were tested for their antagonistic activity to the prevalent Fusarium species Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium poae. Fungal isolates from mature winter wheat kernels were Alternaria alternata, Arthrinium sp., Aspergillus niger, Epicoccum sp., Microdochium spp., Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma sp. In dual culture A. niger, R. oryzae and Trichoderma hamatum were more effective in reducing mycelial growth of Fusarium species than Microdochium majus; A. alternata and Epicoccum sp. were ineffective because of slow growth rates. Saprophytic fungi were sensitive to triazoles; however, prothioconazole and tebuconazole had stronger effects on mycelial growth of Fusarium species. ED₅₀ values also indicated significant differences in the sensitivity of Fusarium species to triazoles (range 0.1–1.7 mg l⁻¹). Azoxystrobin and fluoxastrobin were largely ineffective in inhibiting in vitro growth of Fusarium spp.; sensitivity of the other fungi was generally lower, except for M. majus which was highly sensitive. Due to differences in fungicide sensitivity among Fusarium spp. and ear-colonizing fungi antagonistic to Fusarium spp. fungicides are likely to modify the balance within the mycoflora of wheat ears which may also affect the mycotoxin contamination of grain.  相似文献   

Sequence analysis within the RNA 3 of seven Spanish tomato isolates of Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV-T) reveals important structural differences with the parietaria isolates (PMoV)     

Luis Galipienso  María del Carmen Herranz  Carmelo López  Vicente Pallás  José Aramburu 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(2):125-135

The genomic regions encoding the putative movement protein (MP), coat protein (CP) and intergenic region (IGR) of seven Spanish isolates of the Parietaria mottle virus which infects tomato plants (PMoV-T) were sequenced. Values for the genetic diversity of the PMoV-T isolates were 0.056, 0.047 and 0.013 for the CP, MP genes and IGR, respectively. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparison of the seven PMoV-T isolates with those of PMoV revealed significant differences. All of them had a cytosine deletion at position 1366, also confirmed in an Italian tomato isolate, which involves a start codon for the CP gene different from that for the PMoV sequence, resulting in a CP 16 amino acids shorter than the PMoV CP. The certainty of a cytosine deletion only associated to the tomato isolates or the possibility of a mistake in the PMoV published sequence are the two hypotheses that could explain this difference. Structural motifs highly conserved in Ilarviruses were identified in PMoV-T MP and CP. A stable hairpin structure is proposed for IGR, by the initiation site for subgenomic RNA 4 synthesis. Phylogenetic analysis of CP and MP amino acid sequences showed that Spanish PMoV-T isolates form a separate group from PMoV and other members of the Ilarvirus genus. Comparative analysis with different PMoV isolates including tomato isolates from other regions and isolates from different hosts are necessary to confirm this differentiation.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary administration of a probiotic strain Shewanella putrefaciens on senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis,Kaup 1858) growth,body composition and resistance to Photobacterium damselae subsp piscicida     

Inés García de la Banda  Carmen Lobo  Mariana Chabrillón  Juan Manuel León‐Rubio  Salvador Arijo  Gema Pazos  Luisa María Lucas  Miguel Ángel Moriñigo 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(5):662-669

Probiotics are currently being supplemented to cultured fish due to their benefits for fish performance. Herein, we tested the health protection and nutritional effects of probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens (Pdp11 strain), both fresh and lyophilized cells, on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles. Pdp11 was incorporated into fish feed at concentration of 10⁹ cells g^?1, and then provided to juvenile sole for 2 months. Growth rates were significantly higher in fish fed the fresh probiotic compared with fish fed the control diet. Growth of fish receiving lyophilized bacteria was not improved when compared with controls. Body compositions (protein, total lipids and fatty acids profile) were similar for each dietary treatment. At the end of the study, fish were challenged by intraperitoneal inoculation with a pathogenic strain of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Relative percentages of survival (RPS) ranged between 25% and 43.8% for fish receiving both probiotic supplemented diets. Both fresh and lyophilized Pdp11 cells conferred protection against P. damselae subsp. piscicida. However, only fresh Pdp11 enhanced Senegal sole performance. These findings should be taken into account for industry purposes in which lyophilized Pdp11 might be easier to manage.  相似文献   

Ontogenetic variation of food intake and gut evacuation rate in larvae of the doncella Pseudoplatystoma punctifer,as measured using a non‐destructive method     

Etienne Baras  Grace V. Montalvan Naranjos  Dustin V. Silva del Aguila  Fred Chu Koo  Rémi Dugué  Carlos Chavez  Fabrice Duponchelle  Jean‐François Renno  C. Carmen Garcia‐Dávila  Jesus Nuñez 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(12):1764-1776

