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Ioanna Mari Constantinos Ehaliotis Maria Kotsou Iordanis Chatzipavlidis Dimitrios Georgakakis 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):281-287
Two composts were prepared from olive press cake (OPC) repeatedly turned and moistened with either olive mill wastewater (OPC+OMW) or water (OPC+W). When phytotoxicity was drastically reduced and the pH of the composts had reached 8.6 and 7.55 respectively, elemental sulfur was added at 0.9% of dry weight to the OPC+OMW compost and at five different doses (0.1 – 1.0% of dry wt) to the OPC+W compost. During the following six months, an exponential pH decline was observed in both compost materials. The pH reached a final value of 5.8 in the OPC+OMW compost whereas a pH decline related to the amount of added sulfur was observed in the OPC+W compost (final values from 6.8 to 4.3). Over 80% of the pH decline occurred during the first two months following the sulfur addition. Sulfur was applied following the stabilization of the material in the case of OPC+W. No phytotoxic effects of the final products were observed at sulfur application doses up to 0.5% of dry compost weight, but a significant germination index reduction was observed at the 1% dose, probably related to the increased conductivity of the compost leachate. Sulfur was applied before stabilization of the compost material, in the case of OPC+OMW, to also investigate the effects of sulfur addition on the composting process. A thermophilic phase similar to that observed after the last OMW application exceeding 50°C followed, and no effects on microbial activity profiles of the compost were observed. The results indicate that small amounts of elemental sulfur may efficiently control high pH values in the final compost products and could be safely applied at late composting stages or after composting. This may broaden the utilization of these composts in potting media and alkaline soils. 相似文献
43.
Constantina Rousidou Kalliope Papadopoulou Georgios Zervakis Brajesh Kumar Singh Constantinos Ehaliotis Dimitrios Georgios Karpouzas 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2010,46(1):34-40
Repeated application of diluted olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a common disposal method which allows the application of large amounts of OMW and improves the organic matter and nutrient status of Mediterranean soils. However, there is lack of information regarding the effects of this practice on the soil microbial community. A study was carried out to investigate these effects on the structure of the bacterial and fungal community of a loamy sand (LS) and a sandy loam (SL) soil, using denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting. OMW was daily applied as aqueous solutions of 0, 2 and 4%, in the presence or absence of nitrogen fertilization, for a three-month period. Multivariate analysis of the DGGE profiles showed that OMW applications resulted in marked changes in the fungal community in both soils, while nitrogen fertilization diminished these effects. Small effects were evident for the bacteria only in the LS soil and this was attributed to the higher availability of OMW-derived phenolics in this soil which resulted in a direct impact on bacteria. Nitrogen fertilization alleviated the effects of OMW on the bacterial community. We suggest that the impact of OMW on the structure of the soil microbial communities was mostly a result of its indirect effect on the soil nutritional status, which becomes enriched in organic substrates and poor in available nitrogen. 相似文献
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Stagos D Spanou C Margariti M Stathopoulos C Mamuris Z Kazantzoglou G Magiatis P Kouretas D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):5246-5252
In the present study, the effects of extracts and polyphenol-rich fractions as well as monomer polyphenols identified in them, from both red and white grapes, on mitomycin C (MMC) induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated. The grape extracts and two of the three polyphenol-rich fractions promoted MMC-induced SCEs at concentrations from 75 to 300 microg/mL. However, none of the extracts or fractions alone induced SCEs. Thus, these results suggest caution especially with regard to the use of grape extracts as dietary supplements. On the other hand, the fact that these extracts were not genotoxic alone may indicate a selective activity against genetically damaged cells. This is the first study regarding the clastogenic effects of grape extracts in human cells. Moreover, from the tested polyphenols, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and rutin hydrate enhanced MMC-induced clastogenicity, whereas ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and trans-resveratrol had no effect at concentrations between 5 and 100 microM. The differences in the chemical structures of the tested polyphenols may account for their differential effects on MMC clastogenicity. 相似文献
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Christos Noulas Miltiadis Tziouvalekas Dimitrios Vlachostergios Dimitrios Baxevanos Theodore Karyotis Constantinos Iliadis 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(22):2612-2629
