EVALUATION OF DIAPHRAGMATIC MOTION IN NORMAL AND DIAPHRAGMATIC PARALYZED DOGS USING M‐MODE ULTRASONOGRAPHY     

Mihyun Choi  Namsoon Lee  Ahyoung Kim  Seoyeon Keh  Jinsoo Lee  Hyunwook Kim  Mincheol Choi 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(1):102-108

Diagnosis of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in dogs is currently based on fluoroscopic detection of unequal movement between the crura. Bilateral paralysis may be more difficult to confirm with fluoroscopy because diaphragmatic movement is sometimes produced by compensatory abdominal muscle contractions. The purpose of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate diaphragmatic movement using M‐mode ultrasonography and to describe findings for normal and diaphragmatic paralyzed dogs. Fifty‐five clinically normal dogs and two dogs with diaphragmatic paralysis were recruited. Thoracic radiographs were acquired for all dogs and fluoroscopy studies were also acquired for clinically affected dogs. Two observers independently measured diaphragmatic direction of motion and amplitude of excursion using M‐mode ultrasonography for dogs meeting study inclusion criteria. Eight of the clinically normal dogs were excluded due to abnormal thoracic radiographic findings. For the remaining normal dogs, the lower limit values of diaphragmatic excursion were 2.85–2.98 mm during normal breathing. One dog with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis showed paradoxical movement of both crura at the end of inspiration. One dog with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis had diaphragmatic excursion values of 2.00 ± 0.42 mm on the left side and 4.05 ± 1.48 mm on the right side. The difference between left and right diaphragmatic excursion values was 55%. Findings indicated that M‐mode ultrasonography is a relatively simple and objective method for measuring diaphragmatic movement in dogs. Future studies are needed in a larger number of dogs with diaphragmatic paralysis to determine the diagnostic sensitivity of this promising new technique.  相似文献   

Comparison of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and melatonin receptor type 1B immunoreactivity between young adult and aged canine spinal cord     

Ji Hyeon Ahn  Joon Ha Park  In Hye Kim  Jae-Chul Lee  Bing Chun Yan  Min Sik Yong  Choong Hyun Lee  Jung Hoon Choi  Ki-Yeon Yoo  In Koo Hwang  Seung Myung Moon  Hyung-Cheul Shin  Moo-Ho Won 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(3):335-342

Melatonin affects diverse physiological functions through its receptor and plays an important role in the central nervous system. In the present study, we compared immunoreactivity patterns of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), an enzyme essential for melatonin synthesis, and melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) in the spinal cord of young adult (2~3 years) and aged (10~12 years) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AANAT-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of spinal neurons, and was significantly increased in aged dog spinal neurons compared to young adult spinal neurons. MT2-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of spinal neurons, and was predominantly increased in the margin of the neuron cytoplasm in aged spinal cord compared to that in the young adult dogs. These increased levels of AANAT and MT2 immunoreactivity in aged spinal cord might be a feature of normal aging and associated with a feedback mechanism that compensates for decreased production of melatonin during aging.  相似文献   

Cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of high-fat diet-fed mice are increased after rosiglitazone treatment     

Dae Young Yoo  Woosuk Kim  Dae Won Kim  Sung Min Nam  Hyo Young Jung  Jong Whi Kim  Choong Hyun Lee  Jung Hoon Choi  Moo-Ho Won  Yeo Sung Yoon  In Koo Hwang 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(1):27-33

In this study, we determined how rosiglitazone (RSG) differentially affected hippocampal neurogenesis in mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD; 60% fat). LFD and HFD were given to the mice for 8 weeks. Four weeks after initiating the LFD and HFD feeding, vehicle or RSG was administered orally once a day to both groups of mice. We measured cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus using Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX), respectively, as markers. In addition, we monitored the effects of RSG on the levels of DCX and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampal homogenates. At 8 weeks after the LFD feeding, the numbers of Ki67- and DCX-positive cells as well as hippocampal levels of DCX and BDNF were significantly decreased in the RSG-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, the numbers of Ki67- and DCX-positive cells along with hippocampal levels of DCX and BDNF in the HFD fed mice were significantly increased in the RSG-treated mice compared to the vehicle-treated group. Our data demonstrate that RSG can modulate the levels of BDNF, which could play a pivotal role in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.  相似文献   

