Evaluation of Zeolite Products Used for Aquaculture in Thailand     

Orawan  Silapajarn Kom  Silapajarn Claude E.  Boyd 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2006,37(1):136-138

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Determination of the phosphorus fertilization rate for bluegill ponds using regression analysis     

Wararat Wudtisin  & Claude E Boyd 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(6):593-599

Pond fertilization studies usually are restricted by availability of ponds forcing researchers to limit treatments to maintain adequate replicates for statistical analysis. Data from a wide range of fertilizer rates applied over a single season in un‐replicated ponds were treated using regression analysis to establish the optimum phosphorus application rate for bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) ponds. The response to phosphorus fertilization conformed to a saturation model (R²=0.92). Bluegill production increased with greater fertilization rate up to 3 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1, but production was similar (501–558 kg ha^?1) at rates of 3–7 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1. The observation that 3 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 per application was adequate phosphorus fertilization for bluegill ponds with sufficient nitrogen agrees closely with the usual recommendation of 4 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 per application. Results of this research also revealed that nutrient assessment in bluegill ponds can be based on total nitrogen and total phosphorus analyses, and Secchi disk visibility may be used as an index of plankton abundance.  相似文献   

The timing of inorganic fertilization of sunfish ponds     

Kevin M. Doyle  Claude E. Boyd 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,37(2):169-177

Fertilization with diammonium phosphate (20 kg/ha per application) was initiated at different dates in each of four treatments replicated three times in 0.04-ha ponds. Although there were some differences in averages of total and filtrable orthophosphate concentrations and phytoplankton abundance among treatments (P < 0.05), sunfish production was not influenced by the timing of fertilization (P > 0.05). Phytoplankton blooms did not develop in any of the treatments until late spring or early summer. The failure of phytoplankton to respond to fertilization in late winter and early spring was apparently related to low water temperature and competition by macrophytes. In larger, deeper ponds (> 0.5 ha), inorganic fertilization will cause phytoplankton blooms in early spring even when water temperatures are low.  相似文献   

Comparisons of devices for aerating inflow of pipes     

J.Michael Moore  Claude E. Boyd 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,38(1):89-96

Eleven different devices for aerating water discharged from pipes were evaluated for effectiveness in increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) and decreasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations. All devices were more effective than a straight pipe in oxygenating water and provided DO concentrations above 4 mg/l. DO concentrations above 6 mg/l resulted with Tee and Ell aspirators and with a half-open gate valve. The gate valve had the greatest oxygen transfer rate. Although the aerators removed as much or more CO₂ than they added O₂, none was efficient in removing CO₂. Water was highly supersaturated with CO₂, and concentrations were only reduced by 3.7 to 13.4 mg/l - 2.2 to 8.6% of the initial vaiues.  相似文献   

Comments on the development of techniques for management of environmental quality in aquaculture     

Claude E. Boyd 《Aquacultural Engineering》1986,5(2-4):135-146

Management procedures which improve or stabilize environmental quality in aquaculture ponds are needed. The development of such procedures requires knowledge of quantitative relationships among two sets of variables: (1) fish production and specific aspects of environmental quality and (2) the management procedure and environmental quality. The specific changes desired in environmental quality must be identified, and the effect of a given degree of application of a management procedure on both environmental quality and aquacultural production must be ascertained. Management procedures must produce predictable results at a reasonable cost.

Environmental factors which must be considered in managing water quality in fertilized ponds and in ponds in which feeds are applied are discussed. Some examples of the development of successful environmental quality management techniques are provided and topics for future research are mentioned.  相似文献   

Chemical Characteristics of Bottom Soils from Freshwater and Brackishwater Aquaculture Ponds   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Claude E.  Boyd  Margaret E.  Tanner  Mahmoud  Madkour Kiyoshi  Masuda 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(4):517-534

Soil chemical analyses were conducted on samples from 358 freshwater fish ponds and 346 brackishwater shrimp ponds. Freshwater ponds were located in Honduras, Rwanda, Bhutan, and the United States. Ponds in the United States were in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, and South Carolina. Brackishwater ponds were in Thailand, Ecuador, Philippines, and Venezuela. Soils of freshwater and brackishwater ponds did not differ greatly in average concentrations and concentration ranges for carbon, nitrogen, calcium, and pH. Concentrations of copper and barium tended to be higher in freshwater soils than in brackishwater ones. All other measured chemical constitutents tended to be more abundant in the soils of brackishwater ponds than in those of freshwater ponds. For the most part, ranges of pond soil chemical properties were similar to those of terrestrial soils, with freshwater pond soils resembling terrestrial soils from humid areas and brackishwater soils being similar in many respects to soils of arid regions. However, some brackishwater pond soils were highly acidic, acid-sulfate soils. Data were arranged into concentration categories (very low, low, medium, high, and very high) to facilitate comparisons of the present data set with other data on soil chemical properties for aquaculture ponds. All ponds included in the present study were used for aquaculture, showing that it is possible to rear fish and shrimp across an extremely wide range of soil chemical properties.  相似文献   

Original surgical treatment of thoracolumbar subarachnoid cysts in six chondrodystrophic dogs     

Camille Bismuth  Fran?ois-Xavier Ferrand  Mathilde Millet  Philippe Buttin  Didier Fau  Thibaut Cachon  Eric Viguier  Catherine Escriou  Claude Carozzo 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):32

Background

Subarachnoid cysts are rare conditions in veterinary medicine, associated with spinal cord dysfunction. Most of the 100 cases of subarachnoid cysts described since the first report in 1968 were apparently not true cysts. Reported cysts are usually situated in the cervical area and occur in predisposed breeds such as the Rottweiler. The purpose of this retrospective study, from May 2003 to April 2012, was to describe the distinctive features of thoracolumbar spinal subarachnoid cysts, together with their surgical treatment and outcome in 6 chondrodystrophic dogs.