Food intake (FI) and gut evacuation (Rg) were measured in larvae of Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (4.5–18.4 mm SL) fed Artemia nauplii, taking advantage of the translucence of their abdominal region to achieve this in a non‐destructive way, using digital photographs and mathematical reconstruction of gut volume content (ellipsoidal and cylindrical models for stomach and intestine respectively). The inaccuracy of the method, with reference to counts of nauplii following fish dissection, was low (2.9 ± 1.5%) and independent of fish size (P = 0.6153). Pigmentation hampered measurement in fish >18–19 mm SL. Anaesthesia was needed in fish >9.5 mm SL, thereby preventing the measurement of Rg in individual fish. The FI increased rapidly during the ontogeny, passing from <7% M at 0.6 mg, to 14% M at 1 mg and 21% M at 15–40 mg, and then decreased slightly in larger fish. At 28.5°C, Rg (% M h^?1) was modelled as Rg = ?8.22 + 12.11 log FI + 6.30 log M – 12.67 (log M)² (R² = 0.904, d.f. = 27, with FI in% M and M in mg). Extrapolations of Rg over 24 h gave estimates of daily food rations that fit well with those measured in cannibalistic P. punctifer.  相似文献   

Antioxidant Capacity and Antimutagenic Activity of Anthocyanin and Carotenoid Extracts from Nixtamalized Pigmented Creole Maize Races (Zea mays L.)     

Sandra Mendoza-Díaz  Ma. del Carmen Ortiz-Valerio  Eduardo Castaño-Tostado  Juan de Dios Figueroa-Cárdenas  Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho  Minerva Ramos-Gómez  Rocio Campos-Vega  Guadalupe Loarca-Piña 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(4):442-449

Nixtamalization process is the first step to obtain maize based products, like tortillas; however, in both the traditional and commercial processes, white grain is generally preferred. Creole maize races, mainly pigmented varieties, have increasingly attention since these are rich in anthocyanins and carotenoids. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of rich anthocyanins and carotenoids extracts from creole maize races before (grain) and after (masa and tortilla) the nixtamalization process. Most anthocyanins and carotenoids were lost during nixtamalization. Before nixtamalization, blue and red genotypes contained either higher antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin contents (963?±?10.0 and 212.36?±?0.36 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside eq/100 g, respectively) than the white and yellow genotypes. However, the highest carotenoid levels were displayed by red grains (1.01?±?0.07 to 1.14?±?0.08 μg of β-carotene eq/g extract). Anthocyanins losses were observed when the blue grains were processed into masa (83 %) and tortillas (64 %). Anthocyanins content correlated with antiradical activity (r?=?0.57) and with 2-aminoanthracene -induced mutagenicity inhibition on TA98 and TA100 (r?=??0.62 and r?=??0.44, respectively). For white grains, nixtamalization also reduced carotenoids (53 to 56 %), but not antioxidant activity and 2-Aa-induced mutagenicity. Throughout the nixtamalization process steps, all the extracts showed antimutagenic activity against 2-aminoanthracene—induced mutagenicity (23 to 90 %), displaying higher potential to inhibit base changes mutations than frameshift mutations in the genome of the tasted microorganism (TA100 and TA98, respectively). The results suggest that even though there were pigment losses, creole maize pigments show antioxidant and antimutagenic activities after nixtamalization process.  相似文献   

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a therapeutic agent for pain     

Nieto FR  Cobos EJ  Tejada MÁ  Sánchez-Fernández C  González-Cano R  Cendán CM 《Marine drugs》2012,10(2):281-305

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels according to their sensitivity to this toxin. Alterations in the expression and/or function of some specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs have been implicated in a number of chronic pain conditions. The administration of TTX at doses below those that interfere with the generation and conduction of action potentials in normal (non-injured) nerves has been used in humans and experimental animals under different pain conditions. These data indicate a role for TTX as a potential therapeutic agent for pain. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential analgesic role for TTX. In addition, the contribution of specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs to pain is reviewed.  相似文献   

seco-Briarellinone and Briarellin S, Two New Eunicellin-Based Diterpenoids from the Panamanian Octocoral Briareum asbestinum     

Jos�� F��lix G��mez-Reyes  Ana Salazar  H��ctor M. Guzm��n  Yisett Gonz��lez  Patricia L. Fern��ndez  Armando Ariza-Castolo  Marcelino Guti��rrez 《Marine drugs》2012,10(11):2608-2617

Two new eunicellin-based diterpenes, seco-briarellinone (1) and briarellin S (2), and a known seco-asbestinin (3) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the common octocoral Briareum asbestinum collected in Bocas del Toro, Caribbean of Panama. The structures and relative stereochemistry of the compounds were defined using extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D, 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). compounds 1 and 2 displayed anti-inflammatory properties inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolisacharide (LPS) in macrophages with an Inhibitory concentration 50% (IC₅₀) of 4.7 μM and 20.3 μM, respectively. This is the first report of briarellin diterpenes containing a ketone group at C-12.  相似文献