Livelihood Improvements Through Agroforestry: Evidence from Northern Bangladesh     

Md. Abu Hanif  Ranjan Mitra Roy  Md. Shafiqul Bari  Polash Chandra Ray  Md. Shoaibur Rahman  Md. Faruq Hasan 《Small-Scale Forestry》2018,17(4):505-522

Agroforestry is one of the most sustainable land management systems practiced around the world due to the socioeconomic benefits that it brings to farmers. In Bangladesh, farmers practice agroforestry, applying indigenous knowledge. The present study was designed to identify the present status, management practices and its role in improving the livelihoods of farmers in northern Bangladesh. Data for the study were collected through quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 29 tree and 38 agricultural crop species were planted by the102 farmers interviewed. Mangifera indica (relative prevalence 49%) is the most predominant species, followed by Eucalyptus camaldulensis (relative prevalence 35.4%). Farmers of northern Bangladesh plant trees in cropland for fruits (90%), fuel wood (87%) and timber production (79%). Fruit trees were planted with wider spacing while forest and fuel wood species were planted with narrower spacing. Farmer’s livelihoods improved enormously by practicing agroforestry as they have more access to food, fodder and fuel wood which is reflected by greater access to livelihood capitals (except social capital). However, farmers have experienced increased incidences of pests and diseases to the annual crops and trees. Agroforestry practices increases species diversity, ensure economic return and sustain farmer’s livelihoods.  相似文献   

Heterologous expression of Lolium perenne antifreeze protein confers chilling tolerance in tomato     

Srinivasan Balamurugan  Jayan Susan Ann  Inchakalody P Varghese  Shanmugaraj Bala Murugan  Mani Chandra Harish  Sarma Rajeev Kumar  Ramalingam Sathishkumar 《农业科学学报》2018,17(5):1128-1136

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Informative ISSR Markers Help Identify Genetically Distinct Accessions of Oryza rufipogon in Yield Improvement     

Haritha G.  Sudhakar T.  Chandra D.  Ram T.  Divya B.  Sarla N. 《水稻科学》2016,23(5):225

Inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR) polymorphism was used to determine genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in 90 genotypes of wild and cultivated species of Oryza from different geographical regions of the world. In all the 17 primers used in ISSR-PCR, a total of 11 464 bands were amplified at 253 band positions/loci. The primer UBC-809 amplified the maximum bands(1 059) at 21 band positions. UBC-810 and UBC-835 amplified the minimum of 391 bands each at 7 and 14 band positions, respectively. The mean polymorphism information content ranged from 0.44 to 0.84 and resolving power ranged from 8.69 to 23.53. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram and population structure based on the 17 primers separated all genotypes into 4 major clusters with a genetic similarity of 53%–100%. The first two clusters consisted of 30 O. rufipogon accessions each. In the third cluster, O. nivara and O. longistaminata grouped as one sub-cluster and all other O. nivara accessions and cultivars grouped as another sub-cluster. The fourth cluster had only five O. rufipogon accessions which can be a source of new genes. Four sub-populations were identified within O. rufipogon and two sub-populations within O. nivara at K = 7. A subset of six primers with high resolving power values were the most informative and grouped all genotypes almost similarly as the 17 primers did. Use of these six highly informative primers in ISSR-PCR is a cost effective and robust method for assessing genetic diversity in large germplasm collections of wild rice species.  相似文献   

Diversity of bacterial communities in the midgut of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations and their potential use as attractants          下载免费PDF全文

Ashok B Hadapad  Chandra S Prabhakar  Snehal C Chandekar  Jyoti Tripathi  Ramesh S Hire 《Pest management science》2016,72(6):1222-1230

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Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling sucrose content based on an enriched genetic linkage map of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) cultivar ‘LCP 85-384’     

Pingwu Liu  Amaresh Chandra  Youxiong Que  Ping-Hua Chen  Michael P. Grisham  William H. White  Caleb D. Dalley  Thomas L. Tew  Yong-Bao Pan 《Euphytica》2016,207(3):527-549

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Degradation of AM Nitrification Inhibitor in Soil of Subtropical Region     

Anjana Srivastava  Kailash Singh Rawat  Santosh Chandra Bhatt  Deepa Rawat  Prakash Chandra Srivastava 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(17):1961-1966

The aim of the study was to evaluate the degradation and persistence of 2-amino 4-chloro 6-methyl pyrimidine (AM), nitrification inhibitor at 1 and 2 µg g^?1 application rates in soil. The extraction of AM was done by QuEChER’s (Quick, Easy. Cheap. Rugged and Safe) method and the quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AM decreased with time at both the levels of application with the decline being faster in the beginning up to 7 d. Dissipation of AM occurred in a single phase with the persistence data fitting well to the first-order kinetics. Half-lives of AM were determined to be 14.33 and 16.7 d at 1 and 2 µg g^–1 levels application rates. Since AM remains effective for an adequate period of time, it can be used for increasing efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizers in rice–wheat cropping systems as well as a safeguard for controlling environmental pollution in subtropical soils.  相似文献   

