Using monoclonal antibodies against the common epitopes of NSs proteins for the prompt detection and differentiation of tospoviruses prevalent in Euro-America and Asia Regions     

Tsung-Chi Chen  Wei-Ting Tsai  Ya-Chi Kang  Yun-Chi Wang  Shyi-Dong Yeh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,144(3):509-524

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Lipoxygenase from banana leaf: purification and characterization of an enzyme that catalyzes linoleic acid oxygenation at the 9-position     

Kuo JM  Hwang A  Yeh DB  Pan MH  Tsai ML  Pan BS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(8):3151-3156

The objective of the present study was to purify and characterize the lipoxygenase (LOX) from banana leaf (Giant Cavendishii, AAA), an unutilized bioresource. LOX was extracted, isolated, and purified 327-fold using 25-50% saturation of ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydroxyapatite column separation, and gel filtration on Superdex 200. The molecular mass of the purified LOX was 85 kDa, K(m) was 0.15 mM, and V(max) was 2.4 microM/min.mg using linoleic acid as substrate. Triton X-100 was required in the extraction medium; otherwise, no LOX activity was detected. LOX activity increased with the concentration of Triton X-100 with an optimum at 0.1%. The optimal pH of the purified LOX from banana leaf was 6.2, and optimal temperature was 40 degrees C. The LOX showed the highest reactivity toward 18:2 followed by 18:3 and 20:4. A very low reaction rate was observed toward 20:5 and 22:6. On the basis of retention time in normal phase HPLC, the products of 18:2 or 18:3 catalyzed by purified LOX were hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid or hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid. It seems that 9-LOX is the predominant enzyme in banana leaf. Banada leaf dried at 110 degrees C for 2 h developed algal aroma. Banana leaf extract stored at 10 degrees C for 12 h formed an oolong tea-like flavor. Banana leaf extract reacted with 18:2 or soybean oil pretreated with bacterial lipase produced green and melon-like aroma, whereas the same reaction with 18:3 produced a sweet, fruity, cucumber-like flavor note.  相似文献   

Production and characterization of human extracellular superoxide dismutase in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris     

Chen HL  Yen CC  Tsai TC  Yu CH  Liou YJ  Lai YW  Wang ML  Chen CM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(21):8041-8047

Reactive oxygen species are associated with various diseases including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and pulmonary diseases. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme secreted by cells to prevent overproduction of reactive oxygen species. We expressed an ECSOD gene isolated from a human aortic smooth muscle cDNA library in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. A synthetic secretion cassette was constructed with the inducible promoter of the alcohol oxidase 1 gene (AOX1) and the yeast alpha-mating factor signal peptide. As much as 25% of the total protein was ECSOD in some transformants grown under inducing conditions. After 36 h of methanol induction, ECSOD was exported into the culture medium at a concentration of approximately 440 mg/L with an antioxidative activity of 760 +/- 20 U/mg ECSOD. Transformed yeast cells were more resistant to heat shock and H(2)O(2) oxidative stress, indicating that the human ECSOD expressed by P. pastoris had multiple biological functions. Our data suggest that the methylotrophic yeast inducible system is suitable for large-scale production of enzymatically active human ECSOD.  相似文献   

A multi-gene analysis of diversity of bartonella detected in fleas from Algeria     

Bitam I  Rolain JM  Nicolas V  Tsai YL  Parola P  Gundi VA  Chomel BB  Raoult D 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2012,35(1):71-76

We report the molecular detection of several Bartonella species in 44 (21.5%) of 204 fleas from Algeria collected from 26 rodents and 7 hedgehogs. Bartonella elizabethae and B. clarridgeiae were detected in the fleas collected on hedgehogs. Bartonella tribocorum and B. elizabethae were detected in fleas collected from rats and mice, and sequences similar to an unnamed Bartonella sp. detected in rodents from China were detected in rats as well as a genotype of Bartonella closely related to Bartonella rochalimae detected in fleas collected on brown rats (Rattus norvegicus).  相似文献   

Effects of intumescent formulation for acrylic-based coating on flame-retardancy of painted red lauan (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Parashorea</Emphasis> spp.) thin plywood     

Chih-Shen Chuang  Kuang-Chung Tsai  Ming-Kuang Wang  Chia-Chih Ou  Chun-Han Ko  Ing-Luen Shiau 《Wood Science and Technology》2008,42(7):593-607

Acrylic emulsion based painted red lauan plywood (Parashorea spp.) is most commonly used for indoor furnishings. This study investigated the enhancement of the fire retardance of painted plywood by interaction among four major components of intumescent formulation: (1) acrylic emulsion resin as binder resin (BR), (2) pentaerythritol as carbonizing substance (CS), (3) melamine as foam producing substance (FPS) and (4) ammonium polyphosphate as dehydrating agent (DA). Effects of changing BR/CS ratios (designated as FRA series) and FPS/DA ratios (designated as FRM series) on flame-retardance of painted plywood were investigated using a cone calorimeter. The intumescent formulation significantly enhanced fire retardancy of painted plywood by exhibiting lower peak release rates and longer times to reach peak release rates, compared with uncoated plywood (UP) panel and plywood panel solely coated with acrylic emulsion resin. Lower BR content in the FRA series and lower FPS content in the FRM series were shown to enhance flame retardancy of painted plywood. The positive correlation between total heat release values under increasing combustion duration and incremental changes of BR and FPS contents in two series further verified the above findings. Consistent with the observed flame retardancy enhancement of painted plywood, lower heats of combustion and weight losses for paints in the FRM series were also identified by oxygen bomb calorimeter measurements and thermogravimetrical analysis. Infrared analysis of the chars indicated the formation of phosphate ester linkages with the lowest BR content in the FRA series and the lowest FPS content in the FRM series showing superior enhancements of flame retardancy for painted red lauan plywood.  相似文献   

