Effects and interactions of genes Lr34, Lr68 and Sr2 on wheat leaf rust adult plant resistance in Uruguay     

Paula Silva  Violeta Calvo-Salazar  Federico Condón  Martin Quincke  Clara Pritsch  Lucía Gutiérrez  Ariel Castro  Sybil Herrera-Foessel  Jarislav von Zitzewitz  Silvia Germán 《Euphytica》2015,204(3):599-608

  相似文献   

Haematological indices are modulated in juvenile carp, Cyprinus carpio L., exposed to microcystins produced by cyanobacterial water bloom     

Kopp R  Palíková M  Mareš J  Navrátil S  Kubíček Z  Ziková A 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(2):103-114

This study evaluated the influence of toxic cyanobacterial water blooms on the blood indices of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Experimental fish were exposed to a natural population of cyanobacterial water blooms (mainly Microcystis aeruginosa and M. ichthyoblabe), which contained microcystins [total concentration 133–284 μg g^?1 (DW), concentration in water 2.8–7.4 μg L^?1]. Haematological indices showed marked changes in fish exposed to the cyanobacterial population in comparison with the control group. Statistical evaluation of the influence of cyanobacterial water blooms on biochemical indices of the juvenile carp showed a distinct decrease in albumin, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose, phosphorus and iron when compared to controls. Values of red blood counts [haemoglobin, haematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration] and lactate were significantly increased compared to controls. After exposure to cyanobacterial water bloom, the carp were kept in clean water to monitor the persistence of biochemical indices. The influence of cyanobacterial populations on calcium, cholesterol, glucose, lactate, phosphorus and PCV persisted up to 28 days after conclusion of the experiment. Duration of exposure, toxicity and density of cyanobacterial water blooms had an important impact on individual haematological indices.  相似文献   

Lepidopteran larva consumption of soybean foliage: basis for developing multiple-species economic thresholds for pest management decisions     

Bueno RC  Bueno Ade F  Moscardi F  Parra JR  Hoffmann-Campo CB 《Pest management science》2011,67(2):170-174

  相似文献   

Novel approach to study oxidative stability of extra virgin olive oils: importance of alpha-tocopherol concentration     

Deiana M  Rosa A  Cao CF  Pirisi FM  Bandino G  Dessì MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(15):4342-4346

The stability of extra virgin olive oils is mainly due to their relatively low fatty acids unsaturation and to the antioxidant activity of some of the unsaponifiable components. We studied the activity of alpha-tocopherol in extra virgin olive oil in its natural state, using new and simple oxidizing conditions in "thin layer" and "bulk phase". Oxidation time course was monitored at 37 degrees C or 75 degrees C. A storage test was also performed. Two parameters were evaluated: depletion of alpha-tocopherol and formation of PUFA hydroperoxides, measured as conjugated dienes (CD) and peroxide value. The value of complex polyphenols was also measured. alpha-Tocopherol concentration decreased in function of time and temperature and showed a strong inverse correlation with the increase of CD. When alpha-tocopherol reached a "threshold value" of 60-70 mg/kg, a significant increase of CD formation was observed, together with a good correlation between CD and peroxide value. The initial amount of alpha-tocopherol is one of the components that influences oil oxidative susceptibility.  相似文献   

Differential immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in cow uteri with adenomyosis during follicular phase     

Moreira L  de Carvalho EC  Caldas-Bussiere MC 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(5):261-269

The present investigation was intended to show a different immunohistochemical profile of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 in bovine uteri with adenomyosis during follicular phase. Uterine samples of 32 cows in reproductive age were taken from the medial third of one of the uterine horns and grouped according to the adenomyosis degree (superficial and deep). Tissue sections (4 μm) were incubated overnight at 4°C with monoclonal antibody for matrix metalloproteinase-2 and Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2. Staining intensities were evaluated in the luminal epithelium, ectopic and dystopic endometrial tissue (stroma, capillaries and glands), endometrial-myometrial border, myometrium, myometrial vessels (middle tunic and endothelium). The matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression was higher for deep adenomyosis samples, showing a differential mean reactivity in superficial endometrium, myometrial vessels, myometrium adjacent to adenomyotic focus and endometrial-myometrial border (P < 0.05). Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression was higher in deep adenomyosis samples than that of Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 in almost all uterine structures analyzed (except for the endometrial and myometrial vessels and endometrial-myometrial border). The opposite was observed in the follicular phase, for both normal specimens and with superficial adenomyosis, where Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 expression was higher than that of matrix metalloproteinase-2. In conclusion, a differential pattern of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 was observed in cow uteri with adenomyosis.  相似文献   

Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) using qPCR     

Obrero A  Die JV  Román B  Gómez P  Nadal S  González-Verdejo CI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5402-5411

  相似文献   

Soil evaporation under different types of land use in southern African savanna ecosystems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Johanna Clara Metzger  Lars Landschreiber  Alexander Gröngröft  Annette Eschenbach 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(3):468-475

