Direct Radiometric Observations of the Water Vapor Greenhouse Effect Over the Equatorial Pacific Ocean     

FPJ Valero  WD Collins  P Pilewskie  A Bucholtz  PJ Flatau 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5307):1773-1776

Airborne radiometric measurements were used to determine tropospheric profiles of the clear sky greenhouse effect. At sea surface temperatures (SSTs) larger than 300 kelvin, the clear sky water vapor greenhouse effect was found to increase with SST at a rate of 13 to 15 watts per square meter per kelvin. Satellite measurements of infrared radiances and SSTs indicate that almost 52 percent of the tropical oceans between 20°N and 20°S are affected during all seasons. Current general circulation models suggest that the increase in the clear sky water vapor greenhouse effect with SST may have climatic effects on a planetary scale.  相似文献   

Experimental Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo infection of pregnant cattle     

CR SMITH  MR McGOWAN  CS McCLINTOCK  BG CORNEY  PJ KETTERER  L. SMYTHE  W. WARD 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(11):822-826

Objective To observe the effect upon the foetus of experimental infection of pregnant cattle with Leptospira borg-petersenii serovar hardjo .
Design A disease transmission study using pregnant cattle.
Procedure Fourteen heifers serologically negative to L hardjo were artificially inseminated and later challenged with a north-Queensland isolate of L hardjo by conjunctival inoculation. The heifers were serologically monitored and their urine examined for the presence of leptospires using culture and fluorescent-antibody tests at appropriate intervals. Elective caesarean sections were performed on pregnant heifers at 6.5 weeks after the challenge. Foetuses were examined using serological, histopathological, microbiological and fluorescent-antibody tests.
Results Ten of the heifers became pregnant, but three subsequently aborted before challenge. After challenge, all 14 heifers seroconverted and L hardjo was isolated from the urine of 6 of the 7 pregnant heifers. No evidence of foetal L hardjo infection was detected. Two of the foetuses had histopatho-logical lesions consistent with Neospora s p infection.
Conclusion It is likely that the isolate of L hardjo used in this study does not normally infect the foetus. Neospora s p may be a more significant cause of bovine reproductive wastage.  相似文献   

Benign cranial mediastinal lesions in three cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. MALIK  L. GABOR  GB HUNT  DB CHURCH  VR BARRS  R. CHURCHER  RT DIXON  C. HUXLEY  PJ CANFIELD 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(3):183-187

Cranial mediastinal lesions were detected in three cats, associated with respiratory impairment (case one), spontaneous pneumothorax (case two) and myasthenia gravis (case three), respectively. On gross and histological examination, the first case was considered either a lymphangioma or a branchial cystic mass of the thymic region of the mediastinum; a cystic lesion was suggested by sonographic detection of multiple anechoic cavitations within a circumscribed mass, while fine needle aspiration cytology excluded lymphosarcoma. The second case was diagnosed histologically as a cystic thymoma, but the third case was not examined microscopically. The masses were amenable to surgical excision in the first two cats, while this proved unnecessary in the third case because of resolution following treatment with dexamethasone. Corticosteroid responsiveness was unhelpful in distinguishing between these benign lesions and lymphosarcoma, as in two cases there was a partial or complete response to dosing with prednisolone or dexamethasone. These cases are presented to emphasise that conditions other than lymphosarcoma can produce cranial mediastinal lesions in cats, and that the prognosis for surgical treatment of lymphangiomas, multilocular thymic cysts and cystic thymomas can be excellent.  相似文献   

Depot injection of barium selenate for long-term prevention of selenium inadequacy in beef cattle     

GJ Judson  PJ Babidge 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(4):154-155