Quinoa was cultivated for 7000 years by indigenous people of the Andes, but in recent decades it is gaining international attention because of its tolerance to abiotic stresses, the wide genetic variability, and its high nutritional value. Greece was among the European countries and in the Mediterranean basin, the first European country, which since 1995 was involved in the “American and European Test of Quinoa” organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the Quinoa Project “CIP-DANIDA.” The experiments (1995–2004) were conducted in the lowlands of Central Greece (Larissa region). The first experiments focused on the adaptation of quinoa varieties to warm and dry climatic conditions and to the effect of plant density on seed yield (SY). Drought, low relative humidity, high temperatures (>32 °C), and long days (during anthesis) were considered unfavorable for seed production. Moreover, crusting and drying up of the soil surface had a negative effect on the proportion (60–70%) of emerged seedlings. The best sowing density is considered to be 25 plants m?2. Considering the effect of sowing date on SY and quality, it was found that early sowing in March is more suitable (in areas where frost avoidance is ensured), whereas latest (May) sowing was unsuitable and resulted in poor germination. The evaluation of 25 quinoa varieties showed that only 8 (six European and two Latin American) varieties produced seeds, whereas the rest 17 produced only panicles and flowers. Dry matter quality of the produced stems was analyzed for protein and fiber content. Dry stems of the plants remained after seed harvest contained high percentage of fibers (45%). The eight most promising varieties were also evaluated for their yielding potential and their seed composition under contrasting soil properties. Compared to neutral soil conditions, SY in the saline–sodic soil was decreased up to 45%. Mineral and protein content in seeds was higher in the varieties originated from Latin America. SY for some varieties exceeded 1000–1500 kg ha?1, and seeds were rich in protein (15–18.5%) and minerals content. On a breeding program started in 2002, 23 families have been created using mass selection procedures for the creation of new varieties from plants survived in the saline–sodic soils. These selections had to be evaluated in dense sowing in typical SY experiments, but experimentation was discontinued in the absence of financial support. Farmers’ knowledge gaps on cultivation techniques, the distances from the European markets, and the absence of incentives are probably considered the major obstacles to date for crop’s expansion in Greece. Research should focus on the evaluation of promising genetic material in different agroecological zones including higher altitudes.Abbreviations: AETQ, American and European Test of Quinoa; FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization; SY, seed yield; a.s.l., above sea level; N, neutral soil; S-S. saline–sodic soil; B, branched plant types; UN-B, unbranched plant types. 相似文献
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Future directions in the European union for veterinary education as related to food-producing animals, with special reference to Greece 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kyriakis SC Alexopoulos C Tassis PD Tzika ED Kritas SK Burriel AR 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2004,31(3):216-221
During the past 50 years, procedures for raising food-producing animals have changed. Intensification of food production was necessary to keep prices low and to fulfill market demands for the continuously increasing worldwide population. Intensification of farming procedures produced many new problems, some of which had a considerable impact on public opinion about how animals are raised and how food of animal origin is produced and preserved. "Man made diseases" of animals such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE); contamination of foods with dioxins either through contamination of animal feeds or from the environment; and increased microbial resistance to drugs used for treatment, for prophylaxis of animals from infectious agents, and for growth promotion are some well-known hazards of intensified farming. Veterinarians working on food-producing animals are faced with an increased demand for foods of high quality and safety in developed countries, and higher quantities in the rest of the world. These qualitative and quantitative changes indicate that they must adjust to these new conditions. They will be most successful if their education is adjusted to meet the challenges that the public has created for them through new concepts of the production of food of animal origin. One such concept is the production of foods under fully certified procedures from the farm to the consumer's table. Food safety measures protecting public health will better be achieved if the education of the future veterinarian includes the principles of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) starting at farm level. This article provides some market-driven ideas in this direction for European Union (EU) countries, including Greece. 相似文献
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Thomas Markos Chouzouris Eleni Dovolou Constantinos A. Rekkas Panagiotis Georgoulias Lambrini V. Athanasiou Georgios S. Amiridis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(1):91-99
