Association of rumen fill score and energy status during the close‐up dry period with conception at first artificial insemination in dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

Chiho Kawashima  Chihiro Karaki  Megumi Munakata  Motozumi Matsui  Takashi Shimizu  Akio Miyamoto  Katsuya Kida 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(10):1218-1224

Recent studies have shown significant associations between prepartum energy status and postpartum fertility in dairy cows; therefore, the assessment of energy status by blood metabolites and metabolic hormones and suitable improvement of management during the prepartum period may enhance reproductive performance. Rumen fill score (RFS) is associated with feed intake; however, it is unknown whether RFS is also related to blood parameters. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between RFS and energy status during the prepartum period, and their associations with conception at first artificial insemination (AI) after parturition. In 42 multiparous Holstein cows, RFS assessment and blood sampling were carried out twice a week during 3 weeks of the peripartum period. Ovarian cycles until AI were evaluated by measuring milk progesterone levels. Before calving, positive correlations were observed between RFS and total cholesterol, and RFS did not change in pregnant cows at first AI after parturition, whereas in non‐pregnant cows, RFS decreased gradually as the calving day approached. After calving, non‐pregnant cows showed lower energy status compared with pregnant cows, and some non‐pregnant cows showed anovulation and cessation of estrous cycle. In conclusion, RFS during the close‐up dry period is related to real‐time energy status, and is associated with postpartum energy status and conception at first AI in dairy cows. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science  相似文献   

Are Landowners,Managers, and Range Management Academics on the Same Page About Conservation?     

Lina Aoyama  Lynn Huntsinger 《Herpetological Monographs》2019,41(1):61-69

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Ultrastructural Study on Colocalization of Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP)-1 with GLP-2 in Chicken Intestinal L-Cells     

Kei NISHIMURA  Kohzy HIRAMATSU  Mohammad M. MONIR  Chihiro TAKEMOTO  Takafumi WATANABE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(10):1335-1339

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Microtubule-severing activity of Shigella is pivotal for intercellular spreading   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshida S  Handa Y  Suzuki T  Ogawa M  Suzuki M  Tamai A  Abe A  Katayama E  Sasakawa C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5801):985-989

Some pathogenic bacteria actually invade the cytoplasm of their target host cells. Invasive bacteria acquire the propulsive force to move by recruiting actin and inducing its polymerization. Here we show that Shigella movement within the cytoplasm was severely hindered by microtubules and that the bacteria destroyed surrounding microtubules by secreting VirA by means of the type III secretion system. Degradation of microtubules by VirA was dependent on its alpha-tubulin-specific cysteine protease-like activity. virA mutants did not move within the host cytoplasm and failed to move into adjacent cells.  相似文献   

Determination of the geographic origin of onions between three main production areas in Japan and other countries by mineral composition     

Ariyama K  Aoyama Y  Mochizuki A  Homura Y  Kadokura M  Yasui A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(2):347-354

Onions (Allium cepa L.) are produced in many countries and are one of the most popular vegetables in the world, thus leading to an enormous amount of international trade. It is currently important that a scientific technique be developed for determining geographic origin as a means to detect fraudulent labeling. We have therefore developed a technique based on mineral analysis and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The onion samples used in this study were from Hokkaido, Hyogo, and Saga, which are the primary onion-growing areas in Japan, and those from countries that export onions to Japan (China, the United States, New Zealand, Thailand, Australia, and Chile). Of 309 samples, 108 were from Hokkaido, 52 were from Saga, 77 were from Hyogo, and 72 were from abroad. Fourteen elements (Na, Mg, P, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Cs, and Ba) in the samples were determined by frame atomic adsorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The models established by LDA were used to discriminate the geographic origin between Hokkaido and abroad, Hyogo and abroad, and Saga and abroad. Ten-fold cross-validations were conducted using these models. The discrimination accuracies obtained by cross-validation between Hokkaido and abroad were 100 and 86%, respectively. Those between Hyogo and abroad were 100 and 90%, respectively. Those between Saga and abroad were 98 and 90%, respectively. In addition, it was demonstrated that the fingerprint of an element pattern from a specific production area, which a crop receives, did not easily change by the variations of fertilization, crop year, variety, soil type, and production year if appropriate elements were chosen.  相似文献   

Pathogenicity of Fusarium solani associated with a bark beetle,Scolytogenes birosimensis,to Pittosporum tobira     

Yuichi Yamaoka  Daisuke Kuroki  Kyoko Matsutani  Tetsuya Aoyama  Hayato Masuya  Hisashi Kajimura 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(6):514-521

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Development of enzyme immunoassay for chromogranin A (CgA) and profiling of plasma CgA concentrations in the cow     

Chihiro Saito  Haruka Ido-Matsumoto  Hiromasa Kumazaki  Tomoaki Kubo  Tomomi Kanazawa  Toru Takahashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13542