Results

Five Pugs and 1 French Bulldog were examined. Images suggestive of a subarachnoid cyst were obtained by myelography (2/6) and computed tomography myelography (4/6), and associated disc herniation was observed in 3/6 dogs. A hemilaminectomy was performed. The protruding disc eventually found in 5/6 dogs was treated by lateral corpectomy. The ventral leptomeningeal adhesions observed in all dogs after durotomy were dissected. No or only mild post-operative neurological degradation was observed. Follow-up studies (7 months to 4 years) indicated good outcome and no recurrence.

Conclusions

All the thoracolumbar subarachnoid cysts described in these 6 chondrodystrophic dogs were associated with leptomeningeal adhesions. Good results seemed to be obtained by dissecting and removing these adhesions. A protruding disc, found here in 5/6 dogs, needs to be ruled out and can be treated by lateral corpectomy.  相似文献   

Effects of Maropitant Citrate or Acepromazine on the Incidence of Adverse Events Associated with Hydromorphone Premedication in Dogs     

A.K. Claude  A. Dedeaux  L. Chiavaccini  S. Hinz 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1414-1417

Background

Vomiting is a common complication associated with the use of hydromorphine for pre‐emptive analgesia in dogs. The ideal anti‐emetic protocol for prevention of this complication has not been established.

Hypothesis

Maropitant administered concurrently or before hydromorphone would reduce the incidence of vomiting, signs of nausea, ptyalism, and increased panting compared to administration of acepromazine or a 0.9% saline control.

Animals

Sixty mixed‐breed female dogs scheduled for ovariohysterectomy.

Methods

Randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled experimental study. Dogs were assigned to 4 experimental groups with 15 dogs per group. All groups received 0.2 mg/kg of hydromorphone IM. Group “Control” received 0.1 mL/kg saline SC 30–45 minutes before hydromorphone, group “Marop1” received 1 mg/kg maropitant SC 30–45 minutes before hydromorphone, group “Ace” received 0.02 mg/kg IM acepromazine 30–45 minutes before hydromorphone, and group “Marop2” received 1 mg/kg SC maropitant concurrently with hydromorphone. A trained and blinded observer documented adverse events from the time hydromorphone was administered until the time dogs were induced for surgery.

Results

Marop1 had significantly less vomiting (0%) compared to Control (87%; P < .01) and Ace (53%; P < .01). Marop2 had significantly less vomiting (27%) compared to Control (P < .01). Marop1 had significantly greater incidence of ptyalism (73%) compared to Ace (P < .01; 20%). Ace showed significantly less panting (33%) compared to Marop2 (93%; P < .01).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In healthy dogs, maropitant citrate administered before hydromorphone significantly decreases the incidence of vomiting in dogs but does not improve signs of nausea, ptyalism, or increased panting.  相似文献   

Serum antibodies and DNA indicate a high prevalence of equine papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) among horses in Switzerland     

Nina. M. Fischer  Claude Favrot  Katharina Birkmann  Michele Jackson  Colin C. Schwarzwald  Martin Müller  Kurt Tobler  Marco Geisseler  Christian E. Lange 《Veterinary dermatology》2014,25(3):210-e54

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Ionic Supplementation of Pond Waters for Inland Culture of Marine Shrimp   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aaron A.  McNevin  Claude E.  Boyd Orawan  Silapajarn Kom  Silapajarn 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2004,35(4):460-467

Saline well water used to fill ponds for inland culture of marine shrimp in Alabama often have low concentrations of potassium and magnesium. In 2002, pond waters on a shrimp farm were treated with enough muriate of potash and potassium-magnesium sulfate (K-Mag) to increase potassium concentration from 6.2 mg/L to about 40 mg/L and magnesium concentrations from 4.6 mg/L to about 20 mg/L. Salinity in ponds averaged 2.6 ppt at the time of mineral salt additions. The concentrations of potassium and magnesium remained fairly constant throughout the growing season without further applications of salts, and salinity increased to about 4 ppt mainly as a result of concentration through evaporation. Survival and production on the farm averaged 19% and 595 kg/ha, respectively, in 2001. In 2002, average survival improved to 67% and average production was 4,068 kg/ha. Ponds were stocked at similar rates and managed by similar procedures both years. Magnesium concentration was very low related to the concentration expected in normal seawater diluted to the same salinity as the pond water, while potassium was near the expected concentration. Thus, increased potassium concentration is thought to have influenced production much more than did the increase in magnesium concentration. K-Mag does not dissolve as readily as muriate of potash. Thus, K-Mag should not be dumped in shallow water areas of ponds to dissolve as can be done with muriate of potash. It should be broadcast over the pond surface, predissolved and splashed over the pond surface, or placed in porous bags suspended in front of aerators. Although a single application of mineral salts was effective, 2002 was a dry year. On a wet year, ions may be diluted or flushed out in overflow and more than one treatment with mineral salts might be necessary during the growing season.  相似文献