In southern Australia, cattle at risk from selenium (Se) deficiency can be given an oral dose of supplements that are effective in maintaining adequate Se status for between 9 and 12 months. The present study was undertaken to assess the duration of the effect of parenteral barium selenate (BaSe) in raising the Se status of cattle at pasture in an area of marginal Se deficiency. The BaSe was given subcutaneously to Hereford heifers, using an 18-gauge needle. Cattle had regular blood sampling to assay Se, from 8 days before dosing to 1155 days afterwards. Results show that a single injection of BaSe was effective in elevating blood and plasma Se concentrations to normal values for at least 2 to 3 years, when given to beef cattle of low normal Se status. We suggest that a prophylactic dosage of 0.5 mg Se/kg body weight as BaSe should be given every 2 years to prevent Se inadequacy in beef cattle grazing pasture of marginal Se content.  相似文献   

Erratum     

ML Lepherd  PJ Canfield  GB Hunt  PC Thomson  KL Bosward 《Australian veterinary journal》2011,89(7):238-238

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The incidence, cost and factors associated with foot lameness in dairy cattle in south-western Victoria     

DJ HARRIS  CD HIBBURT†  GA ANDERSON‡  PJ YOUNIS†  DH FITSPATRICK§  AC DUNN¶  IW PARSONS  NR McBEATH 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(6):171-176

A survey of 73 dairy farms in south-western Victoria was conducted to assess the cost and mean herd incidence of foot lameness for the period from calving to the end of November, 1985, and to identify the herd, management and environmental factors associated with foot lameness. The mean herd size was 125 cows (range 82 to 220). Lameness occurred in 64 (88%) herds, and the mean herd incidence was 7.0% (range 0.0 to 30.9%). The main clinical signs associated with lameness were the presence of overworn and/or bruised soles, or stones lodged in the interdigital cleft. Factors associated with lameness were: property and herd size, age of cow, bail feeding, voluntary entry into the bails, and features of the farm track including its length, the presence of steep slopes, the type of surface material, presence and treatment of broken sections and maintenance including rolling history. The association of these factors with specific clinical signs was examined. The mean cost was estimated to be $42.90 per lame cow due to loss of production, treatment, the culling or death of lame cows, and extra man hours spent managing lame cows. It was concluded that the site, construction, maintenance and use of the farm track were of major importance to the incidence of lameness in herds in this area and recommendations for reducing lameness are made.  相似文献   

Perennial ryegrass staggers in fallow deer (Dama dama)     

PJ MITCHELL  CJ McCAUGHAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(10):258-259

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The isolation and identification of Edwardsiella tarda from a diseased native Australian eel (Anguilla reinhardtii)     

LE EAVES  PJ KETTERER  IG ANDERSON  JP BEUMER † 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(9):336-337

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Macrocytosis in poodles — appeal for cases     

ADJ WATSON  PJ CANFIELD 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(8):260-260

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The efficacy of injectable and pour-on formulations of moxidectin against lice on cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. CHICK  D. MCDONALD†  R. COBB†  PJ KIERAN§  I. WOOD¶ 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(6):212-213

SUMMARY The efficacy of one administration of moxidectin against natural infestations of the 3 common species of cattle lice in Australia: Linognathus vitull, Damallnla bovls and Haematoplnus eurysternus, was determined. A high degree of control of L vituli (too long-nosed sucking louse) was achieved with both the cattle Injection (96.7% and 100%) at 0.2 mg/kg and the cattle pour-on formulation (94.6% and 100%) at 0.5 mg/kg on the 2 farms where this louse occurred. An Injection of moxidectin at 0.2 mg/kg did not eliminate D bovis. In these trials efficacy ranged from nll to 85.2%. In contrast the pour-on formulation at 0.5 mg/kg provided consistently high efficacy (83.6 to 100%) against D bovis on 3 farms. Infestations of H eurysternus (the short-nosed sucking louse) were low and no significant difference was recorded between treatment groups In a single trial, however, lice persisted on 3 to 7 cattle In the untreated group at each Inspection, whereas none were found on any animals in the 2 groups treated with moxidectin on Inspection after treatment.  相似文献