The objectives of this study were to establish and characterize a homologous immunoassay for bovine chromogranin A (bCgA) and to profile plasma bCgA concentrations during early pregnancies. We synthesized oligopeptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 341–355 of bCgA for immunizing rabbits and peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 336–365 of bCgA for both a biotinylated tracer and reference standards. Recombinant bCgA protein was also generated in Escherichia coli lysate. Dose-dependent displacement curves were obtained from 1 to 1,000 nM of the reference standards. The displacement curves showed a good relationship between the reference standards of the synthetic peptide and the serially diluted plasma sample or recombinant bCgA protein generated in the present study. The assay sensitivity defined as the value of two standard deviations below the zero standard was calculated as 0.46 nM. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 6.48% and 13.4%, respectively. Changes in the plasma bCgA concentrations in early pregnancies undulated in nonpregnant animals. The results of the present study suggest that assaying plasma bCgA concentrations could be utilized as measures to evaluate the physiological status of cattle.  相似文献   

The effects of cisplatin,an emetic agent,on behavior and plasma cortisol levels in goats     

Masato Aoyama  Minami Shioya  Yume Tsukamoto  Hitomi Hasegawa  Shoei Sugita 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13607

Ruminants are not considered to experience nausea because they do not possess the emetic reflex. This study examined the effects of administration of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloro platinum (II): CDDP), a common emetic agent, on the behavior of goats. In Experiment 1, adult Shiba goats received intravenous (IV) administration of CDDP. CDDP-administered goats spent a shorter time feeding (P < 0.01), lied down earlier (P < 0.01), and spent a longer period lying down (P < 0.01) than the saline-administered control goats, and sometimes, they directed their face downward and close their eyes. These behavioral responses were followed by a significant (P < 0.01) increase in plasma cortisol (Cor) levels, which indicated that goats experienced stress. The dose dependency was found in the extent of the CDDP effects. In Experiment 2, the effects of pretreatment of ondansetron (Ond), an antiemetic agent, were examined. Pretreatment of Ond extended the latency of lying (P < 0.01), shortened the time spent lying (P < 0.05), and reduced the extent of the increase in plasma Cor levels (P < 0.01). These results suggested that CDDP administration generated some state of stress in goats via the similar physiological mechanisms as emesis-caused stress in emetic species.  相似文献   

Variation in the demographic characteristics of yellow‐phase Japanese eels in different habitats of the Hamana Lake system,Japan     

K. Yokouchi  J. Aoyama  H. P. Oka  K. Tsukamoto 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2008,17(4):639-652

Abstract – Yellow‐phase Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) were investigated in the Hamana Lake system, Japan, from 2003 to 2004 to understand how their demographic attributes vary within the lake system. A total of 779 yellow eels were collected during sampling in two inlet rivers and two brackish/saltwater lakes within the lake system. Female eels predominated, constituting 84% of the 75 sex‐determined eels in the river, and 50% of the 151 sex‐determined eels in the lakes. Total lengths (TL) of all eels examined ranged from 54.2 to 715.0 mm (mean = 320.4 ± 145.4 SD). In the inlet river, the TL of eels showed a significant positive relation with the distance from the river mouth. The estimated relative abundances of eels ranged from 0 to 1.8 eels·m^?2 effort (mean: 0.3 ± 0.41) in the river and was negatively correlated with the distance from the river mouth. This suggested that larger eels might tend to be distributed at lower abundances in upstream reaches of the river. Mean age of yellow eels determined by their otolith annuli was younger in the lake (N = 117, 3.3 ± 1.4 years) than in the river (N = 214, 4.3 ± 1.7 years). Growth rate was higher in the lake than in the river at age 1–2 years (131.9 and 104.4 mm·year^?1, respectively). The results of this study suggest that, although Japanese eels can adapt to various types of environments, significant differences can occur in population structures and growth patterns among habitats.  相似文献   

Multifunctional Alloys Obtained via a Dislocation-Free Plastic Deformation Mechanism     

Saito T  Furuta T  Hwang JH  Kuramoto S  Nishino K  Suzuki N  Chen R  Yamada A  Ito K  Seno Y  Nonaka T  Ikehata H  Nagasako N  Iwamoto C  Ikuhara Y  Sakuma T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5618):464-467

We describe a group of alloys that exhibit "super" properties, such as ultralow elastic modulus, ultrahigh strength, super elasticity, and super plasticity, at room temperature and that show Elinvar and Invar behavior. These "super" properties are attributable to a dislocation-free plastic deformation mechanism. In cold-worked alloys, this mechanism forms elastic strain fields of hierarchical structure that range in size from the nanometer scale to several tens of micrometers. The resultant elastic strain energy leads to a number of enhanced material properties.  相似文献