Estimating water footprint of paddy rice in Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seung-Hwan Yoo  Jin-Yong Choi  Sang-Hyun Lee  Taegon Kim 《Paddy and Water Environment》2014,12(1):43-54

The purpose of this article is to examine the issues of low grain self-sufficiency and the high portion of agricultural water use in South Korea, and to trace the water footprint (WF) of rice products. In this study, different types of water use were described as green, blue, and gray WFs and were analysed using suitable estimation methods to determine irrigation water requirements in South Korea. Virtual water (VW) import and export of rice product were calculated based on international trade statistics during 2004–2009, and the WF of the national consumption was estimated. The WF of rice was 844.5 m³/ton, and green, blue, and gray water accounted for 294.5, 501.6, and 48.4 m³/ton, respectively. The VW import and export were 404.17 and 2.03 Mm³/year, respectively, against an import 199.5 times that of the export. Three countries (China, USA, and Thailand) accounted for over 95 % of the total VW imports of rice products into South Korea. The total WF was 5,712.08 Mm³/year, thus the WF per capita for rice was estimated at 118.1 m³/year. The internal WF of rice consumption was 5,308.05 Mm³/year, and the external WF was 404.03 Mm³/year. The WF of total agricultural water use should be analyzed for sustainable agricultural production and water management, and these results should be applied in establishing long-term policies for agricultural water resources.  相似文献   

Placotylene A,an Inhibitor of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation,from a Korean Sponge Placospongia sp.     

Hiyoung Kim  Kwang-Jin Kim  Jeong-Tae Yeon  Seong Hwan Kim  Dong Hwan Won  Hyukjae Choi  Sang-Jip Nam  Young-Jin Son  Heonjoong Kang 《Marine drugs》2014,12(4):2054-2065

A new inhibitor, placotylene A (1), of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, and a regioisomer of placotylene A, placotylene B (2), were isolated from a Korean marine sponge Placospongia sp. The chemical structures of placotylenes A and B were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, along with MS spectral analysis and revealed as an iodinated polyacetylene class of natural products. Placotylene A (1) displayed inhibitory activity against RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation at 10 μM while placotylene B (2) did not show any significant activity up to 100 μM, respectively.  相似文献   

Expression of gonadotropin genes in Manchurian trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachymystax lenok</Emphasis> and production of recombinant gonadotropins     

Eunju?Choi  Hyeyeon?Ko  Jihye?Shin  Mi-Ae?Kim  Young?Chang?SohnEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(6):1193-1200

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Long-term evaluation of extruded diets compared with raw fish moist diet for growing Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)     

Kang-Woong Kim  Xiaojie Wang  So-Min Choi  Sungehul C. Bai  Youn-Hee Choi  & Seong-Hee Choi 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(12):979-985

A long‐term experiment was conducted in sea cages to compare three experimental extruded pellet (EP) diets with a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). White fishmeal (WFM), soybean meal (SM) and fishmeal analogue (BAIFA‐M?)‐based experimental EP diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with 50% crude protein (CP) with available energy of 16.7 kJ g^?1 diet. An MP diet made of 80% frozen horse mackerel + 20% commercial binder meal was also included in the experiment. The proportions of the major protein ingredients in three experimental EP diets were as follows: WFM diet, 100% WFM; SM diet, 70% WFM + 30% SM; BAIFA‐M? diet, 70% WFM + 30% BAIFA‐M?. The experiment was divided into three periods according to fish size: period I, initial weight of 20.2 ± 3.6 g (mean ± SD); period II, initial weight of 57.6 ± 4.7 g (mean ± SD); period III, initial weight of 96.3 ± 6.9 g (mean ± SD). There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, thermal‐unit growth coefficient, specific growth rate, haemoglobin, or haematocrit among fish that were fed the four diets during all three periods. However, fish that were fed the MP diet had a lower survival rate than the fish that were fed the other three EP diets for all periods. These results strongly suggest that EP diets could be developed to replace MP diet for the grow‐out stage of production of Korean rockfish without adverse effects on growth performance.  相似文献   