In two experiments, we studied (a) the changes of LH secretion in heifers under different feeding schedules and (b) total ghrelin concentration at oestrus in cows and heifers. In experiment one, synchronized heifers were allocated in three groups (R, regularly fed controls; F, fasted; and F‐F fasted‐fed). One day after the completion of the oestrous induction protocol, group F and F‐F animals stayed without feed for 24 hr; thereafter, feed was provided to R and F‐F cattle; 2 hr later, GnRH was administered to all animals. Blood samples were collected for ghrelin, progesterone, LH and cortisol concentrations. Fasting caused increased ghrelin concentrations in groups F and F‐F, while in response to GnRH, LH surge was significantly attenuated in groups F and F‐F compared to R. In experiment 2, lactating cows and heifers were used. On day 9 of a synchronized cycle, PGF2α was administered, and blood samples were collected twice daily until the third day after oestrus and analysed for progesterone, estradiol, ghrelin, glucose and BHBA concentrations. No difference was recorded between groups in steroids and BHBA concentrations. In comparison to mid‐luteal values, ghrelin concentrations significantly increased at perioestrual period in cows, but not in heifers. This study provides evidence that starving‐induced elevated ghrelin concentrations can have suppressing effect on LH secretion, even after ghrelin's restoration to basal values and that during oestrus, ghrelin secretion is differently regulated in cows and heifers, likely being independent from oestradiol concentrations. Further research is required to identify the determining factors that drive the different regulation of ghrelin secretion in cows and heifers. 相似文献
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Investigation of minor metabolites in the extracts of the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius collected from the rocky coasts of Corfu Island in the Ionian Sea yielded two new diterpene alcohols, sphaerollanes I, and II (1, 2) featuring neodolabellane skeletons, and the new sphaeroane diterpene alcohol 16-hydroxy-9S*-acetoxy-8-epi-isosphaerodiene-2 (3), along with two previously reported metabolites 4, 5. The structures of the new natural products, as well as their relative stereochemistry, were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis, including 2D-NMR experiments. 相似文献
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Letizia Passantino Rosa Zupa Chrysovalentinos Pousis Constantinos C. Mylonas Edmond Hala Emilio Jirillo Aldo Corriero 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(4):503-514
The greater amberjack Seriola dumerili is a new aquaculture fish that may display reproductive dysfunctions. During extensive follicular atresia, which is a common reproductive dysfunction in females during vitellogenesis, part of the reabsorbed yolk returns to the liver to be metabolized and recycled. Melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) are aggregates of macrophage-like cells that play a role in the destruction, detoxification and recycling of endogenous and exogenous materials, and have been associated with systemic stress. Wild and captive-reared greater amberjack were sampled in the Mediterranean Sea during two different phases of the reproductive cycle. The liver of reproductively dysfunctional captive-reared females sampled during the spawning season showed a high density of both MMCs and apoptotic cells. A weak liver anti-cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A immunoreactivity was observed, suggesting that the examined fish were not exposed to environmental pollutants. We propose that the observed increase in MMCs and apoptosis in captive-reared fish was related to the hepatic overload associated to the metabolism of yolk proteins reabsorbed during extensive follicular atresia. Since follicular atresia is a frequent physiological and pathological event in teleosts, we suggest that the reproductive state should be always assessed when MMCs are used as markers of exposure to stress or pollutants. 相似文献
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Giorgos Koumoundouros Savoula Kouttouki Eustathia Georgakopoulou Ioannis Papadakis Eric Maingot Panagiotis Kaspiris Yiannos Kiriakou Georgios Georgiou Pascal Divanach Maroudio Kentouri & Constantinos C Mylonas 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(13):1265-1272
The ontogeny of shi drum Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus 1758), a candidate new species for aquaculture, was studied throughout the entire larval phase. Geometric morphometric analysis revealed two clear inflection points (7.0 and 12.7 mm total length, TL) in the shape ontogeny of this species, separating the studied period into three phases of different allometric priorities. Spline graphs demonstrated that the major non‐uniform shape ontogeny correlated with the development of the fins, the anterior dorsal area of the body, the caudal peduncle, the eye and the mouth. Concerning the morphological features, shi drum larvae are characterized by an upward anterior bending of the notochord. The ontogeny of the fins began with the formation of the pectoral buds (2.9 mm TL), continued with the notochord flexion (4.3 mm TL, associated with the caudal fin development), the appearance of the pelvic buds, the first anal rays (4.5 mm TL) and the first dorsal rays (4.8 mm TL). Shi drum juveniles presented 25 vertebrae and the following dominant fin types: D XI,23, AII,6, VI,5, P17 and C17. 相似文献