Labile soil organic carbon,soil fertility,and crop productivity as influenced by manure and mineral fertilizers in the tropics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Siba Prasad Datta  Raj Kumar Rattan  Suresh Chandra 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(5):715-726

In recent years, organic agriculture has been receiving greater attention because of the various problems like deterioration in soil health and environmental quality under conventional chemical‐intensive agriculture. However, little information is available on the comparative study related to the impact of use of mineral fertilizers and organic manures on the soil quality and productivity. A long‐term field experiment was initiated in 2001 to monitor some of the important soil‐quality parameters and productivity under soybean–wheat crop rotation. The treatments consisted of 0, 30, and 45 kg N ha^–1 for soybean and of 0, 120, and 180 kg N ha^–1 for wheat. The entire amount of N was supplied to both the crops through urea and farmyard manure (FYM) alone or in combination at 1:1 ratio. Results indicated that Walkley‐and‐Black C (WBC; chromic acid–oxidizable) exhibited a marginal increase under only organic treatments as compared to control treatment (without fertilizers and manure) after completion of five cropping cycles. In case of labile‐C (KMnO₄‐oxidizable) content in soil, relatively larger positive changes were recorded under organic, mixed inputs (integrated) and mineral fertilizers as compared to WBC. Maximum improvement in the values of C‐management index (CMI), a measure of soil quality was recorded under organic (348–362), followed by mixed inputs (268–322) and mineral fertilizers (198–199) as compared to the control treatment after completion of five cropping cycles. Similarly there was a substantial increase in KCl‐extractable N; in Olsen‐P; as well as in DTPA‐extractable Zn, Fe, and Mn under organic treatments. Although labile soil C positively contributed to the available N, P, K, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents in soil, it did not show any relationship with the grain yield of wheat. After completion of the sixth cropping cycle, organic treatments produced 23% and 39% lower grain yield of wheat as compared to that under urea‐treated plots. Relatively higher amount of mineral N in soil at critical growth stages and elevated N content in plant under mineral‐fertilizer treatments compared to FYM treatments were responsible for higher yield of wheat under mineral fertilizers.  相似文献   

Cloning and expression analysis of a cDNA partially encoding glutamate dehydrogenase in lettuce during storage     

Dulal Chandra  Toshiyuki Matsui  Haruo Suzuki  Yusuke Kosugi  Koichi Fujimura 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(2):73-78

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Aroma profiles of the curry leaf, Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. chemotypes: Variability in north India during the year     

Ram Swaroop Verma  Rajendra Chandra PadaliaVinod Arya  Amit Chauhan 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):343-348

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae) is characterized by a large chemical intraspecific variability among the land races. This fact makes it difficult to detect real changes occurring in their essential oil composition during annual cycle. Based on this, variations of essential oil yield and composition in two chemotypes (‘A’ and ‘B’) of M. koenigii were assessed in spring, summer, rainy, autumn and winter seasons under foot hill conditions of northern India. The essential oil yield ranged from 0.15% to 0.18% in chemotype ‘A’, while it varied from 0.12% to 0.14% in chemotype ‘B’. Essential oils of both chemotypes from different seasons were analysed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of fifty-eight constituents representing 93.7-98.8% of chemotype ‘A’ and fifty-six constituents forming 96.1-98.7% of the total composition of chemotype ‘B’ were identified. Chemotype ‘A’ was characterized by higher percentages of α-pinene (34.6-41.9%), sabinene (26.1-36.1%), (E)-caryophyllene (2.4-5.4%) and terpinen-4-ol (1.5-5.3%), whereas chemotype ‘B’ was dominated by higher amount of α-pinene (52.7-65.3%), β-pinene (10.7-12.9%), (E)-caryophyllene (3.1-10.3%) and limonene (5.1-7.8%). Comparative results showed considerable variations in the essential oil composition of both chemotypes due to season of collection. Present study concluded that the M. koenigii leaves of desired quality may be obtained by selecting suitable chemotype and season.  相似文献   

Short Communication: Stocking Density-Dependant Growth and Survival of Asian Sun Catfish,Horabagrus brachysoma (Gunther 1864) Fry During Hatchery Rearing     

S. K. Sahoo  S. S. Giri  S. Chandra  A. K. Sahu 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):86-91

The present study was conducted to determine the optimum stocking density of Horabagrus brachysoma fry during fingerling production in the hatchery. For this purpose, four density levels (400, 800, 1200 and 1600 fry/0.6 m³) were considered. The experiment of fry rearing continued for a period of six weeks. The total length and wet weight of fry were significantly highest (P < 0.05) at 400 fry/0.6 m³ density compared to the other three density treatments during the entire rearing period. At harvesting, the length and weight of fry stocked at 1200 and 1600 numbers/0.6 m³ were similar to each other, and both were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of fish stocked at 800/0.6 m³. The decreased SGR, percent weight gain, and survival were also observed at the two highest density treatments. But the total biomass was observed to be highest (P < 0.05) at 1600/0.6 m³ density compared to those of the other three densities. If individual size and number of individuals for stocking are not constraints, the maximum number of surviving fry from a minimum rearing space was achieved at a stocking density of 1600 fry/0.6 m³ tank.  相似文献