Attenuation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) inhibition in MCF-10A cells by c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid     

Rakib MA  Kim YS  Jang WJ  Choi BD  Kim JO  Kong IK  Ha YL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(22):12022-12030

The protective effect of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) was examined in a human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), relative to t10,c12-CLA isomer. TPA inhibited GJIC in a dose-dependent and reversible manner and was associated with connexin 43 phosphorylation. Pretreatment of 20 μM c9,t11-CLA for 24 h prior to 60 nM TPA for 1 h prevented the inhibition of GJIC by reducing the phosphorylation of connexin 43 via suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) activation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by TPA was attenuated by c9,t11-CLA. The efficacy of c9,t11-CLA in protecting inhibition of GJIC, connexin 43 phosphorylation, and ROS production was superior to that of t10,c12-CLA. These results suggest that c9,t11-CLA, including t10,c12-CLA, prevents the carcinogenesis of MCF-10A cells by protecting down-regulation of GJIC during the cancer promotion stage, and lack of their toxicities could be an excellent indicator for the chemoprevention of breast cancer.  相似文献   

Electron spin resonance and luminescence spectroscopic observation and kinetic study of chemical and physical singlet oxygen quenching by resveratrol in methanol     

Jung MY  Choi DS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(22):11888-11895

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence spectroscopy were performed to observe singlet oxygen quenching by resveratrol. Resveratrol greatly decreased the 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone-N-oxyl radical signal as determined by ESR spectroscopy. Resveratrol also efficiently decreased luminescence emission at 1268 nm as studied with a NIR spectrofluorometer, showing positive evidence of singlet oxygen quenching by resveratrol. The total singlet oxygen quenching rate constant (kr+kq) of resveratrol in methanol was determined to be 2.55×10(7) M(-1) s(-1). The singlet oxygen chemical quenching rate constant (kr) of resveratrol was calculated by measuring its reaction rate with singlet oxygen relative to that of α-terpinene in the same solution under light illumination. The kr value of resveratrol was 1.15×10(6) M(-1) s(-1). The percent partition of chemical quenching over total singlet oxygen quenching (kr×100)/(kr+kq) for resveratrol was 5.11%. The results showed that resveratrol quenches singlet oxygen almost exclusively through the mechanism of physical quenching. Resveratrol showed a protective activity similar to that of BHA on the methylene blue sensitized photooxidation of α-terpinene. This unambiguously explains the mechanism of how resveratrol protects tissues and cells in biological systems or important nutrients in food systems against their photosensitized oxidations.  相似文献   

Energy utilisation in germ-free and conventional chicks fed diets containing sorbose     

M Furuse  S I Yang  N Niwa  Y H Choi  J Okumura 《British poultry science》1991,32(2):383-390

1. In experiment 1, growing conventional (CV) chicks were fed on diets containing graded amounts (0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg diet) of sorbose from 4 to 14 d. Protein, fat and energy deposition were determined after carcase analysis. The values for growth, food efficiency, metabolisable energy (ME) and fat and energy depositions declined as the dietary sorbose content increased. 2. In experiment 2, the performances of germ-free (GF) and CV chicks fed on diets with (100 g sorbose/kg diet) or without sorbose were investigated. On both diets, body weight gain, food consumption and protein accumulation in GF chicks were significantly higher than those in CV birds. No significant differences were observed between the dietary treatment except for ME values, which were significantly lower for the sorbose diet. 3. It is suggested that dietary sorbose decreased energy utilisation, and that the microbial contribution to the utilisation of dietary sorbose was negligible in the chicken.  相似文献