For dryland ecosystems, soil evaporation is a major factor of the soil water balance. Often handled in one term with transpiration, little is known quantitatively about evaporation and impacts of soil and vegetation on it. On 12 plots at three sites in Angola, Namibia, and Botswana, potential and actual evaporation was measured using microlysimeters and parameterized. Dependencies on micrometeorological, soil, and site properties were statistically examined. In simulation runs with SWAP, the microlysimeter measurements were tried to be reproduced. Measured potential evaporation rates varied from 3.0 mm d^–1 to 8.6 mm d^–1. The evaporational parameter β ranged between 0.9 mm^1/2 and 4.3 mm^1/2. Evaporation was found to be strongly impacted by vegetation and land use, increasing from homogeneous bush areas over heterogeneous, more open woodlands to sparsely covered dryland agricultures. Correlations of evaporation variables with temperature, humidity, shading, topsoil water content, pF, bulk density, texture, and C content were found. Relationships were non‐explicit, which could be achieved by combining different factors. The simulation showed satisfying results with small deviations, confirming the model's general ability to depict the process. The application of the Boesten‐Stroosnijder‐model in combination with the used methods showed to be very useful to express evaporational properties, yet further research is necessary to improve consistency. A basis for evaporation prediction from known plot and soil characteristics and temporal and spatial up‐scaling could be given.  相似文献   

Soil fertility management and insect pests: harmonizing soil and plant health in agroecosystems     

Miguel A. Altieri  Clara I. Nicholls 《Soil & Tillage Research》2003,72(2):203-211

Cultural methods such as crop fertilization can affect susceptibility of plants to insect pests by altering plant tissue nutrient levels. Research shows that the ability of a crop plant to resist or tolerate insect pests and diseases is tied to optimal physical, chemical and mainly biological properties of soils. Soils with high organic matter and active soil biology generally exhibit good soil fertility. Crops grown in such soils generally exhibit lower abundance of several insect herbivores, reductions that may be attributed to a lower nitrogen content in organically farmed crops. On the other hand, farming practices, such as excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, can cause nutrient imbalances and lower pest resistance. More studies comparing pest populations on plants treated with synthetic versus organic fertilizers are needed. Understanding the underlying effects of why organic fertilization appears to improve plant health may lead us to new and better integrated pest management and integrated soil fertility management designs.  相似文献   

Cadmium Effects in Sunflower: Membrane Permeability and Changes in Catalase and Peroxidase Activity in Leaves and Calluses     

Helena Azevedo  Clara Gomes Glória Pinto  Conceição Santos 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2233-2241

Mechanisms preventing oxidative burst in cells exposed to high metal concentrations are crucial for cell survival. In this report, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was used as a model species to investigate: (a) how cadmium (Cd) affects plant defense pathways (in particular, those involved in preventing oxidative stress), and (b) whether antioxidative enzymes of plants and of in vitro cell culture (calluses) have similar responses to Cd exposure. For this experiment, plants (grown hydroponically on Long Ashton medium) and calluses (grown on Murashige and Skoog medium) were exposed for three weeks to different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). Solute and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration in the external medium and in exposed leaves, and less in exposed calluses. Cadmium exposure also reduced significantly soluble protein contents in both leaves and calluses. The activities of catalase and peroxidase decreased significantly in 50 and 500 μ M-exposed leaves compared with the control, but increased in 5 μ M-exposed calluses, decreasing in the calluses exposed 500 μ M Cd. The decrease in antioxidative enzymes activities is congruent with the decrease in membrane integrity and suggests that calluses develop antioxidant mechanisms that respond better to Cd stress than do leaves. On average, 100% of plants exposed for 21 d to 500 μ M and 95% of plants exposed for 45 d to 50 μ M Cd were dead. After 45 d, only 53% of 50 μ M-exposed calluses had died. These surviving calluses were maintained on 50 μ M for six months. Six-month-old exposed calluses had higher activities of peroxidase and catalase when compared with control calluses, as well as lower membrane degradation. These data show that calluses are more tolerant than plants to Cd exposure, and that antioxidant mechanisms under Cd exposure may differ between the two cell systems and vary with time.  相似文献   

Decline of Mediterranean oak trees and its association with Phytophthora cinnamomi: a review     

Constança de Sampaio e Paiva Camilo-Alves  Maria Ivone Esteves da Clara  Nuno Manuel Cabral de Almeida Ribeiro 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(3):411-432

Mortality events in cork and holm oaks have occurred in the Mediterranean basin since the beginning of the XX century, but severity of decline increased during the 1980s. By that time, the exotic soil borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi was often recovered from declining stands and since then it has been considered the main factor associated with decline. This work analyses data concerning P. cinnamomi surveys in cork and holm oaks trees, pathogenicity tests carried out in controlled experiments, studies about the influence of site characteristics in tree decline and approaches to control the disease. Results of field surveys showed that the pathogen is widespread and pathogenicity tests suggested that host susceptibility to the pathogen is moderate when seedlings are in appropriate watering conditions, particularly cork oaks. Occurrence of decline is also associated with soil characteristics that interfere with root expansion and water retention. We assessed the relative importance of each factor involved in decline and revised the role of P. cinnamomi in cork and holm oak decline.  相似文献