Identification of natural variants affecting chlorophyll content dynamics during rice seedling development          下载免费PDF全文

Po‐Chun Lin  Yu‐Chang Tsai  Sheng‐Kai Hsu  Jen‐Hsiang Ou  Chen‐Tuo Liao  Chih‐Wei Tung 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):355-363

Seedling vigour is an important characteristic in relation to crop growth and yield. Traits such as photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll content contribute significantly to seedling establishment at the early growth stage in various crop species, including rice. A diverse panel of 227 rice varieties from several countries was evaluated to determine chlorophyll contents at multiple time points during the seedling stage using a soil–plant analysis development (SPAD) meter, a non‐destructive portable device. Using new statistical approaches, several chromosomal regions associated with variations in chlorophyll content in the third leaf at 13, 16 and 19 days after imbibition were detected. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) cluster on the end of chromosome 11 was significantly associated with the onset of leaf senescence. This region was enriched with genes related to cell death and the stress response. We have identified rice germplasm showing delayed‐senescence phenotypes, these could be suitable donors and genetic resources for breeding, and the use of significant SNP markers associated with these traits could enhance the efficiency of their selection in breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Radial growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cinnamomum kanehirae</Emphasis> Hayata displays a larger temperature sensitivity in dominant than codominant trees     

Ching-Chu Tsai  Li-Fen Hung  Jeng-Der Chung  Shiang-Jiuun Chen  Ching-Te Chien  Wen-Yuan Kao  Ling-Long Kuo-Huang 《Annals of Forest Science》2018,75(2):52

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A quantitative risk assessment model to evaluate effective border control measures for rabies prevention     

Hsin-Yi Weng  Pei-I Wu  Ping-Cheng Yang  Yi-Lun Tsai    Chao-Chin Chang 《Veterinary research》2010,41(1)

Border control is the primary method to prevent rabies emergence. This study developed a quantitative risk model incorporating stochastic processes to evaluate whether border control measures could efficiently prevent rabies introduction through importation of cats and dogs using Taiwan as an example. Both legal importation and illegal smuggling were investigated. The impacts of reduced quarantine and/or waiting period on the risk of rabies introduction were also evaluated. The results showed that Taiwan’s current animal importation policy could effectively prevent rabies introduction through legal importation of cats and dogs. The median risk of a rabid animal to penetrate current border control measures and enter Taiwan was 5.33 × 10⁻⁸ (95th percentile: 3.20 × 10⁻⁷). However, illegal smuggling may pose Taiwan to the great risk of rabies emergence. Reduction of quarantine and/or waiting period would affect the risk differently, depending on the applied assumptions, such as increased vaccination coverage, enforced custom checking, and/or change in number of legal importations. Although the changes in the estimated risk under the assumed alternatives were not substantial except for completely abolishing quarantine, the consequences of rabies introduction may yet be considered to be significant in a rabies-free area. Therefore, a comprehensive benefit-cost analysis needs to be conducted before recommending these alternative measures.  相似文献   

Toroidal dipolar response in a metamaterial     

Kaelberer T  Fedotov VA  Papasimakis N  Tsai DP  Zheludev NI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6010):1510-1512

Toroidal multipoles are fundamental electromagnetic excitations different from those associated with the familiar charge and magnetic multipoles. They have been held responsible for parity violation in nuclear and particle physics, but direct evidence of their existence in classical electrodynamics has remained elusive. We report on the observation of a resonant electromagnetic response in an artificially engineered medium, or metamaterial, that cannot be attributed to magnetic or charge multipoles and can only be explained by the existence of a toroidal dipole. Our direct experimental evidence of the toroidal response brings attention to the often ignored electromagnetic interactions involving toroidal multipoles, which could be present in naturally occurring systems, especially at the macromolecule level, where toroidal symmetry is ubiquitous.  相似文献   

Evaluation of plant seedling water stress using dynamic fluorescence index with blue LED-based fluorescence imaging     

Shih-Chieh Hsiao  I-Chang Yang  Chao-Yin Tsai  Feng-Jehng Wang  Tzong-Shyan Lin 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2010,72(2):127-133

A dynamic fluorescence image index system capable of non-destructive assessment of water stress in cabbage seedlings was developed. The quenching curves of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic to the plant's water stress status under reduced excitation energy were acquired via a multispectral imaging system. The dynamic fluorescence index (DFI), a fluorescence index derived from quantitative modeling of the quenching curves in this study, was found superior to conventional indices such as the fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd) in evaluating water stress status in cabbage seedlings, with respect to due mainly to its significantly reduced measuring time and enhanced precision of the chlorophyll fluorescence responses. The best results of the quantitative model to predict water stress status of seedlings using the dynamic fluorescence index were r = 0.944 and SEE = 0.286 MPa using the 720 nm channel. The blue (460 nm) LED-excited fluorescence multispectral imaging system (FMSIS) coupled with DFI provides a powerful research tool for plant physiology studies as well as for improving greenhouse and agriculture management practices where quantitative assessment of water potential in leafy plants is critical.  相似文献